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JEWISH  PALESTINE  PAVILION  •  NEW-YORK  WORLD'S    FAIR  1939 


ALONE  AMONGST  DISTILLERS,  the 
House  of  Seagram,  we  believe,  has 
the  background  of  blending  experi- 
ence and  the  craftsmanship  necessary 
to  make  a  Canadian  Whisky  as  light, 
as  low  proof  (86.8)  and  as  delicate  as 
Seagram's  "V.O." 

Taste  "V.O."  Compare  it  with  any 


eagram's 

(J    FINE  WHISKIES  SINCE  1857 


other  Canadian  Whisky.  Only  then  will 
you  be  able  to  realize  and  appreciate  its 
true  fineness. 

Seagram's  "V.O."  is  truly  a  master- 
piece of  the  blender's  art — "Canada's 
Finest"  Canadian  Whisky. 

Seagram's  "V.  O."  Canadian  rare  old  blended  whisky. 
6  years  old  —  Distilled,  aged  and  blended  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Canadian  Government. 


6 ^eafa       -  tfdS/rta^ 


Seagram-Disliiurs  Cor^oi al  'wn,  Offices:  N.  Y. 


THE  NEW  REMINGTON  NOISELESS 

Writing  Perfection  with  Silence 

In  this,  the  1939  model  of  the  Remington  Noiseless,  more  than  ever  are 
emphasized  those  factors  which  make  for  speed,  comfort  and  conven- 
ience, in  addition  to  QUIET.  In  the  general  office,  the  private  office, 
the  stenograpic  department,  thinking  and  working  are  best  done  in  an 
atmosphere  of  quiet  .  .  .  and  it  is  here  that  there  is  no  substitute  for 
the  Remington  Noiseless. 

For  correspondence  of  the  better  sort,  for  matchless  printwork,  for 
manifolding  and  stencil  cutting  par  excellence  .  .  .  for  conserving  and 
improving  the  nerves,  dispositions  and  abilities  of  the  operator,  exec- 
utive and  all  within  hearing,  the  Remington  Noiseless  is  supreme. 


With  seven  interchangeable  carriages  ...  an  exclusive  Model  17  feature  ...  this  one 
typewriter,  instead  of  several,  will  do  all  your  wide  form  work.  No  other  machine 
can  so  quickly  and  easily  be  converted  to  take  paper  up  to  31  inches  wide.  Here 
is  a  very  real  saving  both  in  capital  investment  and  in  floor  space. 


THE  REMI\GTO\  17 

The  Completely  i\ew  Typewriter 

With  this  Model  17,  the  one  and  only  typewriter  that  is  completely  new, 
Remington  steps  into  unquestioned  leadership  in  the  tield  of  the  so 
called  "standard"  machines.  In  this  classification,  no  other  typewriter 
has  so  many  wanted  features.  In  no  other  typewriter  will  you  find  the 
interchangeable  carriage,  that  enables  one  Model  17  to  do  the  work 
of  several  wide  carriage  machines.  In  no  other  typewriter  will  you  find 
such  a  smooth,  easy  moving  carriage,  such  a  feather-light  shift,  a  jam 
trip  for  preventing  soiled  fingers  and  broken  nails  ...  a  so  completely 
satisfying  touch  regulator ...  in  a  word,  so  many  conveniences  for  the 
comfort  and  advantage  of  the  user. 


Id  ofi  Tc 


omoxxow 


CERTAINLY,  A  TRIM.  WITHOUT  OBLIGATION.  CALL  ANY  REMINGTON  RANI)  OFFICE  TODAY 


Remington  Rand  Inc. 


BUFFALO 


NEW  YORK 


Canadian  Headquarters:  199  Bay  St.  Toronto,  Canada 


REST  YOUR  THROAT  TOO.  WITH  KOOLS 


New  .  .  .  WEEK-END  TIN  OF  50. 
Handy  size  to  pack  in  your  bag  Won't 
crush.  Just  the  right  number  of  smokes 
for  a  week-end.  Kept  factory-fresh  with 
Cellophane  at  leading  d.-aleis. 


TUNE 

Or  chest 


id  hi 


i/rcncwra  every  Wednesday  evening* 
Cnnstto-Coast  NBC  Red  Network. 


What  a  life-saver!  That  week  end 
rest  puts  you  back  on  your  feet  just 
when  work  has  you  flat  on  your  back! 
Well,  why  not  give  your  throat  a  change. 
too?  Put  aside  your  regular  cigarettes 
and  smoke  only  KGDLS  over  the  week- 
end. The  bit  of  mild  menthol  in  'em 
cools  the  smoke,  soothes  and  really 
rests  your  throat.  Yet  all  the  enjoyment 


of  KGDL's  fine  Turkish-Domestic  to- 
bacco blend  is  kept.  Folks— there's  a 
lot  in  this  idea!  Try  it  once  and  see  it 
work!  Over  the  coming  week-end  — 
when  you  quit  work  and  relax — rest 
your  throat,  too  .  .  .  with  KGDLS  And 
see  how  much  better  your  throat  feels 
on  Monday!  P.S.  Save  that  golden  cou- 
pon, good  in  U.  S.  A.  for  premiums! 


COUPON  ON  EACH  PACK — 4  EXTRA  IN  CARTONS 


FISHING  TACKLE.  De  luxe  rods  and 
reels  for  bait  and  fly  casting.  Made  by 
Shakespeare.  .  .  .  475  to  600  coupons. 


DOUBLE  COMPACT.  Bronze.  Tapestry  inlay. 
Powder  compartment,  mirror,  light  or  dark 
cream  rouge  lOO  coupons. 


UNION  MADE 


Write  for  free  premium  book,  §15.Brown&  Williamson  Tobacco  Corp.  Box  599,  Louisville,  Ky. 

B  &  W  coupons  also  in  Raleigh  &  Viceroy  cigarettes  &  Big  Ben  smoking  tobacco 


PAGE  TWO 


Ex  iCtbrts 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


iHE  CAUSE  that  will  receive  the  pro- 
ceeds of  this  publication  is  one  that  merits  the 
respect  of  all  of  us,  and  we  are  pleased  to  be 


among  those  who  participate  in  its  support. 


PAGE  THREE 


The  Chesterfield  glove,  created  by  New  York's 
smart  designer  Merry  Hull. . . 

Original  and  different  too  is  Chesterfield's 

way  of  combining  the  world's  best  tobaccos  to  bring 
out  the  finer  qualities  of  each.  It's  the  Chesterfield  way 
and  that's  why  Chesterfields  are  milder  than  other 
cigarettes.  They  also  have  a  better  taste  and  more 
pleasing  aroma.  Chesterfields  really  satisfy 


HAND -AND  -  GLOVE  WITH 
MORE    SMOKING  PLEASURE 


Copyright  1939,  LIGGETT  it  MvLRb  Tobacco  Co. 


PAGE  FOUR 


THE 

NEW  YOKKEH 

25  West  4c3kd  5tiieet,  Nev  yokk 

A  weekly  journal  of  humor,  fiction 
fact  and  satire  .  .  .  read  tht 
world  over  by  civilized  people 


Fifteen  cents  a  copy  at  all  newsstands 
By  subscription  $5.00  for  one  year.  $7.00  for  two  years. 


For  an  Old  Fashioned  cocktail 
you'll  like,  use  Old  Overholt. 
This  great  straight  rye  is  rich  and 
robust . .  .  you  can  use  less  of  it 
without  thinning  its  flavor  or  rob- 
bing the  drink  of  character.  Try 
Old  Overholt— -a  man's  whiskey 
...full  100  proof.  As  different 
as  day  and  night... once  you 
learn,  you'll  never  forget. 

National  Distillers  Products  Corporation,  New  York 


YOUR  GUIDE  TO 


F-#d  Jr^Sl  "'810 


nto  in  u  a  pat  orr 


PAGE  SIX 


F°r  Keene*  Refreshment.. 

^ers  the  Smart  WorM'  r>  „ 
Because-^  Brisk.Bo^  S  C*»- 

*«  Pafe?oirg°rating  3C,io° 

w^ireg0odenfot^-ssyou 

95- Year  TV  j-  •         ,J  to  a 
And'Ls  sv',,0n0f(?UaJ-- 

«st  ls  thoroughly  a-ed 
T°  precisely  that  J  i       "  '  ' 

No  wonder  Pahst  Bjlle  RiM 

J«  the  Smart  World'  *" 

To  teener,  2es|rer  ?  S  paSSW°rd 
Th*  n        zes"er  living  . 


Pabst  BWE  R/BBol 


'■•'•'■•"..s.,..^..,:„lcw<) 


Just  can't  be  Weather-Beaten ! 


Just  like 
Betty  Petty  .  .  . 
Old  Golds  love  the 
April  Showers 
For  the  bloom  they 
Give  to  May  flowers. 
But  like  smart  Beth . 
Old  Golds  are 
Doubly  Protected 
Against  the 
Dampness 
That  steals  the 
Freshness  of  a 
Girl's  curls  or  a 
Cigarette. 
Working  together 
Like  slicker  and 
Umbrella  .  .  .  those  2 
Cellophane  jackets 
On  every  pack 
Just  can't  be 
Weather-beaten. 
They  keep  0.  Gs' 
Extra  choice,  extra 
Long-aged  tobaccos 
As  fresh  and  fragrant 
As  the  Tulips  of 
Spring  .  .  .  read)  to 
Delight  your 
2  lips  in  any 
Climate 
Anywhere ! 


ATTENTION!   YOU  PETTY  FANS! 

Send  10c  and  2  Old  Gold  wrappers  for  a 
beautiful  4-color  reproduction  of  this  pic- 
ture of  "Betty  Petty,"  without  adver- 
tising, suitable  for  framing.  Address:  OLD 
GOLD,  119  West  40th  St.,  New  York  City. 


For  Finer  fresher  Flavor  .  .  .  Smoke  Double-Mellow  Old  Golds 


ON  THE  AIR  every  week:  "Melody  and  Madness"  with  ROBERT  BENCHLEY  and  ARTIE  SHAW'S  Orchestra 


LORD     CALVERT    AND     SODA     AT    THE     CLUB  FAINTED     BY     LESLIE  SAALBUKi. 


LORD  CALVERT ..  .THE   MOST  EXPENSIVE  WHISKEY  BLENDED  IN  AMERICA 

» 

A  superlatively  smooth  and  mellow  whiskey,  "Custom-Blended" 
for  the  enjoyment  of  the  connoisseur.  It  can,  of  course,  he 
produced  only  in  limited  Quantity.  Each  hotllc  is,  there  fore, 
numhered   and   recorded   at   the   distillery  hy  Calvert. 

Lord  Calvert  "  CuMom-Blmdcd'''  Whiskey — 86.8  Proof.  The.  straight  whiskies  Kl  t'tis pro.lurt  arc  four  or  more  years  old.  30%  straight  whiskies:  5% 
other  whiskey,  18  years  old;  65%  grain  neutral  spirits.  2()"o  Straight  whiskies  four  Years  old,  10%  straight  whiskies  10  rears  ol  I.  y  i  other  whiskey 

] 8  years  old.  Copr.  1939  Calvert  Distillers  Corp.,  N.  Y.  C. 

Refuse  substitutes;  insist  on  Advertised  Brands! 


PAGE  NINE 


MEET  AMERICA'S 
NEW  CHEER 

LEADER! 


CALL  FOR  PHILIP  MORRIS!  Philip  Morris  is  a  cigarette  rec- 
Swiftly  it  spreads  across  America  —  ognized  by  eminent  medical  author- 
as  new  millions  take  up  Johnny's  call!  ities  for  its  advantages  to  the  nose 

And  the  reason  is  simple:  people  like  and  throat. 
Philip  Morris  —  enjoy  their  fine  tobac-       So  join  America's  new  cheer-leader 

cos  unmarred  by  throat  irritation.  . . .  and  you,  too  — 


CALL 
FOR 


AMERICA  S  FINEST  CIGARETTE 


EPITAPH 

TO  A 


IH4TATOK 


He  has  conquered  ivithout  vanquishing: 
He  has  triumphed  without  victory; 
He  has  lived  by  fear  and  in  fear; 
And  he  is  mourned  by  none. " 


Those  of  us  who  live  "The  American 
Way"  — we  who  firmly  believe  in  the  value 
and  rights  of  man  as  a  human  being  and 
measure  his  worth  to  the  commonweal  by 
his  willingness  to  help  his  neighbor —  find 
it  difficult  to  digest  many  of  the  happenings 
in  the  world  today. 

Here  in  the  Susquehanna  valley  in  New 
York  State,  twenty  thousand  Endicott- 
Johnson  workers  of  many  creeds  and  races 
live  in  perfect  harmony  and  peace. 
Through  their  combined  efforts  and  with 
the  unfailing  help  of  the  company,  they 


have  built  comfortable  homes  and  a  com- 
munity with  every  .modern  facility  for  the 
care  of  health,  the  development  of  the 
mind,  the  husbandry  of  family  content- 
ment, recreation  and  the  whole  pursuit 
of  happiness. 

We  cannot  reconcile  our  own  fortunate 
position  with  the  misery  abroad.  This  is 
the  reason  we  are  wholeheartedly  in 
sympathy  with  the  Palestine  movement 
to  find  homes,  employment  and  security 
for  those  who  have  temporarily  lost  these 
essentials  of  life. 


EIVDICOTT      .1  O  II  IV  IS  O  IV       •       E  N  HI  ('  O  T  T  .      NEW      Y  O  It  K 


PAGE  ELEVEN 


man  would  be  lesf  interested  in  seeing  a  printed 
record,  suck  as  this,  of  his  works  than  Harold  Jacobi 
himself.  Wis  interest  was  in  helping  others,  not  in 
being  praised  for  it.  Wis  manifold  activities  in  behalf 
of  Jewish  peoples  are  known  in  all  countries.  Wis 
great  heart  was  guided  btj  a  great  mind  and  spurred 
bif  an  eager  will  Wis- personal  resources  in  time, 
energy  and  money  were  given  without  stint  to  the 
cause  he  loved. 

Jn  the  passing  of  Harold  Jacobi,  Schenley  not 
only  lost  a  highly  respected president,  but  thousands 
who  knew  him  intimately  lost  a  belovedjriend.  Wis 
associates  here  are  comforted  by  the  knowledge  that 
his  memory  is  held  dear  in  the  hearts  of uncounted 
thousands  who  know  his  life  and  work. . 


Deration 


OCTOBER  I,  1884— DECEMBER  31,  1938 

One  of  the  initiators  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  project,  he  gave  devoted  leadership  and  untiring  effort 
to  its  realization.  The  completed  Pavilion  stands  as  an  eloquent  reminder  of  his  share  in  bringing  it  into  being. 


WHITE 
HORSE 

Never  Too  Heavy,  Never  Too  Light 
White  Horse  Always  Tastes  Just  Right 

Blended  Scotch  Whisky  86.8  proof.  Browne  Vintners  Co.,  Inc.,  N.  Y. 


WILSON  DISTILLING  CO..  INC..  NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 


PIPER-HEIDSIECK 


'to/. 


wm>  Hi 


IMPORTED 


***  12  years  old,  84  proof.  Louis XIII,  80  proof. 
V.S.O.P.  20  years  old,  80  proof. 


WHITE      SATIN  GIN 

London  Dry  or  de  luxe.  Both  90  proof.  Both  distilled  from  1007» 
grain  neutral  spirits.  Burnett's  Sloe  Gin,  60  proof. 


COINTREAU 


80  proof. 


BROWNE  VINTNERS  CO.,  Inc.  new  york  •  boston  •  Chicago  •  los  angeles  •  san  francisco 


PAGE  FOURTEEN 


Phone  Your  Doctor 


IF  QUICK-ACTING  BAYER  ASPIRIN 
FAILS  TO  RELIEVE  PAIN  FROM 

RHEUMATISM,  HEADACHE 

SIMPLY  DO  WHAT  YOU  SEE  IN  THESE  PICTURES 


This  method  used  by  millions — costs  but 
If  a  tablet — acts  in  a  hurry 

IF  YOU  SUFFER  from  headaches  or  other  muscular 
aches  and  pain  —  such  as  rheumatism,  neuritis  or 
neuralgia  —  then  take  a  few  seconds  to  look  at  the 
pictures  above,  and  keep  them  in  mind. 

Countless  thousands  have  found  that  the  simple 
method  pictured  brings  amazingly  fast  relief.  Some- 
times, if  pain  is  very  severe,  you  may  repeat  later,  ac- 
cording to  directions  in  every  package  of  Bayer  Aspirin. 

So  try  this  way  to  relieve  the  pain  first  —  then,  if 
headache  or  other  pain  keeps  coming  back,  see 
your  family  doctor.  Let  him  find  the  cause  and  give 
you  treatment. 

Why  Bayer  Aspirin  Works  So  Fast 

Genuine  Bayer  Aspirin  gives  quick  relief  for  two 
reasons  —  The  nature  of  the  pain-relieving  element 
comprising  Bayer  Aspirin  itself.  And  because  Bayer 
Tablets  disintegrate  in  the  stomach  in  a  few  seconds 


after  taking.  Thus  they  are  ready  to  "go  to  work" 
relieving  your  pain  or  ache  with  amazing  speed. 

Anyone  Can  Afford  the  Genuine 

It  costs  only  2^  or  3^  to  relieve  most  headaches  —  when 
you  get  the  new  economy  tin.  You  pay  only  25r  for  24 
tablets  —  about  l£  apiece. 

What  you  must  remember  is  to  ask  for  Bayer  Aspirin 
by  its  full  name  —  not  just  for  "aspirin."  You'll  say 
results  are  remarkable. 


15?  FOR  12  TABLETS 
2  FULL  DOZEN  25c 


PAGE  FIFTEEN 


By  all  means,  act  on  that  buying  impulse 
when  yon  see  a  lovely  fabric  identified 
as  BEMBERG"  Rayon  —  aristocrat  of 
man-made  yarns!  For  its  distinctive  tex- 
ture beauty  is  never  achieved  at  the 
expense  of  serviceability  —  thanks  to 
BEMBERG  Certified  Quality  .  .  .  Certi- 
fied for  your  protection  by  the  U.  S. 
Testing  Co.  only  after  exacting  tests  and 
check-tests  for  practical  wearing  qualities 
— your  assurance  of  enduring  loveliness! 

*Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Ofl. 


BEMBERG 


AMERICAN  JJJLjltllJl^ltVT  CORPORATION 
261  Fifth  Avenue  New  York 


NORTH  AMERICAN  RAyON 
For  the  woman  of  today,  in  tdc 
World  of  To  morrow  .  .  . 

American  women  demand  beauty  and  scrv= 
iccability .  .  .  they  find  both  in  fabrics  and  gar= 
ments  of  NORTH  AMERICAN  RAyON-an 
AMERICAN  product,  made  of  AMERICAN 
raw  materials  by  skilled  AMERICAN  labor. 


^TcTo^ 

To  distinguish  merchandise  especially  selected 
because  of  its  quality  and  style  importance, 
this  mark  of  excellence  is  used  on  outstanding 
ready=to=wear.  Look  for  the  "Key  to  Quality" 
in  your  favorite  store. 


And,  to  protect  the  established  reputation  of 
NORTH  AMERICAN  RAyON,  the  services  of 
UNITED  STATES  TESTING  COMPANY  are 
available  to  all  fabric  and  ready  =  to  =  wear 
manufacturers  using  NORTH  AMERICAN 
RAyON.  In  the  laboratory,  fabrics  are  tested 
carefully  and  all  merchandise  which  meets 
approved  standards  of  construction,  cleanabili= 
ty,  shrinkage  and  color  fastness  are  permitted  to 
carry  the  NORTH  AMERICAN  "certified  tag". 

"NORTH  AMERICAN"  is  the  registered  trademark  of 
NORTH  AMERICAN  RAYON  CORP.,  New  York 


PAGE  SIXTEEN 


OFFICIAL  PUBLICATION  OF  THE  JEWISH  PALESTINE  PAVILION  AT  THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD'S  FAIR  1939 


MEYER  W.  WEISGAL 

Art  Editor: 
ROBERT  PERLMAN 


The  Palestine  Book  addresses  itself  primarily  to  the  visitor  to  the  Jewish  Palestine 
Pavilion  at  the  New  York  World's  Fair  1939.  In  addition  to  serving  as  a  guide  to  the 
various  sections  of  the  Pavilion  this  volume  aims  to  supply  the  reader  with  the  back- 
ground needed  for  a  deeper  grasp  of  the  significance  of  the  exhibits.  Every  phase  of 
Palestine  development  to  which  space  is  devoted  in  the  Pavilion  is  represented  in  this 
book. 

To  encompass  even  the  basic  social,  economic  and  cultural  aspects  of  Jewish 
Edited  by  Palestine  within  the  framework  of  a  souvenir  book  proved  a  difficult  task,  and  neces- 

sitated limiting  the  scope  of  our  subject-matter  to  contemporary  Palestine  and  its 
phenomenal  development  during  the  last  five  decades. 

We  felt,  however,  that  inspection  of  the  exhibits  would  naturally  develop  in  the 
visitor  intellectual  curiosity  regarding  some  much-discussed  issues  which,  while 
transcending  the  immediate  relationship  between  the  Pavilion  and  this  book,  are  of 
profound  import  for  any  one  desiring  a  full  understanding  of  the  Jewish  Homeland 
today.  Such  questions  as  the  will  of  the  Jewish  people  to  return  to  Zion,  Arab  nation- 
alism versus  Jewish  nationalism,  the  economic  absorptive  capacity  of  Palestine  and 
the  political  role  of  England  with  respect  to  the  Jewish  Homeland  are  therefore  authori- 
tatively dealt  with  in  this  book. 

If  one  may  speak  of  an  editorial  policy  in  relation  to  a  souvenir  book,  one  might 
say  that  our  general  rule  has  been  to  include  here  only  authors  who  possess  an  inti- 
mate first-hand  knowledge  of  Palestine.  In  the  treatment  of  the  various  subjects  the 
specific  has  been  subordinated  to  the  characteristic,  and  every  effort  has  been  made 
to  avoid  technicality  without  sacrificing  informativeness,  and  to  maintain  a  true 
objectivity  of  tone. 

The  purpose  of  The  Palestine  Book  is  to  provide  an  extension  of  the  exhibit  con- 
tained in  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion.  If  those  who  will  visit  the  Pavilion  will  find  in 
these  pages  food  for  further  thought,  and  those  who  are  unable  to  see  the  exhibit  per- 
sonally will  find  here  a  substitute  for  its  presentations,  we  shall  feel  that  our  aim  has 
been  attained. 

To  Gershon  Agronsky,  editor  and  publisher  of  The  Palestine  Post  of  Jerusalem,  who, 
as  Palestine  Editor  of  this  book,  cooperated  in  the  gathering  of  some  of  the  material, 
appreciation  is  herewith  expressed. 


or 


Published  by  the  Pavilion  Publications,  Inc.,  for  the  American  Committee  for  Jewish  Palestine  Partici- 
pation at  the  New  York  World's  Fair  for  the  Benefit  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Building  Fund.  Editorial 
matter  copyright  by  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion;  photographs  copyright  by  Orient  Press  Photos  Co., 
Tel  Aviv,  Palestine.  Printed  in  the  U.  S.  A.  by  Ogden  Printing  Company,  Inc.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Copies 
of  this  book  can  be  ordered  at  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion,  New  York  World's  Fair. 


PAGE  SEVENTEEN 


Cs^/  in  the  age-old  Mediterranean  tradition  yet 
executed  in  a  straightforward  modern  technique,  with  a  simple  white 
building  group  centering  about  a  landscaped  courtyard,  the  Jewish 
Palestine  Pavilion  is  the  creation  of  four  men:  Arieh  EI-Hanani,  Chief 
Architect  and  Designer;  the  late  Norvin  R.  Lindheim,  Associate  Archi- 
tect, who  died  while  engaged  in  this  work;  Lee  Simonson,  Consultant 
Designer;  and  J.  J.  Levison,  Consultant  Landscape  Forester.  The 
exhibits  were  built  at  the  Levant  Fair  Studios,  Tel  Aviv,  Palestine. 


PAGE  EIGHTEEN 


(Conceive 


AMERICAN    COMMITTEE    FOR   JEWISH    PALESTINE  PARTICIPATION 

AT     THE     NEW     YORK     WORLD'S     FAIR     •  1939 


BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 
PALESTINE  EXHIBITS,  Inc. 


DR.  STEPHEN  S. 


WISE, 

Honorary  President 

GEORGE  BACKER,  Presidenf 

DR.  ISRAEL  GOLDSTEIN, 

Chairman  of  the  Board 

SIDNEY  B.  BECKER 

ISRAEL  B.  BRODIE 

MRS.  MAX  BLITZER 

MRS.  MOSES  P.  EPSTEIN 

DR.  SOLOMON  GOLDMAN 

SYLVAN  GOTSHAL 

ISAAC  HAMLIN 

ARTHUR  M.  LAMPORT 

JUDGE  LOUIS  E.  LEVINTHAL 

LOUIS  LIPSKY 

CHARLES  I.  ROSENBLOOM 

IOSEPH  SCHLOSSBERG 

JACOB  SINCOFF 

ABRAHAM  TULIN 

HARRY  A.  WOLF 


SAMUEL  BLITZ,  Secrefary 


ADVISORY  COUNCIL 

OSCAR  BERMAN 

Samuel  J.  Bloomingdale 

Rabbi  Barnett  R.  Brickner 

Morris  Eisenman 

Hon.  Mark  Eisner 

Judge  Harry  M.  Fisher 

Jacob  Fish  man 

Bernard  Flexner 

Leon  Gellman 

Mrs.  Israel  Goldstein 

Rabbi  James  Heller 

David  M.  Heyman 

Alexander  Kahn 

Louis  E.  Kirstein 

Mordecai  Konowitz 

Rabbi  Israel  H.  Levinthal 

Meyer  Levy 

Dr.  G.  A.  Lowenstein 

Solomon  Lowenstein 

Judge  Julian  W.  Mack 

Hirsch  Manishewitz 

Dr.  S.  Margoshes 

Morris  Margulies 

Hon.  George  Z.  Medalie 

Louis  Nizer 

Louis  S.  Posner 

Dr.  Nathan  Ratnoff 

Judge  Hyman  J.  Reit 

Simon  H.  Rifkind 

Louis  Rimsky 

James  N.  Rosenberg 

Judge  Morris  Rothenberg 

Michael  Schaap 

Hon.  Albert  D.  Schanzer 

Max  J.  Schneider 

Rabbi  Samuel  Schulman 

Louis  Segal 

Julius  Simon 

Hon.  Elihu  D.  Stone 

Robert  Szold 

Sigmund  Thau 

Dr.  Israel  Wechslek 

Morris  Weinberg 

Dr.  Alexander  Wolf 


ith  the  opening  of  the  Jewish  Palestine 
Pavilion  the  American  sponsors  turn  over  the  keys  of  this  exhibit  to 
the  Jewish  Agency  for  Palestine,  on  whose  behalf  this  Pavilion  was 
built. 

The  hope  of  the  American  sponsors  will  have  been  fulfilled  if 
those  who  visit  the  Pavilion  will  derive  from  it  some  understanding 
of  what  the  devotion  and  the  courage  and  the  energy  of  the  Jewish 
settlers  in  Palestine  have  accomplished.  These  accomplishments 
have  a  significance  beyond  the  fact  of  their  being.  For  in  a  world 
in  which  great  sections  of  the  human  race  seem  to  have  lost  sight  of 
the  objective  of  life  itself  these  Jewish  efforts  in  Palestine  re-empha- 
size a  direction  which  is  in  great  danger  of  being  lost. 

That  this  Pavilion  should  be  a  part  in  a  Fair  dedicated  to  the 
World  of  1  omorrow  adds  sharpness  and  poignancy  to  its  sig- 
nificance. 

Important  as  we  believe  it  is,  the  Pavilion  could  not  have  been 
realized  without  the  cooperation  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  Chairman  of  the  Board,  Dr.  Israel  Goldstein,  and  the 
collaboration  of  the  leaders  and  rank  and  file  of  the  affiliated  organi- 
zations. The  resourcefulness,  ingenuity  and  resolute  optimism  of 
Meyer  W.  Weisgal,  director  of  this  unci  ertalc  ing,  have  been  an 
important  component  in  the  completion  of  the  Pavilion. 


Meyer  W.  Weisgal 
Director 


(jeorge  i3acker 


PAGE  NINETEEN 


e  a  matter  of  great 
out  of  the  world  War  ^ablishment  of  a 

Homeland  ' of  the  ™'ld'     *„  a  leading 

W,  Sla'a  "the^Unlted  St  ateePlaY  ^  of 

°ole  h°W  °The  formal  terms  of  De 

r°     inent  Wilson-     Tn*       so-oalled  Bali  muoh  to 

president  war,  tne  =>  nd  he  n»  ,v.=P_ 

sion  Tfhis  personal  ePP/^Ueaty.    ™e  ^ra- 
tion, had  his  v  tw  peace  Balfour  Deoia 
^Yunln^ous  endorsement  of^^  states  Congress 

« >ot*  "Vf  the 

fUf  "op      in  ^%PThPe°Smoral  obligation 
Amerioan  peePif  ument  0f  the  m 

and  in  i      volved.  ,nce  the 

„hioh  it  Palestine  since  h 

lay  behl^elopment  m  Pa;  tribute  to  the  cr 
Jewish  develop  Qnly  a  trio  bringmg  gr 

Declaration  is  n  peopl  ,  but    Y  ted  the 

powers  of  the  J  sacred  ^      hereof . 

advancement  into  inhabitants 

1  Sine! 


'efs  of  Palestine, 
the  progress 


Ur"«  or  TM_  i. 


-  SMITH 


1939- 


,.  The  Je,.,^  P  ,  10nal  excosition 

^5SV3£ asa  was  ■«  - 

Th  ,  they  found  bacJoiarrt  „   ,    Ve'  ln  °nly  a 

*11  I      PiCtUre  <*  JeWish  .  ,  ■  ™tivated 

us>  but  also  w      rehabilitation         '.  Kot  only  because  S  oae  " 

hind,  havp  .  ,  °ause  Americans    *V      61nfi  d°ne  is  a  7«        ^  co"ntry  tn 

to  col nni -3  be.IleT*  that  the   ^  t0  l0rt 


r  v  „  ™ve  ^  order  *„        "ul"e  effort 

t,,      ,        1  believe  th«t  "-fcer  to  succeed 

to  colonize  *  i„  1  tf|e  present-*  • 

^n  "HI  brL^3*^^  centers. C™  fina^w  ho 
ooint  the  ^^,3*5—  t-ve  acco^J^  the  ^-nstr^!^^-  ^ 
country,  whic,  Ts  !i:0rk  Which  %  £>recla*»**  S  ^  PaTiI- 

-  ^ — ;r: i°  -  *k~  - 

-  ^r^s,"  -rsvss  r^s- 

aughts  now  being 


EXECUTIVE  MANSION 
ALBANY 


-  Ar,  thp  oro^ress  of 
T  have  been  interested  in  the  p  o 
t    ««£  Palestine  Pavilion  at  tne  «  before 
the  Jewish  PaA~„"  Hibit  designed  to  orin& 
World's  Fair,  graphic  portrayal  of  the 

the  American  public  a  6***1  pioneers  in  the  HOiy 
J^dStlve  achievements  of  plo  exhibit  will  be 
t  T  am  coniioenu  Th     exhibit  as  an 

P,°ntf Se  of °grea0tmslSgnificance. 
should  be  or  g  econom- 
ic will.  I  ^"SUe.Tf^aSStlS  as  a 
«o  and  social  possibilities  or  r  h&yp  been 

the  occasion  of  one  or 
Fair. 


GREET 


■ 


ESTINE  EXHIBIT  AT  INTER- 
NATIONAL EXPOSITION 
IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 


.(^Aorplv  yours, 
Very  slncerej.^ 


±S  here  is  probably  no  one  in  the  con- 
temporaneous world  who  can  lay  claim 
to  the  title  of  "The  Spokesman  of  the 
Jewish  People"  as  clearly  as  Dr.  Chaim 
Weizmann,  President  of  the  World  Zionist 
Organization  and  of  the  Jewish  Agency. 
One  purpose,  pursued  single-mindedly  for 
nearly  half  a  century,  has  dominated  his 
life  to  restore  his  homeless  people  to  its 
land  The  realization  of  this  purpose  called 
for  two-fold  gifts,  those  of  the  practical 
statesman  and  those  of  the  expositor  At 
one  time  or  another  Dr  Weizmann  has 
pleaded  the  cause  of  the  Jews  in  every 
civilized  country,  explaining  the  funda- 
mentals of  the  problem  to  non-Jews,  while 
exhorting  his  fellow-Jews  to  resolute  self- 
help  through  the  rebuilding  of  Palestine. 
In  writing  this  general  foreword  to  the 
book  of  the  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the 
World's  Fair,  Dr  Weizmann  has  followed 
the  lines  of  his  famous  plea  before  the 
British  Royal  Commission  of  1936-1937.  It 
is  a  searching  analysis  of  the  nature  of 
the  Jewish  tragedy,  and  a  vindication  of 
the  program  of  the  Jewish  homeland.  For 
those  whom  the  Exposition  will  move  to  a 
serious  study  of  Jewish  affairs  this  will 
serve  as  a  fitting  introduction. 


JEWRY'S  DNDYING  YEARNING 
FOR  ^a®S^ 

By  CHAIM  WEIZMANN 

THE  visitor  to  the  Palestine  Pavilion  of  the  New  York  World's 
Fair,  who  has  seen  the  plastic  representation  of  the  Jewish 
Homeland  in  Palestine,  and  who  has  paused  over  the  variety 
and  volume  of  its  achievements,  must  inevitably  be  stirred  by  a 
certain  human  curiosity  regarding  the  sources  and  origins  of  this 
phenomenon.  Whether  he  be  Jew  or  Gentile,  student  of  public  affairs 
or  casual  observer,  he  can  hardly  refrain  from  asking  himself:  How 
has  this  new  center  of  life  come  about?  Who  were  the  men  and 
women  responsible  for  its  creation?  By  what  forces,  by  what  hopes, 
fears  and  incentives,  were  they  moved?  What  relation  is  there  be- 
tween this  land-in-the-making  and  the  Jewish  problem? 

He  who  seeks  to  understand  what  it  is  that  underlies  the  emergence  of  the  New  Palestine 
must  begin  by  an  examination  of  certain  fundamentals.  Among  these  are,  the  homelessness 
of  the  Jewish  people,  the  unbroken  and  unbreakable  bond  of  sentiment  between  the  Jewish 
people  and  Palestine,  the  transformation  of  frustrated  city  dwellers  into  bands  of  pioneers, 
and  the  liberation  of  constructive  energies  which  results  from  moral  liberation.  These  are 
the  spiritual  realities  which  precede  and  explain  the  physical  realities  here  represented. 

The  Jewish  problem  may  perhaps  be  expressed  in  that  simple  word:  homelessness.  It  is 
true  that  many  individual  Jews,  and  groups  of  Jews,  may  have  homes,  and  even  comfortable 
homes.  But  those  areas  of  the  world  within  which  this  statement  is  true  have  been  shrinking 
with  horrible  swiftness  in  recent  years,  while  side  by  side  with  this  shrinkage  of  the  zone  of 
safety,  there  has  been  a  corresponding  closing  of  gates.  It  may  be  said  that  as  far  as  the 
Jews  are  concerned,  the  world  is  divided  into  two  parts:  countries  in  which  they  cannot  live, 
and  countries  which  they  cannot  enter. 

Undoubtedly  the  most  frightful  instance  of  determination  to  make  life  impossible  for  Jews 
is  Germany.  Here  was  a  Western  Jewish  community,  in  a  civilized  state,  to  all  intents  and 
purposes  an  integral  part  of  the  state.  There  were  Jewish  settlements  on  the  Rhine  which 
antedated  the  Prussian  settlements.  The  contribution  made  by  German  Jews  to  modern 
Germany  is  attested  by  a  galaxy  of  names  of  international  repute.  And  in  a  single  day  this 
community  has  been  destroyed. 

This  contrast,  this  overnight  destruction,  has  imparted  to  the  fate  of  German  Jewry  a 
dramatic  guality  which  has  tended  to  distract  attention  from  other  calamities,  some  of  which 
are  wider  in  scope.  The  Jews  of  Germany  numbered,  at  the  time  when  their  annihilation 
was  decreed,  some  six  hundred  thousand.  But  nearly  three  and  a  half  million  Jews  in  Poland 
are  scarcely  in  better  case.  Not  long  ago  Colonel  Beck,  the  Polish  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  made  the  statement — and  he  has  reiterated  it  on  numerous  occasions — that  "there 
are  a  million  Jews  too  many  in  Poland."  It  would  be  useless  to  ask  Colonel  Beck  why  exactly 
a  million  Jews.  They  are  citizens  of  Poland;  they  have  been  connected  with  its  destinies  for 
well-nigh  a  thousand  years.  Why  should  fhey  be  singled  out  as  being  a  million  too  many? 
No  doubt  the  elementary  facts  concerning  the  closed  gates  of  the  world  are  as  well  known 
to  Colonel  Beck  as  to  any  other  intelligent  newspaper  reader.  What  then  does  he  mean  by 
his  statement?  Where  can  the  Jews  of  Poland  go?  Is  there  any  place  in  the  world  which  can 
rapidly  absorb  a  million  people,  whoever  they  may  be,  Jewish  or  non-Jewish?  No  gates  will 
be  opened  by  Colonel  Beck's  statement;  but  a  certain  effect  is  undoubtedly  produced  within 
Poland  itselt.  The  Polish  peasant,  hearing  his  own  government  make  this  pronouncement, 
is  bound  to  give  it  this  interpretation:  "Here  is  a  superfluous  people,  standing  in  my  way, 
which  must  be  got  rid  of  somehow." 

Between  them  Poland  and  Germany  account  for  some  four  million  Jews.  But  if  one  goes 
further  afield,  and  takes  the  Jewries  of  Roumania,  Latvia,  Lithuania,  and  what  were  yester- 
day Austria  and  Czechoslovakia,  one  sees  practically  the  same  picture.  In  this  part  of  the 
world  alone  nearly  seven  million  people  are  pent  up  in  places  where  they  are  not  wanted. 

Nor  is  it  any  consolation  that  some  of  the  forces  which  have  produced  this  situation  are 
objective  and  impersonal.  When  Poland  formed  part  of  the  Russian  Empire  it  was  the  bridge 
between  the  vast  Russian  domain  and  the  West  of  Europe.  Jews  lived  on  this  bridge  and 
their  occupations  consisted  in  trade,  commerce  and  industry — particularly  small  industries. 


PAGE  TWENTY-THREE 


S9 


There  were  thousands  of  these.  There  were,  in  those  days,  at  least 
100,000  Jewish  families  in  the  big  centers  of  Warsaw,  Lodz  and 
Lublin  who  had  established  an  industry  which,  measured  by  West 
European  standards,  may  have  been  primitive,  but  which  was  a 
vital  necessity  to  Russia.  The  needle  industries  were  in  Jewish 
hands.  Many  textile  factories,  large  and  small,  were  established  by 
Jews.  The  Jewish  manufacturer  sent  his  goods  as  far  as  the  Cau- 
casus and  the  Chinese  wall;  the  whole  of  Siberia  was  open  to  him. 
But  with  the  advent  of  the  War  and  of  tariff  walls,  and  with  the 
formation  of  Soviet  Russia,  this  market  disappeared;  the  industry 
which  was  turned  Eastward  could  not  turn  Westward,  because  Ger- 
many lay  there.  Another  objective  factor  was  the  emergence  of  a  Polish  middle  class  in 
the  new  state.  Furthermore,  the  state  of  agriculture  in  Poland  was  such  that  the  Polish 
peasantry  began  to  migrate  to  the  towns,  and  the  function  which  was  formerly  discharged 
by  the  Jews  was  taken  over  by  the  Poles,  who  are  encouraged  and  assisted  by  the  state, 
which  monopolizes  important  branches  of  trade — the  liquor  trade,  the  timber  trade  and  the 
grain  trade  are  gradually  becoming  state  concerns. 

Thus  the  Jews  are  being  displaced,  and  that  is  the  inner  meaning  of  Colonel  Beck's  state- 
ment that  there  are  one  million  too  many  Jews  in  Poland.  They  are  too  many  because  their 
place  is  being  taken  by  the  Poles.  The  same  process,  on  perhaps  a  smaller  scale,  is  being 
repeated  in  other  states. 

If  we  turn  to  the  West,  we  are  relieved  to  see  that  the  material  or  economic  problem  of  the 
Jew  is  not  as  acute  as  in  the  East.  But  that  uneasy  feeling,  which  was  once  confined  to  areas 
beyond  the  Vistula,  has  now  crossed  the  Rhine.  It  infiltrates  into  countries  which  were 
at  one  time  wholly  alien  to  it.  And  what  adds  to  the  sense  of  insecurity  is  the  tragedy  of 
German  Jewry;  that  has  become  a  sort  of  writing  on  the  wall  for  the  Western  communities. 

Let  us  hope  that  democracy  will  be  strong  enough  to  repulse  these  attacks  upon  its 
strongholds,  and  that  the  threat  is  an  empty  one.  Yet  the  specter  cannot  be  laid  alto- 
gether. Only  recently,  when  Monsieur  Blum  was  elected  in  France,  I  walked  through  the 
streets  of  Paris  and  I  heard  the  familiar  cry:  "Mort  aux  ]uits!"  Death  to  the  Jews!  It  is  a 
dreadful  feeling  to  know  that  one  is  always  liable  to  become  an  object  of  scrutiny,  that 
one  is  being  dissected  and  watched,  that  one's  right  to  live  may  be  challenged  at  any 
moment. 

All  of  these  elements,  the  objective,  the  psychological,  the  historical,  the  accidental  and 
the  deliberate,  go  into  the  make-up  of  that  situation  v/hich  is  described  by  the  one  word: 
Homelessness.  In  all  the  countries  of  their  adoption  the  Jews  have  done  their  best;  but 
there  have  always  remained  countries  in  which  they  are  not  accepted,  in  which  they 
apparently  will  never  be  accepted,  as  an  integral  part  of  the  community.  The  conscious- 
ness of  this  reality  has  penetrated  to  wider  and  wider  circles  of  Jewry  today;  but  it  is  by 
no  means  new.  This  consciousness  is  one  of  the  factors  which  have  prompted  Jews  through- 
out the  ages,  and  particularly  in  the  last  hundred  years,  to  make  a  contribution  to  the 
problem,  to  attempt  to  normalize  their  own  position.  The  word  normalize  is  appropriate 
here,  because  the  condition  is  one  of  chronic  abnormality.  Here  is  a  people  which  is  a 
minority  everywhere,  a  majority  nowhere,  which  is  to  some  extent  identical  with  the  races 
amongst  which  it  lives,  and  yet  not  identical.  It  is,  in  a  sense,  a  disembodied  ghost  of  a 
people.  This,  perhaps,  is  why  it  inspires  suspicion,  and  suspicion  breeds  hatred. 

There  should  be  one  place  in  God's  wide  world  where  we  Jews  could  live  and  express 
ourselves  in  accordance  with  our  character,  and  make  our  contribution  to  the  civilized 
world  in  our  own  way  and  through  our  own  channels.  Perhaps  we  would  be  better  under- 
stood then,  and  our  relations  with  other  peoples  would  become  more  normal.  We  would 
not  always  and  everywhere  have  to  be  on  the  defensive — one  of  the  consequences  of  our 
perpetual  minority  status. 

These  are  the  moral  considerations  which,  fused  with  the  hard  facts  of  economic  and 
political  strangulation,  must  be  added  to  the  picture.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  among  the 
millions  of  Jews  trapped  in  the  lands  of  oppression  a  visa  for  Palestine  is  considered  the 
greatest  boon  that  can  fall  to  one's  lot?  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  highest  piece  of  good 
fortune  is  the  possession  of  that  slip  of  paper  which  admits  the  bearer  to  a  land  where  he 
can  live  in  freedom,  straighten  himself  up  and  look  with  open  eyes  at  the  world  and  at  his 
fellow  men  and  women? 

Yet  it  would  be  quite  false  to  assume  that  persecution  alone,  and  all  that  it  implies  of 
homelessness,  hunger  and  wretchedness,  would  have  sufficed  to  produce  in  thousands  of 
Jews  the  will-power,  the  initiative  and  the  endurance  which  have  built  up  the  modern  Pales- 
tine of  which  this  Pavilion  is  a  miniature.  It  is  here  that  we  must  introduce  the  second 
fundamental  of  the  problem — the  unbroken  and  unbreakable  bond  of  sentiment  between 
the  Jewish  people  and  Palestine.    For  the  Jews  have  never  forgotten  the  land  of  their 


PAGE  TWENTY-FOUR 


origin;  for  better  or  worse  they  have  displayed  in  this  respect  a 
steadfastness  which  has  not  its  like  in  the  history  of  mankind.  It  is 
this  steadfastness  which  has  preserved  the  Jews  throughout  the  ages 
and  throughout  a  career  that  is  almost  one  long  chain  of  inhuman 
suffering,  this  which  has  enabled  them  to  survive  their  Babylonian 
and  Roman  conquerors.  Nor  was  the  bond  merely  psychological 
and  sentimental.  It  is  a  simple  and  historical  fact  that  whenever 
Jews  were  given  the  slightest  chance,  they  returned  to  Palestine  in 
considerable  numbers;  there  they  created  towns,  villages,  communi- 
ties, religious  and  literary  values.  During  the  nineteen  centuries 
which  have  passed  since  the  destruction  of  Palestine  as  a  Jewish 
entity,  there  was  not  a  single  century  in  which  the  Jews  did  not  attempt  to  come  back. 

Therefore  it  is  a  fallacy  to  assume  that  these  nineteen  centuries  were  a  desert  of  time. 
When  the  material  props  of  the  Jewish  commonwealth  were  destroyed,  the  Jews  carried 
Palestine  in  their  hearts  and  heads  wherever  they  went.  They  expressed  this  living  and 
passionate  attachment  in  their  ritual  and  their  prayers.  In  the  far-off  Western  world  the 
Jews  pray  for  dew  in  the  summer  and  for  rain  in  the  winter,  and  their  festivals  are  based  on 
the  Palestinian  seasons.  When  Rome  destroyed  the  Jewish  state,  the  intellectual  leader 
of  the  scattered  community  came  before  the  triumphant  commander  and  said:  "You 
have  scattered  our  material  possessions  to  the  winds;  give  us,  I  pray,  some  refuge  for  our 
houses  of  learning."  A  refuge  was  found — and  the  place  still  exists.  Once  it  was  an 
important  city,  by  the  name  of  Jabneh;  today  it  is  a  little  railroad  village,  Yebna.  There 
the  Jews  founded  their  schools  and  continued  their  intellectual  output.  And  these  schools 
became  the  homes  not  only  of  Palestinian  Jewry,  but  of  Jewry  at  large.  They  replaced  the 
material  and  political  Palestine  by  a  moral  Palestine  which  is  indestructible;  and  this 
yearning  found  its  expression  in  a  great  literature,  sacred  and  secular. 

But  the  material  movements  toward  Palestine  never  ceased.  In  the  Middle  Ages,  when 
a  friendly  Moslem  world  gave  shelter  to  the  persecuted  Jewries  of  Spain,  a  great  com- 
munity sprang  up  in  Tiberias,  which  was  rebuilt  by  a  Jew  who  had  become  influential  at 
the  Turkish  court  It  was,  so  to  speak,  the  Tel  Aviv  of  that  age.  Destroyed  by  Arabs,  it 
came  to  life  yet  again,  rebuilt  once  more  by  the  Jews.  Four  Jewish  centers  flourished  in 
Palestine:  Hebron,  Jerusalem,  Safad  and  Tiberias.  Sometimes  the  inhabitants  of  a  single 
community  numbered  twenty  thousand,  a  considerable  aggregation  for  that  time.  Only 
once,  when  Palestine  was  at  its  lowest  ebb,  during  the  Crusades  and  the  Tartar  invasions, 
was  the  connection  interrupted.  Apart  from  these  hundred  and  twenty  years,  there  was 
never  a  time  when  Jews  did  not  maintain  the  thread  of  Palestinian  life,  not  only  in  their 
prayers  and  their  sentiments,  but  by  actual  settlements  there. 

It  is  well  to  bear  these  facts  in  mind,  not  simply  as  historical  curiosities,  but  as  the 
evidence  of  the  continuity  and  reality  of  Palestine  in  the  life  of  the  Jewish  people.  They 
serve  to  indicate  from  what  depths  of  the  folk  consciousness  rises  the  affirmative  impulse 
toward  the  rebuilding  of  Palestine.  It  is  an  impulse  which  must  be  respected  because  it 
stands  guard  over  the  Jewish  character,  and  provides  the  Jewish  people  with  sources  of 
strength  without  which  their  despair  would  be  complete.  So  significant,  so  real  is  this 
connection  with  Palestine,  that  it  must  be  looked  upon  as  a  major  asset,  an  inheritance  of 
resistance  and  hope  which  cannot  be  assessed  in  terms  of  material  wealth.  It  was  with 
the  instinctive  realization  of  the  incomparable  value  of  this  asset  that  the  Zionist  move- 
ment, when  offered,  early  in  its  history,  another  territory  than  Palestine,  respectfully 
declined  it.  It  was  in  the  year  1903  that  the  English  statesman,  Joseph  Chamberlain,  sug- 
gested Uganda  as  a  territory  for  Jewish  colonization.  The  Jews  said  "No."  And  their 
reason  was  simple.  "It  is  not  Palestine,  and  it  will  never  become  Palestine."  This  tenacity 
of  purpose,  this  steadfastness,  was  not  a  blind  fixation.  It  was  an  awareness  of  the 
inestimable  psychological  resources  which  the  name  of  Palestine  could  tap  within  the 
Jewish  people. 

Time  and  history  have  justified  this  rejection.  In  1917  the  British  government  made  a 
second  offer  to  the  Jewish  people — and  it  was  Palestine,  the  magnetic  center  of  Jewish 
national  life.  It  would  be  difficult  to  establish  a  great  difference  between  our  needs  in 
1917,  when  the  Balfour  Declaration  was  issued,  and  our  needs  in  1903,  when  Uganda  was 
refused.  It  is  true  that  in  1917  great  masses  of  Jewry  had  been  uprooted  by  the  war,  and 
tens  of  thousands  of  men,  women  and  children  were  huddling  in  shell-torn  villages  or 
wandering  blindly  along  roads  that  led  nowhere.  But  in  1903  the  vicious  Czarist  pogroms 
had  fallen  like  a  thunderbolt  on  Russian  Jewry.  The  offer  of  Uganda  was  made  in  a  time 
of  bitter  need;  but  even  a  harassed  and  desperate  Jewry  could  not  accept  it.  But  the 
Balfour  Declaration  sent  a  thrill  of  hope  and  acquiesence  through  millions  of  Jews.  Once 
again  the  Palestine  passion  was  awakened. 

When  we  look  back  upon  these  last  two  decades  or  more,  and  sum  up  the  achievements 

{Continued  on  page  102) 


69 

£3 


PAGE  TWENTY-FIVE 


4 


PALESTINE 


Jl)  THE  JEWISH 
NATIONAL  HOME 


Reader: 
People: 
Reader: 


People: 


Because  of  the  palace  which  is  deserted — 
We  sit  alone  and  weep. 

Because  of  the  Temple  which  is  destroyed, 
Because  of  the  walls  which  are  broken  down. 
Because  of  the  majesty  which  is  departed, 

Because  of  the  precious  stones  of  the  Temple  ground  to  powder, 
Because  of  our  priests  who  have  erred  and  gone  astray, 
Because  of  our  Kings  who  have  condemned  God, 
We  sit  alone  and  weep. 

— Reading  before  the  Wailing  Wall,  Jerusalem. 


By  JOHN  GUNTHER 


^^IONISM  is,  as  every  one  should  know,  as  old  as  Moses.  Even  if  Moses  him- 
>  \<  self  did  not  reach  the  Promised  Land,  he  first  emphasized  the  concrete 
/^^^  political  actuality  of  the  need  of  Jews  to  possess  geographical  borders, 
to  have  for  themselves  that  most  essential  of  all  things  —  a  homeland.  Modern 
Zionism  began  in  the  late  19th  century  with  the  teaching  of  Theodor  Herzl.  He 
sought  to  save  Jews  from  the  pogroms  of  Russian  and  Central  Europe,  to  counteract 
the  assimilation  of  Jews  in  Western  countries,  and  to  found  in  the  Holy  Land,  the 
only  possible  place,  a  national  home  for  the  Jewish  people.  Herzl  organized  the 
World  Zionist  Organization,  and  the  first  Zionist  Congress  was  held  in  Basle  in  1897. 

During  the  Great  War  came  the  Balfour  Declaration,  of  date  November  2,  1917. 
This  document,  battered  by  events  as  it  has  been,  remains  Zionist  scripture.  The 
British  promulgated  it  partly  for  humanitarian  reasons,  partly  on  account  of  the 
exigencies  of  the  war,  and  partly  because  of  the  curious  acci- 
dent that  Dr.  Chaim  Weizmann,  the  Zionist  leader,  was  a  cele- 
brated chemist.  The  British  wanted  profoundly  to  influence 
Jewish  opinion,  both  in  the  United  States  and  among  the  sub- 
merged Jewish  populations  of  the  Central  Powers,  to  the  side 
of  the  allies.  When  the  Balfour  Declaration  was  issued,  for 
instance,  thousands  of  copies  were  smuggled  into  the  enemy 
countries,  so  the  Jewish  peoples  in  Germany  and  Eastern 
Europe  might  see  the  allies  as  their  savior. 

Today  the  Jewish  problem  has  far  outdistanced  anything  even 
remotely  envisaged  in  1917.  The  events  in  Germany  and  Cen- 
tral Europe  since  the  rise  of  Hitler  have  focused  a  blazing  and 
savage  spotlight  on  the  intolerable  plight  of  Jews.  The  refugee 
problem  has  become  an  enormously  pressing  and  tragic  con- 
temporary phenomenon.  Jews  by  the  million,  guilty  of  no  crime 
except  that  they  are  Jews,  are  homeless,  destitute,  starving. 
What  is  left  of  civilization  in  the  world  recoils  in  successive 
shocks  as  new  and  pitiless  outrages  against  Jews  are  per- 
petrated. The  Jewish  question,  as  it  was  said  in  London  recently,  has  become  a 
non-Jewish  question.  The  desperation  of  the  Jewish  position  is,  or  should  be,  a 
preoccupation  of  all  decent  mankind. 

This  serves  to  make  the  Zionist  experiment  in  Palestine  a  more  cogent  and 
intimate  issue  than  it  has  ever  been  before.  Zionism,  if  it  could  be  made  to  work, 
might  solve  the  Jewish  problem.  Let  us  explore. 

The  basic  facts  of  the  Palestine  deadlock  are  known  to  every  one.  Very  briefly 
we  may  recapitulate  them.  The  Balfour  Declaration  did  not  install  the  Jewish 
national  home  in  a  vacuum;  it  installed  it  in  what  was  in  effect  an  Arab  country. 
It  did  not  install  the  Jewish  national  home  in  a  territory  remote  from  political  con- 
tingencies like,  say,  Alaska;  it  installed  it  in  a  section  of  the  world  which  for 
generations  had  been  the  focus  of  a  fierce  imperialist  struggle. 

But  Zionism  could  not  have  been  installed  anywhere  else.  Palestine  is  the  Jewish 
National  Home.  I  quote  from  A  Primer  on  Palestine:  "Even  during  the  exile  in 
Babylon  the  Jews  said,  'How  can  we  sing  the  Lord's  song  in  a  strange  land?'  For  the 
last  two  thousand  years  every  Jew  has  said  at  Passover:  'Next  year  in  Jerusalem.'  " 

(Continued  on  page  127) 


PAGE  TWENTY-SEVEN 


THE  BIBLE 


f 


w 


By  STEPHEN  S.  WISE 


N  the  course  of  the  hear- 
ings before  the  British 
Royal  Commission,  famil- 
iarly known  as  the  Peel  Com- 
mission, David  Ben  Gurion  made  the  startling  but 
incontrovertible  statement  that  "Our  claim  to  Pales- 
tine derives  not  from  the  Balfour  Declaration  but 
from  the  Hebrew  Bible."  The  Hebrew  Bible  is  the 
Jewish  charter  to  Palestine.  Jewish  history  is  the 
story  of  the  centuries,  throughout  which  that  charter 
was  translated  into  the  realities  of  life  and  service 
by  the  Jewish  people.  Their  greatness  was,  of 
course,  incommensurate  with  the  narrow  area  of 
Palestine. 

There  came  a  time  in  the  first  century  when  the 
deed  of  Titus  violated  the  High  Altar  of  Jerusalem, 
and  ended  the  national  tenancy  of  Palestine  by  the 
Jewish  people.  The  expulsion  was  never  complete, 
as  witnessed  by  the  glorious  insurrection  nearly  a 
century  later  under  a  Jewish  immortal,  Bar  Kochba. 
The  charter  could  not  be  annulled.  Though  for  cen- 
turies the  dominant  population  of  Palestine  was  not 
Jewish,  every  memory,  every  tradition,  every  hope 
of  the  Jew  throughout  eighteen  hundred  years  con- 
tinued to  be  bound  up  with  the  future  Jewish  re- 
settlement of  Palestine.  Only  for  a  little  time — about 
half  a  century — did  one  erring  group  imagine  that 
it  must  surrender  its  will  to  rebuild  Zion.  That  gen- 
eration for  the  most  part  has  passed  away,  and 
"Mein  Kampf"  may  be  said  to  be  its  reguiem.  Be- 
fore Herzl,  but  most  especially  after  Herzl's  day  the 
Jewish  resettlement  of  Palestine  began,  resulting 
through  infinite  toil  and  devotion  in  the  miracle  of 
the  Palestine  of  our  day.  What  a  thousand  years 
of  Arab  wastefulness  and  wantonness  of  misgov- 
ernment  could  not  effect,  one  generation  of  Jewish 
life  and  planning  has  done  for  Palestine,  resultant 
in  its  becoming,  on  the  one  hand,  the  garden  of  the 
Near  East  and,  on  the  other,  the  center  of  Jewish 
light  and  learning. 


On  November  2,  1917,  Great  Britain,  with  the  con- 
currence of  our  own  country,  recognized  the  unim- 
pairable  right  of  the  Jewish  people  to  Palestine  in 
the  terms  of  the  Balfour  Declaration.   This  affirmed 
the  right  of  self-determination  to  one 
,  of  the  oldest  and  proudest  and  most 

scattered  and  numerically  least  of 
peoples.  In  the  twenty-two  years 
from  1917  to  1939  a  unigue  achievement  had  come 
to  pass — a  waste  land  re-established,  not  in  the 
terms  of  primitive  colonial  resettlement  but  in  the 
terms  of  such  upbuilding  as  has  made  of  Palestine 
once  again  a  center  of  the  world's  desire. 

Our  claim  to  Palestine  rests  upon  the  charter  of 
the  Bible.  History  supports  it.  Jewish  need  renews 
that  charter.  Jewish  capacity  will  vindicate  it.  Our 
claim  to  Palestine  is  of  divine  gift.  Human  cove- 
nants may  only  confirm;  human  will  cannot  annul 
the  Jewish  claim.  No  truer  statement  of  the  Jewish 
case  for  Palestine  has  been  made  than  by  the 
Academic  Senate  of  the  Hebrew  University  of  Jeru- 
salem, which  recently  declared: 

"From  the  days  of  the  Patriarchs  to  this  day  the 
Jewish  people  has  been  bound  to  Palestine  by  his- 
toric bonds  which  have  been  recognized  in  the 
Mandate  entrusted  to  Great  Britain  bv  the  League 
of  Nations.  The  place  of  Palestine  in  the  history  of 
mankind  is  based  upon  the  fact  that  here  Israel  be- 
came a  Nation — the  Nation  which,  through  its  Bible 
and  Prophets,  gave  to  the  land  its  universal  signifi- 
cance. 

"During  the  two  thousand  years  of  dispersion  the 
Jewish  People  has  not  forgotten  its  Land  and  has 
been  closely  connected  with  it  both  in  spirit  and  in 
fact  at  all  times.  This  eternal  bond  it  is  impossible 
to  sever.  To  us  it  is  inconceivable  that  Great  Britain 
will  ever  break  the  faith  with  us  and  renounce  her 
solemn  obligations. 

"The  fight  for  our  rights  in  this  land  has  been  a 
long  and  difficult  one,  and  now  the  difficulties  will 
be  increased  sevenfold.  In  order  that  we  may  stand 
the  difficult  test  which  is  the  destiny  of  our  genera- 
tion, a  new  generation  must  be  reared  in  Palestine, 
and  in  the  Diaspora,  worthy  of  its  great  task.  This 
will  be  possible  only  if  the  sources  of  Judaism  from 
which  have  flowed  universal  light  and  justice  will 
become  sources  of  creative  power  in  the  lives  of 
our  sons  and  daughters,  so  that  they  may  be  pre- 
pared for  every  sacrifice  necessary  for  the  free 
existence  of  their  Nation  in  its  Homeland.  To  this 
end  the  Nation  must  stand  a  firm  and  united  bul- 
wark against  all  who  rise  against  it  and  its  rights." 


FRUITS  OF  THE 
HOLY  LAND 


PAGE  TWENTY-EIGHT 


>*^>HE  ethical  basis  of  the  Jewish  claim  to  the 
y  Jewish  Homeland  in  Palestine  may  be  sub- 

sumed  in  the  form  of  a  simple  question: 
Just  how  long  does  it  take  for  an  act  of  injustice 
to  become  established  as  the  law  of 
justice  and  humanity? 

Properly  enough,  this  question  is  |^  y 
universal;  it  does  not  proceed  from 
the  problem  of  the  Jew  alone,  but  from  the  problem 
of  every  living  people  disinherited  by  violence.  In 
direct  application  it  must  be  phrased  thus:  When, 
exactly,  will  the  rape  of  Albanian  independence  be- 
come a  guiding  example  of  "right"?  When,  exactly, 
will  the  suppression  of  the  human  status  of  ten 
million  Czechoslovakians  become  an  expression  of 
the  eternal  order  which  shall  be  the  ideal  of  the 
human  race? 

A  curious  phrase,  one  of  the  strangest  expressions 
of  human  cowardice  and  moral  evasiveness,  is  fre- 
quently on  the  lips  of  realists:  the  fait  accompli.  It 
purports  to  give  immediate  and  unchallengeable 
answer  to  the  question  posed  above.  And  it  does  so 
in  no  uncertain  and  mealy-mouthed  terms.  For  what 
it  says  is  this:  A  Wrong  becomes  a  Right  as  soon  as 
it  has  been  carried  out  in  the  face  of  inadequate 
resistance.  No  lapse  of  time  is  called  for.  The  instant 
the  brutality  is  perpetrated,  or  the  murder  accom- 
plished, the  new  standard  of  ethics  is  established. 
And  all  efforts  to  undo  it  are  against  the  law  of 
reality. 

At  the  very  other  extreme  stands  the  insistence  of 
the  Jewish  people.  In  the  year  70  of  this  era  the 
tyrants  and  dictators  of  a  world  power  named  Rome 
broke  down  the  stubborn  resistance  of  the  defenders 
of  the  Jewish  Homeland.  The  act  was  not  consum- 
mated as  easily  as  Hitler's  murder  of  Czechoslo- 
vakia or  Mussolini's  overwhelming  of  Albania.  In 
fact,  the  Jews  maintained  a  fitful  struggle  against 
the  juggernaut  of  the  Roman  Empire  for  something 
like  two  hundred  years.  But  brute  force  triumphed. 
That  was  nearly  nineteen  centuries  ago,  and,  fan- 
tastic as  it  may  sound,  the  Jew  has  not,  in  this 
extraordinary  interval,  once  bowed  to  the  Moloch- 
sanctity  of  the  fait  accompli.  It  was  wrong  when  it 
was  established;  it  continued  to  be  wrong  through 
two  millenia  of  history;  it  is  still  wrong;  it  will 
always  be  wrong,  even  if  it  is  incorporated  in  inter- 
national law  for  another  two  millenia;  and  the  Jew- 
ish people  still  remains  to  challenge  it. 

The  sanctification  of  evil  by  time  is  contrary  to  the 
Jewish  concepts  of  both  time  and  sanctity.  It  is  in 
the  genius  of  the  Jew  to  disregard  time;  it  is  equally 


IS  TI 


the  problem     /  f  / 


■v-  i 


By  SOLOMON  GOLDMAN 


in  his  genius  to  refuse  to  bow 
the  knee  to  Moloch.  An  inci- 
dent which  occurred  thousands 
of  years  ago  has  the  same  sig- 
nificance for  him  (since  he  envisages  it  under  eter- 
nal aspects)  as  if  it  had  occurred  yesterday;  and  a 
person  who  lived  two  thousand  years  ago  is  as  real 
to  him  as  his  contemporary.  The  Jew  does  not  look 
upon  Abraham,  Isaac  and  Jacob  as  a  legendary  and 
remote  ancestry;  they  are  to  him  as  real  and  vivid 
as  the  leaders  and  sages  of  his  own  day.  He  does 
not  look  upon  the  crushing  of  Jewish  independence 
and  Jewish  national  life  in  Palestine  as  a  "remote, 
unhappy,  far-off  thing,"  but  as  an  evil  which  still 
works  in  his  living  flesh  and  blood. 

Evil  does  not  grow  venerable  with  age;  it  merely 
imposes  custom  and  acquiescence  on  the  weak- 
willed  and  the  pliable.  The  will  of  the  Jewish  people 
is  strong,  its  memory  of  an  incomparable  obstinacy. 
Palestine  was  taken  from  the  Jews  two  thousand 
years  ago;  it  changed  hands  many  times,  passing 
from  conqueror  to  conqueror;  heathen,  Christian 
and  Moslem  in  alternation  lifted  the  sword  success- 
fully against  the  Mountain  of  the  Lord.  And  the  Jew 
never  ceased  to  protest! 

While  the  panorama  of  history  marched  across 
the  centuries,  the  Jewish  picket  lines  maintained 
their  claim.  They  kept  reminding  the  world  that  this 
land  was  the  land  of  the  Jews;  occupant  after  occu- 
pant entered  without  moral  right;  the  original 
owner  still  lived  and  never  condoned  the  robbery. 
The  bond  of  affection  was  never  dissolved. 

For  the  Romans  did  not  break  down  Jewish  re- 
sistance in  the  year  70.  Some  fifty  years  later  rebel- 
lion flamed  up  in  Palestine,  under  the  leadership  of 
Bar  Kochba.  The  rebellion  was  crushed,  the  physical 
Jewish  hold  on  Jerusalem  was  destroyed,  a  heathen 
temple  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  House  of  God. 
And  yet  in  the  fifth  century  Moses  of  Crete  gathered 
{Continued  on  page  137) 


EACH  MONTH  HAS 
ITS  HARVEST 


PAGE  TWENTY-NINE 


CONFLICT 
NATIONALISMS? 

by 

FREDERICK  H.  KISCH 


"In  the  light  of  experience  and  of  the  arguments  adduced  by 
the  Commission,'  His  Majesty's  Government  are  driven  to  the 
conclusion  that  there  is  an  irreconcilable  conilict  between  the 
aspiration  of  the  Arabs  and  the  Jews  in  Palestine,  that  these 
aspirations  cannot  be  satisfied  under  the  terms  of  the  present 
Mandate,  and  that  a  scheme  of  partition  .  .  .  represents  the 
best  and  most  hopeful  solution  of  the  deadlock." 

•        •  • 

Such  was  the  crux  of  the  statement  of  policy 
issued  by  the  British  Government  on  July  7,  1937, 
when  publishing  their  acceptance  of  the  Report  of 
the  Palestine  Royal  Commission.  Sixteen  months 
later,  after  receiving  the  Report  of  the  Palestine 
Partition  Commission,  the  British  Government  offi- 
cially abandoned  as  "impracticable"  the  proposed 
creation  of  independent  Arab  and  Jewish  States  in- 
side Palestine;  and  it  is  pertinent  to  examine  the 
alleged  irreconcilability  of  the  racial  aspirations  on 
which  the  original  declaration  of  policy  was  based. 
In  this  short  paper  only  one  aspect  of  the  issue 
will  be  discussed,  namely,  the  character  of  the  na- 
tionalism which  on  either  side  has  been  one  of  the 
main  issues  in  the  conflict. 

Although  the  roots  of  the  Arab  national  move- 
ment can  be  traced  to  very  early  beginnings,  it  is 
generally  agreed  that  prior  to  the  Turkish  Revolu- 
tion of  1908  it  was  not  a  real  force  in  the  lives  of 
the  Arabs,  but  that  it  acquired  vitality  from  the 
hopes  inspired  by  the  Turkish  reforms  and  cohesion 
from  the  disappointment  which  followed.  The  Arabs 
of  Palestine  played  but  little  part  in  the  early  years 
of  the  "Arab  awakening"  which  followed  the  rise 
and  fall  of  Enver  Pasha's  Commirfee  of  Union  and 
Progress,  a  point  on  which  Mr.  Philip  Graves  may 
be  quoted  as  an  impartial  and  competent  authority: 
•f  "The  Moslem  Arabs  of  Palestine  played  a 
very  subsidiary  part,  if  any,  in  the  Arab  National- 
ist movement  which  preceded  the  Great  War.  In 
spite  of  the  fact  that  Jerusalem  from  the  thirteenth 
to  the  fifteenth  century  of  the  Christian  era  was 
a   center  of   Moslem   learning,   the  Palestinian 
Moslems   appear  to  have   furnished   the  Arab 
world  with  no  scholars  of  any  distinction.  The 
great  centers  of  Arab  cultural  life  have  been  in 
recent  times  Cairo,  Baghdad,  Damascus,  and  lat- 
terly Beirut.   These  have  also  been  political  cen- 
ters in  which  nationalism  grew  up.  Jerusalem 
was  not  one  of  these.    The  notables  of  Palestine 
have  played  with  pan-Arab  ideas  at  times.  They 
have  coquetted  with  Feisal's  unauthorized  emis- 
saries; they  have  made  overtures  to  the  Emir 


Abdullah,  only  to  turn  and  criticize  him  when 
they  found  that  he  had  no  desire  to  plunge  into 
adventures  on  their  behalf  and  that  he  realized 
that  Zionism  could  not  be  lightly  dismissed  as  a 
dream  of  a  few  'Bolshevist  Jews.'    Some  of  them 
are  far  more  interested  in  Islam  than  in  national- 
ism.   As  for  the  Arab  intelligentsia  of  Palestine, 
one  has  only  to  hear  their  criticisms  of  Arab 
officials  in  the  Palestinian  Administration,  of  Emir 
Abdullah's  Government,  and  of  the  Arab  Govern- 
ments set  up  by  the  French  in  Syria,  to  realize 
that  their  nationalism  has  great  limitations — that 
at  present  it  is  cultural  rather  than  political,  nega- 
tive rather  than  positive,  based  rather  upon  the 
fear  of  Zionism  and  more  especially  of  political 
Zionism,  than  upon  any  genuine  desire  to  create 
a  Palestinian  State  or  to  enter  an  Arab  Federa- 
tion. And  if  the  nationalism  of  the  Palestinian  Mos- 
lems is  weak  and  indeed  embryonic,  how  much 
weaker  is  that  of  the  Christians  of  Palestine!" 
These  words  were  written  in  1923,  about  the  time 
that  I  took  up  my  residence  in  Palestine,  and  for 
the  next  eight  years  I  was  in  close  and  continuous 
touch  with  Arab  political  movements  in  the  country. 
Space  does  not  allow  of  many  details  being  given 
here,  but  readers  of  my  Palestine  Diary  will  see  how 
the  only  peasants'  movement  which  found  expres- 
sion among  the  Arabs  during  that  period  included 
within  its  program  cooperation  with  the  Jews  in  line 
with  the  late  King  Feisal's  agreement  concluded 
with  Dr.  Weizmann  in  1919,  of  which  George  An- 
tonius,  the  Syrian  historian  of  Arab  nationalism,  has 
himself  said  that  "in  Feisal's  mind  this  view  (that 
Jewish  colonization  would  be  welcomed,  subject  to 
the  rights  of  the  existing  population)  had  gradu- 
ally developed  into  a  positive  belief  in  the  possi- 
bility of  Arab  cooperation  in  Palestine."   The  desire 
of  the  Peasants'  Party  to  find  a  common  platform 
with  the  Jews  was  also  supported  by  prominent 
Syrian  nationalists  in  the  neighboring  countries,  but 
every  effort  in  that  direction  was  thwarted  by  the 
relentless  opposition  of  Haj  Amin  al-Husseini,  the 
Mufti  of  Jerusalem,  whom  Sir  Herbert  Samuel  nom- 
inated to  the  office  of  President  of  the  Supreme 
Moslem  Council.    This  office,  carrying  with  it  the 
control   of   the   funds   of   the   Moslem  Religious 
Foundations,  enabled  the  Mufti  to  preach  through- 
out the  country  a  fanatical  nationalism  which  would 
tolerate  no  suggestion  of  compromise,  and  which 
could  only  lead — as  it  did — to  serious  acts  of  vio- 


*  The  Royal  Commission  under  Ihe  Chairmanship  of  the  late  Lord 
Peel. 

t  Philip  Graves,  Land  ot  Three  Faiths.  1923.  Jonathan  Cape. 


page  thirty-one: 


lence  of  which  the  Jews  were  the  first  and  the  intended  victims. 
The  Mufti's  extremism  and  the  High  Commissioner's  toleration  of  it 
went  so  far  that  when  in  1923  the  Palestine  Government  held  elec- 
tions for  a  Legislative  Council  in  which  Jews  and  Arabs  were  to 
sit  together,  Haj  Amin  caused  it  to  be  proclaimed  that  any 
Moslem  taking  part  in  the  elections  would  be  denied  burial  in 
any  Moslem  cemetery  in  Palestine.  At  the  same  time  the  most 
provocative  propaganda  was  assiduously  circulated  about  the 
Jews,  who  were  in  particular  accused  of  aiming  at  taking  posses- 
sion of  the  famous  Mosques  in  the  Haram  Area  at  Jerusalem.  By 
such  methods  and  on  such  a  platform  was  Palestinian  Moslem 
nationalism  built  up  under  the  eyes  of  the  British  Administration. 
Intimidated  and  starved  of  all  support  from  the  Moslem  hierarchy, 
the  Arab  Peasants'  Movement  soon  faded  out  of  existence,  while 
Haj  Amin  al-Husseini  consolidated  his  power  and  prestige  by  pos- 
ing as  the  altruistic  defender  of  Islam  against  the  Jewish  menace 
which  he  had  invented  to  serve  his  purpose.  Lest  I  be  thought 
prejudiced,  I  will  quote  the  words  recently  spoken  in  Parliament 
by  Lord  Harlech,  better  known  as  Mr.  Ormsby-Gore,  a  former 
British  Colonial  Secretary: 

"He  is  a  man  of  quite  unlimited  political  ambition.  He  was  a 
Turkish  Staff  Officer — and  incidentally,  a  Turk  who  knew  him  in 
those  days  told  me  he  thought  he  was  the  blackest-hearted  man 
in  the  Middle  East.  .  .  .  Make  no  doubt  about  it  that  Haj  Amin 
al-Husseini's  ultimate  object  is  the  control  of  the  Holy  Places  of 
Islam  in  his  family,  the  foundation  of  a  dynasty  of  Husseinis. 
...  I  am  satisfied  that  he  is  a  deep-seated  enemy  of  Great 
Britain  .  .  .  who  uses  for  his  own  ends  the  private  murder  of 
Arabs  in  Palestine  not  friendly  to  his  dynastic  ambitions.  Mem- 
bers of  the  other  leading  families  have  been  foully  murdered, 
men  who  are  just  as  good  nationalists  ...  as  he  is." 
It  may  be  thought  that  I  am  laying  too  much  stress  on  the  char- 
acter and  aims  of  this  one  man,  but  such  is  not  the  case.  The 
Arab  national  movement  in  Palestine  is  alike  his  creation  and  his 
tool.    It  has  taken  the  shape  that  he  wished  to  give  to  it,  and 
adopts  the  methods  which  he  dictates. 

The  terror  which  has  been  the  physical  expression  of  the  move- 
ment since  April,  1936,  turns  hither  and  thither  according  to  this 
man's  will.  It  is  true  that  more  than  a  year  ago,  on  October  1, 
1937,  Haj  Amin  was  deprived  of  his  offices  and  exiled  from  the 
country,  but  since  then,  secure  in  the  Lebanese  refuge  which 
France  has  allowed  him  to  enjoy,  he  has  continued  to  direct  the 
movement,  which  is  daily  nourished  with  the  blood  of  fresh  vic- 
tims, while  the  Germany  of  Herr  Hitler  and  Herr  Goebbels,  thus 
able  to  strike  simultaneously  against  the  despised  British  democ- 
racy and  the  hated  Jew,  provides  both  moral  and  material  support. 
And  throughout  the  years  before  his  exile  Haj  Amin,  with  un- 
fettered control  of  the  Moslem  Treasury  and  the  direction  of  Arab 
affairs  in  his  hands,  did  little  or  nothing  of  a  constructive  character 
for  the  improvement  of  the  position  of  the  Arab  peasantry — the 
fellaheen— but  unceasingly  conducted  a  destructive  agitation 
against  the  Jewish  effort,  even  in  those  fields  in  respect  of  which 
all  impartial  authorities  have  recognized  that  the  benefits  accrued 
to  Jew  and  Arab  alike. 

By  force  of  his  personality  and  shrewdness,  Haj  Amin  has  also 
consistently  succeeded  in  harnessing  the  Christian  Arabs  to  his 
chariot.  Soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  British  Administration 
the  Arabs  formed  the  Moslem-Christian  Association;  when  friction 
between  the  parties  to  this  unnatural  alliance  became  acute  Haj 
Amin  allowed  it  to  dissolve,  replacing  it  by  the  Arab  Executive, 
in  which  Christian  Arab  representatives  were  also  included.  This 
body  in  time  gave  way  to  the  Arab  Higher  Committee,  likewise  of 
mixed  composition.  There  have  been  times  when  the  true  char- 
acter of  Haj  Amin's  ambitions  has  led  him  to  forget  his  role  of 
leader  of  a  Palestinian  national  movement  which  is  supposed  to 
include  the  Christian  Arabs,  as  when  a  riotous  demonstration  was 
provoked  against  an  international  Missionary  Conference  in  1928. 
This,  however,  was  but  a  significant  exception,  and  as  a  general 
rule  the  Christian  Arabs,  who  are  greatly  divided  by  sectarianism, 
have  felt  it  expedient  to  give  lip  service  to  the  national  movement 
as  developed  under  the  banner  of  the  Jerusalem  Mufti  with  a  triple 
slogan  for  its  program:  no  land  sales  to  Jews;  no  Jewish  immigra- 
tion; and  a  "National"  (i.e.  Arab)  Government. 

And  now  let  me  turn  to  Jewish  nationalism.    Many  years  before 
he  was  himself  a  victim  of  persecution  Albert  Einstein,  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  sons  of  our  race,  expressed  himself  as  follows: 
"Rebuilding  of  Palestine  is  for  us  Jews  not  a  mere  matter  of 
charity  or  emigration:  it  is  a  problem  of  paramount  importance 
for  the  Jewish  people.    Palestine  is  first  and  foremost  not 


refuge,  but  the  incarnation  of  a  reawakening  sense  of  national 
solidarity."  And  again: 

"Through  the  establishment  of  a  Jewish  Commonwealth  in 
Palestine  the  Jewish  people  will  again  be  in  a  position  to  bring 
its  creative  abilities  into  full  play  without  hindrance.  Through 
the  Jewish  University  and  similar  institutions  the  Jewish  people 
will  not  only  help  forward  its  own  national  renaissance,  but 
will  enrich  its  moral  culture  and  knowledge,  and  will  once  again, 
as  it  was  centuries  ago,  be  guided  into  better  ways  of  life  than 
those  which  are  inevitably  imposed  on  it  in  present  conditions." 
These  words,  spoken  by  Albert  Einstein  in  1921,  indicate  both 
the  character  and  the  hopes  of  the  nationalism  which  under  the 
name  of  Zionism  has  inspired  the  majority  of  the  Jews  today  living 
in  the  land  of  Israel.  Yet  with  their  arrival  in  the  country  the  word 
"Zionism"  loses  for  them  its  significance,  and  is  in  fact  but  seldom 
heard  or  printed  in  Palestine.  For  the  majority  of  Palestine  Jewry 
it  is  axiomatic  that  they  are  Zionists — Jewish  nationalists;  that  is 
why  they  have  chosen  to  make  new  homes  for  themselves  in  the 
land  of  their  ancestors.    Unfortunately  it  is  true  that  during  the 
past  few  years  many  Jews  have  been  obliged  to  come  to  Palestine 
not  through  choice,  but  through  oppression  in  the  countries  of 
their  previous  residence;  but  for  them  the  circumstances  which 
have  led  to  their  enforced  emigration  have  been  such  as  to  estab- 
lish the  need  for  the  Jewish  National  Home  and  to  inspire  the  new- 
comers with  a  ready  determination  to  give  of  their  best  to  it. 

The  practical  trend  of  Jewish  nationalism  in  Palestine  has  been 
along  the  lines  of  the  recognized  prerequisites  of  nationhood  for 
any  racial  group:  a  common  land,  a  common  language  and  com- 
mon customs. 

As  regards  the  land,  the  feeling  towards  Palestine  as  Erefz 
Israel — the  land  of  Israel — is  instinctive  to  the  returning  Jew  who 
feels  that  he  has  come  to  his  homeland  whoever  may  be  its  actual 
owners,  while  the  great  and  wide  popularity  of  the  Keren  Kaye- 
meth  le-Israel,  as  the  national  land-purchasing  fund,  is  a  mani- 
festation of  this  aspect  of  Jewish  nationalism. 

As  regards  Jewish  customs,  there  exists  and  will  doubtless  con- 
tinue to  exist  a  great  diversity  in  respect  of  national  customs, 
which  are  for  the  most  part  historically  connected  with  Jewish 
religious  observance;  but  in  Palestine  the  Jew  feels  and  claims 
his  natural  right  to  live  his  life  as  a  Jew  according  to  his  indi- 
vidual interpretation  of  what  that  implies.  Respect  for  the  Sabbath 
as  the  national  day  of  rest  is  almost  universal. 

Together  with  these  fundamental  expressions  of  nationalism,  the 
new  Jewish  structure  in  Palestine  is  being  built  up  with  a  strong 
emphasis  on  the  need  to  base  the  life  of  the  people  on  a  direct 
connection  with  the  soil:  the  foundation  of  every  new  agricultural 
settlement  is  a  source  of  joy  to  all.  The  expansion  of  the  Jewish 
structure  in  town  and  country  has  been  accompanied  by  the 
growth  of  a  virile  and  constructive  labor  movement,  based  on  col- 
lectivism and  cooperation,  and  seeking  through  its  social  efforts  to 
establish  a  new  and  better  way  of  life. 

One  last  point  that  should  here  be  mentioned  is  that  the  physical 
menace  of  armed  force  which  the  Jews  have  experienced  during 
the  past  three  years  has  awakened  among  them  the  will  which 
exists  in  every  free  nation  to  fight  its  own  battles.  The  whole 
Yishub  finds  satisfaction  in  the  fact  that  many  thousands  of  its 
youth  are  today  guarding  the  Jewish  structure  against  terrorism. 

I  have  sought  to  indicate  above  the  main  lines  along  which 
nationalism  has  projected  itself  among  the  Arabs  and  Jews  re- 
spectively. If,  when  dealing  with  the  Arabs,  I  have  been  obliged 
to  sketch  a  picture  of  fanaticism  rampant,  it  is  not  that  I  fail  to 
recognize  that  there  exists  among  the  Arabs,  including  both 
intelligentsia  and  illiterates,  a  normal  and  reasonable  nationalism 
which,  if  freed  from  the  influence  of  the  Mufti  and  the  foreign 
powers  supporting  him,  would  probably  have  expressed  itself  in 
the  forms  characteristic  of  such  movements  today.  With  Arab  na- 
tionalism of  such  a  character  the  Jewish  national  revival  must 
come  to  terms.  Many  years  ago  Dr.  Weizmann,  speaking  publicly 
in  Palestine  as  President  of  the  Zionist  Organization,  said: 

"An  agreement  with  the  Arabs  must  be  sought  and  found."  He 
added  that  it  could  only  be  found  "donnanf,  donnant."  Dr.  Weiz- 
mann has  striven  ceaselessly  to  this  end,  but  on  the  one  hand 
he  could  not  succeed  against  the  methods  adopted  by  the  Mufti 
and  so  long  countenanced  by  the  Government,  while  on  the  other 
hand  the  Zionist  movement  failed  to  evolve  an  Arab  policy  such 
as  might  lead  to  an  acceptable  compromise  while  safeguarding 
the  essentials  for  the  further  development  of  the  Jewish  National 
Home.  Time  and  events  have  greatly  enhanced  the  difficulties, 
but  perhaps  the  very  tragedy  of  the  past  three  years,  by  inspiring 
the  need  for  an  early  solution,  may  also  lead  to  its  being  found. 


PAGE  THIRTY-TWO 


of  the  HOLY  l&N 


IS  called  the  Holy  Land:  the  navel  o 
V7  God's  Kingdom,  the  corridor  of  the  World-to- 
\r/  Come,  the  entrance  to  the  mysteries  of  life.  It 
gave  birth  to  the  three  great  religions  of  the  world. 
The  sacred  literature  created  on  its  soil  gave  direc- 
tion and  shaped  the  lives  of  many  generations  of 
men.  The  tales  and  legends  that  were  born  there 
have  been  the  inspiration  of  poets,  law-makers  and 
philosophers.  It  has  been  the  most  significant  and 
fruitful  of  all  lands  in  the  changing  history  of  the 
human  race. 

But  the  Land  itself  suggested  only  Reminiscence. 
It  had  served  its  great  purpose  and  retired  to 
slumber.  Over  it  was  heaped  the  dust  of  the  desert, 
and  the  heels  of  many  conquerors  of  ruin  and  death. 
Faith,  hope  and  memory  gave  it  the  semblance  of 
life,  but  it  seemed  as  dead  as  the  ruins  of  Pompeii 
and  the  buried  cities  of  Egypt. 

Lights  were  kindled  on  Christian  altars  as  memo- 
rials of  the  Land  that  gave  birth  to  Jesus.  It  was 
kept  alive  in  Christian  memory  through  ceremonial 
and  liturgy,  describing  His  life  and  death  and 
resurrection.  It  was  the  goal  of  the  Crusaders, 
whose  swords  gleamed  in  the  sun  of  Palestine,  and 
who  met  the  Infidels  of  the  East  in  mortal  struggle. 
Defeated  or  victorious,  they  left  no  living  traces 
behind  them.  Pilgrims  came  and  collected  the 
fragments  of  historic  Christianity,  and  set  up  shrines 
to  worship,  and  upon  the  altars  placed  their  relics, 
but  the  shell  and  not  the  spirit  of  religious  faith  was 
the  object  of  their  adoration.  It  was  the  Sepulchre 
of  the  Body  of  the  Christ.  They  caught  not  the  liv- 
ing waters  of  faith;  they  wanted  confirmation  of  the 
authenticity  of  memories. 

Palestine  in  the  Christian  Easter  Festival. 

Their  national  and  religious  life  broken  and  scat- 
tered, a  small  handful  of  Jews  crawled  back  into  the 
Land  and  found  crevices  in  the  ruins  in  which  to 


abide  unseen.  They  made  the  Holy  Land  a  Wailing 
Wall,  a  place  of  study  and  prayer.  They  thought  of 
the  Holy  Land  as  a  dead  stage,  over  which  their 
heroes  and  sages  passed  in  memory.  They  were 
reluctant  to  disturb  the  scene  of  desolation;  it  was 
under  the  spell  of  Taboo.  It  was  the  Sepulchre  of 
Jewish  National  Freedom.  The  ruin  that  was  once 
Judea  would  come  to  life  again  with  the  advent  of 
the  Redeemer,  sent  by  God,  and  the  pace  of  Re- 
demption could  not  be  hastened.  Until  the  coming 
of  the  Day  of  Days,  the  dead  were  not  to  be  dis- 
turbed; they  were  to  be  kept  sacred  and  apart  from 
the  living,  profane  world. 

Palestine  in  the  Jewish  Passover  Festival. 
And  all  the  while  the  Holy  Land  lay  in  the  slumber 
of  death.  It  was  covered  with  the  refuse  of  many 
massive  generations.  It  slept  under  the  heavy 
mantle  of  memories.  It  was  sealed  in  death,  and 
the  sands  of  a  thousand  desert  storms  covered  it. 
It  was  the  Prisoner  of  a  Prophecy.  It  awaited  its 
Deliverer. 

***** 

The  Rebirth  of  the  Holy  Land  is  one  of  the 
miracles  of  modern  times.  The  Messiah  had  no 
hand  in  its  resurrection;  or,  if  he  had  a  part  in  it, 
no  human  eye  recognized  or  identified  him,  or 
attributed  the  reawakening  to  his  intervention.  It 
was  brought  to  life  by  the  servants  of  the  Redeemer, 
the  advance  guard,  a  remnant  of  a  remnant,  the 
faithful  among  a  people  that  seemed  to  have  lost 
its  faith.  It  was  the  Jews  of  our  day  who  anticipated 
the  Messiah.  Through  the  awakened  Land,  they 
expected  their  Hope  to  be  fulfilled.  They  felt  that 
the  Land  could  be  quickened  into  life  through  self- 
effacing  labor;  that  it  needed  not  a  Word  or  Prayer 
to  be  uttered,  but  the  loving  application  of  service. 
It  was  to  be  recalled  to  life  not  through  the  wailing 
(Continued  on  page  107) 


P«*  °S  and  lot  *f£vo  *£ 
There  »         hcr,e »      popuW>°  d 


tCee  * 
**  *°^rXeree  <W*  ^steIn  <*>d  ^ 
bf  C-hoVe  ^°de^^sdinlheSe 
ol  ^  Europe  h*  ^anr  9toUPswtes  he- 

"^TSeeted  passed  *  ^ 

tn  ntalion  ouAete .  t        n  has  ^e 

«efaSve 


PAGE  THIRTY-FIVE 


These  four  roses  tell  you 
the  age  of  the 
youngest  whiskey  in  it! 


Q.  What  is  meant  by  the  "young- 
est" whiskey  in  Four  Roses? 

A.  Just  that.  Four  Roses  is  a  com- 
bination of  several  straight  whis- 
kies. Even  the  youngest  of  these 
whiskies  is  4  years  old.  All  of  them 
are  old  enough  to  be  bottled  in 
bond. 

Q.  Then  why  aren't  they  hot- 
tied  separately— each  as  a  fine 
bonded  whiskey? 

A.  Because  we  think  it  better  to 
make  these  whiskies  lighter,  mild- 
er, by  reducing  them  to  90  proof 
(instead  of  the  100  proof  which 
bottled-in-bond  whiskies  must  be). 
Then,  with  a  skill  born  of  74  years' 


experience,  we  bring  these  distin- 
guished whiskies  together,  so  as  to 
unite  all  their  indiv  idual  virtues  in 
one  whiskey  that  is  finer  still. 

Q.  Can  this  he  proved? 
A.  %s!  We're  certain  that  once  you 
taste  the  glorious  flavor  and  mel- 
low smoothness  of  Four  Roses, 
you'll  agree  it's  the  one  whiskey 
that  simply  can't  be  matched! 

Ask  for  Four  Roses  at  your  fa- 
vorite bar  or  package  store  today. 
It  may  cost  a  trifle  more,  but  it's 
worth  it!  Frankfort  Distilleries,  Inc., 
Louisville  and  Baltimore. 

EVERY  DROP  IS  WHISKEY 

at  least  4  YEARS  OLD 


A  BLEND  OF  STRAIGHT  WHISKIES— 90   PROOF— THE   STRAIGHT  WHISKIES  IN  FOUR  ROSES 
ARE  FOUR  YEARS  OR  MORE  OLD 


Jour 
Hoses 

*_»KN0  Of   STRAIOHT  WMI**llJ 


Miss  Eugenia  Falkenburg  of  California  is  a  typical  American  girl  in  her  zest 
for  living.  She  rides... swims... plays  excellent  golf.  And  she  ranks  among  the 
first  ten  women  tennis  players  in  her  state. 


I  get  a  lot  of  fun  out  of  life, 
and  part  of  it  is  Letting  up — 
Lighting  up  a  Camel" 


EUGENIA  FALKENBURG 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


Copyright.  1939,  R.  J.  Reynolds  Tobac-i-o  Company.  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 


Miss  Eugenia  Falkenburg  is  typical  of  the  active  younger 
women  who  find  unfailing  pleasure  in  smoking  Camels.  "That 
Camel  mildness  is  something  very  special.  And  each  Camel  tastes 
as  good  as  the  last,"  she  says, "full  of  ripe  flavor  and  delicate  taste! 
With  Camels,  I  feel  as  though  I'm  not— well,  you  know— just  smok- 
ing. To  me,  'Let  up  — light  up  a  Camel'  means  —  um-m-m,  here's 
smoking  pleasure  at  its  best!"  There's  no  reason  why  you  should 
miss  the  fun  of  smoking  Camels.  So  change  to  Camels  yourself 
—  for  a  new  sense  of  well-being  and  new  cigarette  enjoyment. 


Costlier  Tobaccos — Camels  are  a  matchless  blend  of  finer, 
MORE  EXPENSIVE  TOBACCOS— Turkish  and  Domestic. 
Smoke  6  packs  of  Camels  and  find  out  why  they  are 
THE  LARGEST-SELLING  CIGARETTE  in  America 


FOR  SMOKING  PLEASURE 
AT  ITS  BEST 

CAMEL... 

ths  ciGARerre  of 

COSTLICR  TOBACCOS 


PAGE  THIRTY-SEVEN 


BOY  OH  BO%  THIS  IS 
SWELL  CHOCOLATE  CAKE 
HOW  ABOUT  ANOTHER 
PIECE  ? 


I'M  GOING  TO  MAKE  ALL 

my  cakes  the  Spry 

WAY  WOW.  THEY  TASTE 
SO  MUCH  BETTER  / 


(Clip  and  save  this  Spry  recipe) 


You'll  marvel  at  the  new 
deliciousness  foods  have 
baked  and  fried  the  Spry  way 


No  wonder  Jewish  women 
by  the  thousands  are  cook- 
ing the  Spry  way  now.  Just  try 
it  and  see  the  differenceit  makes. 
Foods  have  a  finer,  more  deli- 
cate flavor.  Cakes  and  biscuits 
are  lighter;  pastry  flakier,  more 
tender;  fried  foods  crisper,  tast- 
ier and  so  digestible  a  child  can 
eat  them. 

Spry  is  kosher  and  parve,  made 
from  choice  vegetable  oils,  un- 
der the  supervision  of  rabbis,  at 


Edgewater,  N.  J.,  and  Ham- 
mond, Ind.,  in  plants  devoted 
exclusively  to  the  manufacture 
of  vegetable  shortening.  It  bears 
the  seal  of  approval  of  the  Union 
of  Orthodox  Jewish  Congrega- 
tions of  America;  so  you  can 
use  Spry  for  baking  and  frying 
all  meat  and  dairy  foods.  Try 
it  today  in  your  own  recipes  or 
the  one  given  here.  You'll  never 
go  back  to  any  other  shortening. 
MADE  IN  THE  U.  S.  A. 


CHOCOLATE  LAYER  CAKE 

Yi  cup  Spry  2  cups  sifted  Hour 

Yt  teaspoon  salt  (cake  flour 

1  teaspoon  vanilla  preferred) 

1  cup  sugar  2H  teaspoons  bak- 

2  eggs,  or  1  egg  and       ing  powder 
1  egg  white,  well     %  cup  water 
beaten 

Combine  Spry,  salt  and  vanilla.  (Re- 
member, for  best  results  use  Spry  in  this 
recipe.)  Add  sugar  gradually  and  mix 
until  light  and  fluffy.  (So  quickly  done 
with  smooth,  quick-mixing  Spry!)  Add 
beaten  eggs  gradually  and  mix  thoroughly. 

Sift  flour  and  baking  powder  together 
3  times.  Add  small  amounts  of  flour  to 
first  mixture,  alternately  with  water, 
beating  after  each  addition  until  smooth. 
Pour  batter  into  two  8-inch  layer  pans 
greased  with  Spry.  Bake  in  moderately 
hot  oven  (375°  F.)  25  minutes.  Notice 


how  velvety  and  fine-grained  this  cake 
is.  No  wonder  it  keeps  fresh  so  much 
longer! 

Spread  Chocolate  Frosting  between 
layers  and  on  top  and  sides  of  cake. 
CHOCOLATE  FROSTING 

3  tablespoons  Spry  1 Yi  cups  sifted  con 
3  ounces  bitter  fectioners'  sugar 

chocolate  1  egg  yolk 

5  tablespoons  Yt  teaspoon  vanilla 

boiling  water  M  teaspoon  salt 
Melt  Spry  and  chocolate  together  over 
hot  water.  Pour  boiling  water  over  sugar 
and  stir  until  sugar  is  dissolved.  Add 
egg  yolk  and  beat  vigorously.  Add  va- 
nilla and  salt.  Add  chocolate  mixture 
and  beat  until  smooth  and  thick  enough 
to  spread.  Makes  enough  frosting  to 
cover  tops  and  sides  of  two  8-inch  layers. 
(All  measurements  intheserecipes  are  level) 


SEE  HOW  FAST  YOU  CAW 
WUX  A  CAKE  WITH 
Spr/_HOW  LIGHT 
AMD  DEUCATE 
IT  IS  .' 


In  6-lb.,  3-lb. 
1-lb.  cans 


PAGE  THIRTY-EIGHT 


For  Distinguished  Service 


HONOURS  OF  THE 

SEAFORTH  HIGHLANDERS 

Carnatic  Hindoostan  Mysore  Cape  of Good  Hope,  1806  Maida  Java  South  Africa,  1815 

Sevastopol     Koosh-ab      Persia     L/tcknou      Central  India      Peiicar  Kotal 
Charasiah     Kabul,  W 9     Kandahar,  1880     Afghanistan,  1878-  80      Tel-el  Kebir 
Egypt,  1882    Chitral    Afhara     Khartoum  Paardeherg 
South  Africa,  1899-1902      Marne,  1914,  '18 
Ypres,1915,  '17,  '18  Loos  Somme,  1916,  '18 

Arras,  1917,  '18  Vimr,  1917 

Cambrai,  1917 ,  '18  Valenciennes 
Palestine,  1918  Baghdad 


HONOURS'  OF  DE WAR'S 

White  Label 

MEDAL  SCOTCH  OF  THE  WORLD 


Au  jrJ  of  tin  Quumlmi 

Innriutiottjl  Exhibition. 
1S97 ...  oni  of  mon  than  6L 


From  Gibraltar's  less  than  2  square  miles  to 
Canada's  almost  4,000,000,  no  spot  within 
the  empire  or,  for  that  matter,  the  world ,  but 
knows  DEWAR'S  White  Label,  the  highball  of 
the  highlands.  For  distinguished  service  its 
standard  wears  more  than  60  medals  of  hon- 
our and  wears  them  well.  Command  DEWAR'S 
White  Label  and  be  .  .  .  "At  Ease." 


White  Label 


The 


Copyright  19)8,  Schenley  Import  Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Medal  SCOTCH  of 

BLENDED    SCOTCH    W  H 


the 

1  H  V 


World 


PAGE  THIRTY-NINE 


THE  PAVILION 


HE  translation  of  the  idea  of  Jewish  Palestine  participation  in  the  New 


York  World's  Fair  into  reality  was  a  labor  both  arduous  and  inspiring. 
It  imbued  both  the  sponsors  and  the  makers  of  the  Pavilion  with  the  un- 
bounded faith,  optimism  and  courage  their  work  required.  Because  this  is 
the  first  Palestine  exhibit  at  an  international  exposition  in  the  United  States, 
it  presented  each  day  many  problems  for  the  solution  of  which  no  precedent 
existed.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  darkness  of  the  world  Jewish  panorama  and 
our  firm  conviction  that  the  Palestine  Pavilion  is  a  potent  instrument  for  the 
enlightenment  of  world  public  opinion,  those  charged  with  the  responsibility 
for  the  undertaking  would  at  times  have  been  ready  to  relinquish  their  task, 
to  leave  Palestine's  debut  at  an  American  World's  Fair  for  another  genera- 
tion to  carry  through  in  the  distant  future. 


Palestine  is  a  small  country.  It  has  less  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  Jew- 
ish settlements,  and  the  largest  Jewish  city  has  not  more  than  175,000  inhabi- 
tants. One  might  suppose  that  the  preparation  of  an  exhibit  representing 
such  a  country  would  be  a  comparatively  easy  matter.  But  this  is  a  great 
illusion.  The  Jewish  community  of  Palestine  is  highly  individualized.  Nothing 
is  typical  there;  everything  has  its  own  character.  Jewish  life  in  the  Home- 
land runs  the  entire  diversified  and  multiplex  gamut  of  Jewish  life  through- 
out the  world.  Such  a  variety  of  dreams,  hopes  and  ambitions  have  found 
realization  in  the  new  life  of  Palestine  that  every  achievement  bears  its  own 
distinctive  stamp.  The  history  of  Palestine  and  its  great  tradition,  moreover, 
give  to  this  small  country  an  almost  unlimited  vista  of  the  past.  Every  little 
nook  and  hillock,  almost  every  stone  has  its  story,  old  and  new.  So  miracu- 
lously have  Jewish  pioneers  subjugated  the  elements  of  nature  that  even  the 
smallest  advance  in  the  rebuilding  of  the  country  assumes  profound  sig- 
nificance. The  makers  of  the  Palestine  exhibit  were  confronted  with  the 
responsibility  of  selection  and  elimination,  for  the  space  limitations  of  the 
Pavilion  obviously  had  to  be  taken  into  consideration.  To  differentiate 
between  what  possessed  primary  and  what  secondary  importance  was 
essential,  but  extremely  difficult.  Almost  everything  in  Palestine  seemed  to 
be  of  primary  importance. 


In  one  particular  respect  the  Palestine  Pavilion  is  unique:  It  is  a  national 
exhibit  not  sponsored  by  a  government.  This  status  involves  some  great 
disadvantages;  from  a  financial  point  of  view,  for  example,  it  was  a  serious 
handicap.  Instead  of  having  ready-made  resources  at  our  command,  and 
thus  being  able  to  concentrate  our  efforts  on  the  exhibit  itself,  we  had  to  tax 
our  ingenuity  to  the  utmost  to  create  the  necessary  financial  groundwork 


By  MEYER  W.  WEISGAL 


(Continued  on  page  108) 


MEMORIAL  ENTRANCE  .  .  .  The  visitor  enters  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  through  doors  of  reddish  euca- 
lyptus wood,  from  the  tree  which  has  been  so  useful  in  drying  up  the  malarial  swamps  of  the  Holy  Land. 
He  then  finds  himself  in  the  small  Memorial  Hall.  Its  walls  are  covered  with  dark-toned  Palestinian  marble 
quarried  in  the  Jewish  colony  Maale  Hahamisha,  one  of  the  new  settlements  established  during  the  recent 
disturbances. 

On  the  Right  Wall  there  is  a  basalt  tablet  bearing  a  Hebrew  inscription  commemorating  the  men  and 
women  who  have  given  their  lives  toward  the  building  of  the  modern  Palestine.  This  tablet  is  illumined  by 
an  Eternal  Light  that  was  kindled  in  Jerusalem  and  brought  here  from  the  Holy  Land. 

On  the  Left  Wall  are  bronze  tablets  with  raised  silver  lettering  summarizing  the  outstanding  dates  in  the 
four  thousand  years  of  Jewish  history,  from  the  time  of  Abraham  to  the  present  generation. 


HALL  OF  TRANSFORMATION  .  .  .  This  hall  is  built  on  a  series  of  stairs,  terra  cotta  in  color,  and  in  their  rise 
from  a  lower  to  a  higher  level  symbolizing  immigration. 

At  the  Head  of  the  Stairs  stands  a  life-size  statue  of  a  pioneer.  Forming  the  background  for  this  statue  is 
a  large  photomural,  The  March  of  the  Pioneers.  On  the  opposite  wall,  above  the  entrance  to  this  Hall,  is  a 
bust  of  Theodor  Herzl  with  a  facsimile  of  his  signature. 

The  entire  Right  Wall  is  covered  by  a  huge  map  of  Palestine  executed  in  Palestinian  materials — olive 
wood,  Jerusalem  onyx.  Indicated  on  this  map  are  all  the  Jewish  settlements  in  the  Holy  Land  today,  with 
special  emphasis  on  land  acquired  by  national  institutions.  In  the  lower  right-hand  corner  of  the  map  are 
twelve  wooden  tablets  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  Jewish  colonies. 

The  entire  Left  Wall  is  divided  into  three  separate  areas  covered  with  composite  photomurals: 

Swamps:  Behind  a  foreground  of  swamp  stands  the  colony  Kfar  Yehezkiel,  which  has  transformed  a  marshy 

site  into  a  healthful  area. 

Rocks  :  The  colony  of  Kiriat  Anavim  forms  the  background  for  the  rocky  hills  of  Judea,  where  it  was  built  by 
Jewish  settlers. 

Dunes:  Against  a  background  of  modern,  metropolitan  Tel  Aviv  stretch  the  sand  dunes  of  the  coastal  plain 
as  they  appeared  before  their  transformation  by  pioneer  labor. 

See  articles  pages  60  and  72. 


PAGE  FORTY-TWO 


By  MAURICE  SAMUEL 


THE  SPIRIT  of  the  PAVILION 

The  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the  New  York  World's  Fair  is,  on  the  surface,  the 
ordinary  device  which  a  people  uses  on  such  occasions  to  present  itself  to  other 
peoples,  to  draw  attention  to  its  achievements  and  to  advertise  its  products.  But  to 
those  who  will  look  below  the  surface  something  quite  out  of  the  ordinary  will  be 
manifest.  It  will  not  speak  from  the  plastic  representations  of  soil  redeemed  and 
human  beings  rehabilitated;  it  will  not  reside  even  in  the  evidences  of  the  high  moral 
and  cultural  standards  which  the  Jews  have  incorporated  in  their  homeland.  Only 
those  will  obtain  a  glimpse  of  it  who  are  imaginative  enough  to  supply  the  background, 
historic  and  contemporaneous,  to  the  mere  existence  of  the  building.  And  to  them  it 
will  convey  a  message  transcending  the  time,  the  place  and  the  particular  people 
associated  with  the  exhibit. 

In  the  field  of  international  hostilities  a  new  technique  has  been  evolved,  born  of 
the  union  of  malevolence  with  science.  It  may  be  called,  briefly,  the  technique  of 
demoralization.  Its  implements  are  propaganda,  the  creation  of  internal  discords,  the 
lowering  of  resistance,  the  destruction  of  hope,  the  confusion  (Confinued  on  page  111) 


PAGE  FORTY-THREE 


HALL  OF  AGRICULTURE  AND  RESETTLEMENT  ...  On  the  Left  Wall  of  this  Hall,  which  is  two  stories 
high,  a  large  composite  photomural  tells  the  story  of  the  reclamation  of  the  land  by  Jewish  pioneers.  A  water 
tower  and  a  watchman  on  horseback  face  the  entrance. 

On  the  Right  Wall,  under  the  balcony  which  constitutes  the  upper  floor,  is  a  large  panoramic  view  of  the 
fields  and  settlements  of  the  Plain  of  Esdraelon.  Below  this  are  twelve  panels  bearing  the  twelve  signs  of  the 
Zodiac  and  exhibiting  the  fruits  harvested  in  the  different  months  of  the  year.  Along  this  wall  stands  a  table 
showing  models  of  the  five  fundamental  forms  of  colonization:  The  kvutza,  or  agricultural  commune,  repre- 
sented by  Tirath  Zvi  on  the  first  night  after  its  foundation,  a  changing  background  showing  the  nine  phases  of 
the  setting  up  of  the  colony;  the  type  of  settlement  built  in  the  hills,  exemplified  by  the  American-sponsored 
colony  Ein  Hashofet;  the  settlement  adapted  to  intensive  agriculture,  typified  by  Gvat;  the  orchard  colony, 
represented  by  Bet  Hanan;  and  the  type  of  settlement  specializing  in  mixed  farming,  exemplified  by  Kfar 
Azar. 

In  the  wall  before  the  stairs  to  the  balcony  is  set  a  revolving  model  showing  the  development  of  coloni- 
zation. Changing  pictures  in  this  wall  show  the  work  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund,  the  achievements  of  the 
Palestine  Foundation  Fund  and  the  status  of  the  Arab  question  in  Palestine.  The  entire  wall  of  the  Balcony 
is  covered  by  a  mural  depicting  Spring  in  Palestine. 

See  page  63,  "From  Mikve  to  Hanita"  by  Arthur  Ruppin. 


0  HALL  OF  TOWN  PLANNING  AND  COMMUNICATIONS  ...  On  the  Right  Wall  hangs  a  large  map  of  Europe 
and  the  Near  East,  showing  the  chief  transportation  routes  by  land,  sea  and  air  that  make  Palestine  the  gate- 
way to  the  Near  East.  Also  along  this  wall  are  models  of  the  ports  of  Haifa,  Tel  Aviv  and  Jaffa,  and  airports 
such  as  Lydda,  portraying  the  development  of  modern  means  of  communication  in  the  Holy  Land.  A  glass 
model  of  the  Levant  Fair  at  Tel  Aviv  also  stands  here. 

'  On  the  Left  Wall  are  maps  of  the  three  chief  cities  of  Palestine:  Jerusalem,  Tel  Aviv  and  Haifa.  Before 

each  map  stand  models  of  some  important  buildings  in  that  city,  illustrating  the  architectural  trends  of 
present-day  Palestine.  An  illuminated  transparent  panorama  of  Jerusalem,  mounted  on  glass,  is  one  of  the 
features  of  this  Hall. 

See  page  70,  "Planning  a  Civilization"  by  Harry  Levin. 


PAGE  FORTY-FOUR 


THE  BATTLE  OF  THE  LORD 


By  PIERRE  VAN  PAASSEN 


ft  n  spite  of  enormous  and  terrifying  obstacles,  both  of 
g  ^-1  a  physical  and  of  a  political  nature,  in  a  period  of 
history  which  seems  to  be  given  over  to  general  dis- 
integration and  decay,  the  Hebraic  Commonwealth  in  Pales- 
tine, for  two  thousand  years  a  mere  dream,  a  pious  wish 
and  an  unfulfilled  prophecy,  is  being  moulded  into  accom- 
plished fact  by  the  idealism  and  heroism  of  the  Jewish 
people.  What  has  taken  place  in  the  Holy  Land  in  the  last 
few  years  and  in  sight  of  the  whole  world  is  a  miracle  as 
wondrous  as  the  blossoming  of  Aaron's  Staff  in  the  magic 
stillness  of  the  mythological  night.  For  that  land,  which  but 
three  short  decades  ago  was  as  much  of  a  desert  as  the 
neighboring  and  incredibly  more  fertile  Transjordan  still  is 
today,  has  been  transformed  into  a  vast  and  fecund  garden 
that  provides  bread  and  sustenance  for  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  men  and  women. 

The  all-engulfing  and  ever-moving  sand,  man's  greatest 
natural  enemy,  which  has  completely  overwhelmed  the  civi- 
lizations of  the  Euphrates  Valley  nearby  and  buried  the 
adjoining  Sinaian  Peninsula,  has  been  arrested  at  the  bor- 
ders of  the  Jewish  land.  In  the  pre-War  desolation  of  Judea 
and  Galilee  have  sprung  up  modern  cities,  teeming  with 
every  branch  of  human  activity,  equipped  with  all  the  mar- 
vels of  modern  technique.  The  country  has  been  covered 
with  an  extensive  network  of  highways,  swamps  have  been 
dried,  rivers  have  been  harnessed,  long  chains  of  agricul- 
tural settlements  have  been  established,  harbors  have  been 
constructed  and  the  people  have  built  themselves  a  cultural 
and  educational  apparatus  —  schools,  technical  colleges, 
laboratories,  clinics  and  a  university  that  compares  favor- 
ably with  that  of  the  most  advanced  European  countries. 
Moreover,  the  framework — social,  religious,  economic — has 
been  created  for  the  reception  and  the  integration  into  the 
absorptive  capacity  of  the  country  of  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  immigrants. 

But  this  reborn  Holy  Land  is  not  merely  a  highly  interest- 
ing and  successful  experiment  in  modern  pioneering  and 


reclamation  of  its  ancient  soil  by  the  Jewish  people  and  one 
of  the  most  worth-while  things  to  have  come  out  of  the  tra- 
vail of  the  Great  War;  it  is  above  all  the  expression  of 
Israel's  will  to  live  in  a  world  wherein  the  forces  of  evil 
are  bent  on  the  destruction  and  total  elimination  of  Judaism. 
The  modern  Palestine  constitutes  a  ringing  refutation  of  the 
most  pernicious  slander  flung  at  the  Jewish  people  by  its 
enemies.  Palestine  shows  that  the  Jews  are  a  creative 
people,  and  that  when  Jews  are  but  given  half  a  chance  to 
decide  on  the  scale  of  human  and  social  relationships  and 
mark  them  with  a  stamp  of  their  national  Hebraic  ethos — 
that  in  that  case  there  is  nothing  strange,  nothing  abnormal 
about  Jews. 

Palestine  is  also  the  Jew's  strongest  weapon,  wherever  he 
may  be,  in  the  struggle  for  democracy.  For  if  democracy  is 
a  way  of  life  based  on  diversity  and  a  respect  for  the 
diversity  which  is  the  contribution  of  every  nation  and  every 
group  within  the  nation  toward  the  sum  total  of  civilization, 
then  the  Jew  must  have  somewhere  on  earth  a  place  where 
the  religious  civilization  of  which  he  is  the  bearer  may  func- 
tion unhampered  and  unfettered;  for  only  then  can  a  re- 
vitalizing and  revivifying  influence  be  exercised  on  the 
bearers  of  Judaism  in  other  parts  of  the  globe. 

The  transitional  historical  epoch  through  which  we  are 
passing  is  an  era  of  stress  and  storm.  The  future  of  humanity 
is  still  wrapped  in  gloomy  darkness.  Only  now  and  then  and 
here  and  there  do  we  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  new  world  of 
tomorrow  through  the  tatters  of  the  old.  Palestine  affords  us 
such  a  glimpse  of  renaissance  and  rebirth.  Great  things  are 
gestating  in  the  Holy  Land.  Divine  prophecy  is  being  ful- 
filled: Armageddon,  the  battle  of  the  Lord,  is  being  waged 
in  there  by  the  Jewish  people.  For  the  battle  of  the  Lord  is 
not  fought  with  poison  gas  and  dreadnoughts  and  bombing 
planes.  To  bring  the  prisoners  that  sat  in  the  darkness  of 
the  prison  house  into  the  light  of  day,  to  redeem  the  earth 
which  is  the  Lord's  and  to  suffer  little  children  to  live  a  life 
of  freedom  and  joy — that  is  the  Battle  of  the  Lord. 


PAGE  FORTY-FIVE 


all  cabinets  displaying  the  products  of  modern  industries  line  two  sides  of  the  Hall  of  Indus- 
try; wines,  canned  goods,  fabrics,  perfumery,  leather  work,  metal  work  are  among  the  wares 
exhibited  here.  In  a  niche  near  the  entrance  are  pictures  representing  other  industries,  and 
tables  of  figures  showing  to  what  extent  Palestinian  industry  supplies  the  needs  of  the  country. 

In  the  Center  of  the  Hall  is  a  model  of  the  Rutenberg  Hydro-Electric  Plant  on  the  Jordan  River, 

which  has  so  greatly  fostered  the  growth  of  Palestine's  industrial  life. 

Near  the  stair  parapet,  made  of  basalt  from  Tiberias,  stands  a  statue  of  "Lot's  Wife"  in  salt 
sculpture,  symbolizing  the  products  of  the  Dead  Sea.  Beside  this  is  a  row  of  glass  tubes  filled 
with  the  chemical  products  now  being  recovered  from  the  Dead  Sea.  Behind  this  display  is  a 
background  of  photomurals  of  the  Dead  Sea  Potash  Works. 

The  walls  of  the  Staircase  leading  out  of  the  Hall  of  Industry  are  lined  with  marble  wains- 
coting, made  of  stone  coming  from  Jerusalem,  Tiberias,  Hebron  and  Metulla. 

See  "Made  in  Palestine"  by  Dorothy  Kahn. 


N 

11  ear  the  Entrance  to  the  Hall  of  Culture  and  Education,  at  the  foot  of  the  stairs,  stands  a 
bookcase  containing  representative  books  published  in  Palestine.  On  the  bookcase  is  a  death- 
mask  of  the  late  Hebrew  poet  Chaim  N.  Bialik. 

Directly  opposite  the  stairs  is  a  mural  which  shows  the  development  of  the  written  word  and 
the  adaptation  of  the  Hebrew  alphabet  to  five  successive  stages  of  development :  Stone-cut  char- 
acters, papyrus  scrolls,  hand-lettering,  block  print  and  the  linotype.  Before  this  stands  a  magni- 
fied roll  of  Palestinian  newsprint  and  a  collection  of  Hebrew  books  on  various  subjects,  ranging 
from  philosophy  to  cookery. 

A  Niche  shows  the  theatres  of  Palestine  and  their  influence  on  the  artistic  development  of  the 
country.  A  map  shows  the  influence  of  Hebrew  touring  ensembles  on  the  renascence  of  Hebrew 
culture  outside  Palestine. 

The  part  of  this  Hall  which  is  devoted  to  Education  shows  its  evolution  in  Palestine  from 
kindergarten  to  university,  with  each  institution  typified  in  models  and  photographs. 

See  articles  pages  89,  91  and  93. 


"ASKING  FOR  NO  PITY 


BY  DOROTHY  THOMPSON 


T 

1  he  tension  in  the  world  today  is  so  great  that  it  is  nearing  the  breaking  point.  I  believe  that  this 
horrible  era  is  approaching  its  end  and  that  the  day  of  an  uprising  of  the  human  spirit  is  imminent. 
The  reaction  of  love  against  hate  cannot  be  delayed  much  longer.  For  us  who  are  yearning  for  the 
dawn  of  universal  brotherhood  and  peace  it  is  not  enough  to  sit  back  and  lament.  We  must  do  some- 
thing about  it.  We  must  make  strenuous,  constructive  efforts  to  hasten  that  dawn. 

In  the  world  today  understanding  of  the  Jew  assumes  an  especially  deep  significance  in  the  fight 
against  totalitarianism.  For  it  is  the  Jew  and  the  ethical  concepts  which  are  his  gift  to  Western  civili- 
zation that  have  been  singled  out  by  the  foes  of  democracy  for  their  most  bitter  attacks.  Because  of 
a  long  series  of  unfortunate  misunderstandings  covering  nearly  twenty  centuries  the  Christian  world 
today  cannot  think  of  the  Jew  without  suffering  pangs  of  conscience.  And  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that 
those  who  feel  guilty  usually  are  so  distressed  by  their  sensation  of  guilt  that  they  attempt  to  stifle  it 
by  developing  active  resentment  and  hatred  against  the  object  that  evokes  this  guilty  conscience.  This 
is  why  rabble-rousers  everywhere  find  it  so  easy  to  incite  people  against  the  Jew — their  aim  being  to 
raise  a  cloud  of  prejudice  that  will  obscure  their  own  selfish  purposes  from  the  popular  view. 

To  counteract  these  evil  forces  the  Jews  must  tell  the  world  more  about  themselves.  But  not  about 
their  pains  and  troubles,  though  these  are  both  tragic  and  undeniable.  Jews  must  realize  that  by 
calling  the  world's  attention  to  their  woes  they  defeat  their  own  ends:  Their  justified  appeals  for 
sympathy  are  apt  to  call  forth  that  sense  of  guilt  which  causes  the  Christian  world  to  harden  its  heart 
against  the  Jew.  (Continued  on  page  106) 


PAGE  FORTY-SEVEN 


In  the  Center  of  this  Hall,  above,  stands  a  large  model  of  a  typical  com- 
munal settlement,  with  photographs  illustrating  the  activities  of  the  members. 

The  Left  Wall  is  devoted  to  the  life  of  a  religious  communal  settlement, 
and  also  has  photographs  of  children  in  a  communal  settlement. 

On  the  Right  Wall  the  various  phases  of  the  labor  movement  in  Palestine 
are  represented,  against  a  background  of  enlarged  photographs  of  workers' 
heads.  Before  these  heads,  46  in  number,  stand  panels  illustrating  different 
phases  of  organized  labor  activities:  Cooperatives,  housing,  economic  institu- 
tions, collective  bargaining,  cultural  and  health  activities. 

The  Central  Wall  has  a  painting,  on  glass,  of  the  sun  rising,  with  a 
Jewish  flag  before  it,  symbolizing  the  approaching  redemption  of  the  Holy 
Land  and  the  salvation  of  oppressed  Jewry  throughout  the  world. 

See  page  68,  "New  Social  Pattern"  by  Claire  Epstein. 


HALL  OF 

LABOR 

AND  NEW 

SOCIAL  FORMS 


HALL  OF 


The  Main  Wall  of  the  Hall  of  Health  is  covered  by  a  mural  and  three  sets 
of  changing  photographs  showing  the  work  of  Hadassah  in  all  fields  of  public 
health  and  social  medicine.  Before  this  wall  stands  a  statue  of  a  nurse  hold- 
ing a  child. 


On  the  Left  Wall  there  is  a  chronological  account  of  the  development  of 
Hadassah  work  in  Palestine,  culminating  in  a  large  model  of  the  Rothschild- 
A  Hadassah-University  Medical  Center  and  the  Hospital  on  Mount  Scopus  in 

Jerusalem. 

The  Right  Wall  is  devoted  to  portraying  the  work  of  the  National  Council 
of  Palestine  Jews  and  of  the  Sick  Benefit  organizations  of  Palestine  labor. 
See  page  76,  "A  Chronicle  of  Service"  by  Rose  Halprin. 


PAGE  FORTY-EIGHT 


THE  TEMPLE  OF  SOLOMON 


Copyright  by  J.  Jehuda,  Architect,  1938.  All  rights  reserve 


Built  by  King  Solomon  in  970  B.C.E.,  the  First  Temple  of  the  Jews  at  Jerusalem  stood  as  the  center  of  Jewish 
religious  life  for  four  centuries,  until  it  was  destroyed  during  the  invasion  of  Palestine  by  King  Nebuchad- 
nezzar of  Babylon  in  586  B.C.E.  The  Temple  Area  on  Mount  Moriah,  comprising  nearly  nineteen  acres, 
included,  in  addition  to  the  House  of  Worship  itself,  seminaries  and  storehouses  and  residences  for  the 
priests  who  officiated  there,  all  surrounded  by  thick  walls  and  guarded  by  four  watch-towers.  The  building 
of  the  Temple  took  seven  years,  183,300  workmen  having  been  employed  in  its  construction.  Its  reconstruc- 
tion in  the  model  shown  in  the  "Holy  Land  of  Yesterday  and  Tomorrow"  section  of  the  Jewish  Palestine 
Pavilion — the  first  authentic  reproduction  of  this  holy  site  of  Jewish  antiquity — is  the  work  of  the  Reverend 
Jacob  Jehuda  of  Jerusalem,  who  gave  to  this  task  fourteen  years  of  exhaustive  research  followed  by  six 
years  of  actual  construction  labor. 


PAGE  FORTY-NINE 


This  wing  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  is  reserved  for  a  dioramic  exhibit  showing  a  number  ol 
the  historic  sites  of  the  Holy  Land  and  the  transformation  that  the  Jewish  work  of  upbuilding  has 
brought  about  in  some  of  the  country's  most  famous  scenes.  At  the  end  of  the  dimly  lit  hall  is  a 
glowing  stylized  map  of  Palestine,  painted  on  glass  illuminated  from  behind,  and  representing 
places  of  historic  interest  in  the  manner  of  the  cartographers  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Before  this  wall 
stands  the  large  model  of  the  Temple  of  Solomon  described  on  Page  49. 


PAGE  FIFTY 


The  noted  sites  portrayed  here  in  stationary  dioramas  are:  The  Dead  Sea  as  seen  from  the  Jericho 
Road,  reproducing  the  picturesque  wildness  of  the  hills  surrounding  the  place  where  ancient 
Sodom  once  stood,  and  showing,  in  the  background,  the  modern  chemical  works  of  Palestine 
Potash,  Ltd.,  where  valuable  salts  are  extracted  from  the  briny  waters;  the  old  city  of  Tiberias  on 
the  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  with  the  tomb  of  the  great  medieval  philosopher  Maimonides  in 
the  foreground,   and   featuring   Capernaum,    where    Jesus   preached   after  leaving  Nazareth; 


PAGE  FIFTY-ONE 


and  the  Holy  City  of  Jerusalem,  where  the  ancient  blends  with  the  modern — the  famous 
Tower  of  David  on  the  left,  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  and  the  Islamic  shrine  of  the  Dome 
of  the  Rock  in  the  center,  and  in  the  background  the  Mount  of  Olives  as  well  as  Mount  Scopus, 
where  stand  the  modern  structures  of  the  Hebrew  University,  the  new  Medical  College  and  the 
Rockefeller  Museum. 

Represented  in  the  dynamic  dioramas  in  this  hall  are  three  outstanding  examples  of  reclamation: 


PAGE  FIFTY-TWO 


The  rise  of  the  great  modern  metropolis  Tel  Aviv  on  a  stretch  of  scarcely  habitable  sandy  beach; 
the  change  wrought  in  the  Emek  Jezreel  (Plain  of  Esdraelon),  for  centuries  a  malaria-infested  "Val- 
ley of  Death,"  now  a  healthful  and  fruitful  Vale  of  Plenty;  and  the  development  of  the  little  fishing 
village  of  Haifa  into  a  modern  harbor  city,  the  second  largest  port  in  the  Levant.  By  a  new  optical 
device  these  panaromas,  illustrating  the  achievements  of  the  Jewish  pioneers  in  Palestine,  change 
before  the  visitor's  eyes,  one  scene  fading  into  the  other  to  an  accompaniment  of  muted  music. 


PAGE  FIFTY-THREE 


FOUNTAINHEAD  oi  CIVILIZATION 


By  THOMAS  MANN 


The  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the  New  York  World's  Fair  pre- 
sents a  picture  of  the  cultural  and  social  constructive  work  of 
the  Jews  in  Palestine,  an  undertaking  for  the  success  of  which 
men  of  Christian  birth  can  and  must  hope  as  deeply  as  does 
the  Jew.  That  country,  which  we  Christians  too  know  as  the 
Holy  Land,  is  one  of  the  fountainheads  of  Occidental  civiliza- 
tion and  religious  life. 

Today  every  thinking  mind  is  occupied  with  the  guestion  of 
the  destiny  and  the  future  of  Western  man.  And  it  is  natural 
that  interest  and  feeling  for  the  past,  the  sense  of  history  and 
tradition,  also  revive  and  grow  more  vigorous.  Our  sympathy 
for  the  Jewish  efforts  in  Palestine  is  a  brotherly  human  sym- 
pathy, for  in  this  work  loyalty  to  tradition  is  united  with  loving 
concern  for  the  future  of  humankind.  The  persecution  and  op- 
pression which  Jewry  must  suffer  today  leave  quite  unshaken 
my  conviction  that  this  race,  in  its  mixture  of  spirituality  and 
earthiness,  will  play  an  important — perhaps  a  decisive — part 
in  the  shaping  of  the  future. 

I  like  to  think  of  the  form  of  the  Palestine  Pavilion — not  pre- 
tentious, but  a  modest  building,  executed  in  the  ancient  tradi- 
tion of  the  Mediterranean  lands,  with  a  soothing  patio-court 
reflecting  the  spirit  of  the  East.  On  this  spot  an  attempt  is  being 
made  to  recreate  something  of  the  fascination  and  spell  which 
Palestine  has  for  all  of  us. 

I  also  like  to  think  of  the  Palestine  Pavilion  as  an  oasis  where 
the  visitor  to  this  wonderworld  of  the  Fair  will  find  a  few 
moments  of  restful  contemplation,  a  place  where — after  having 
viewed  the  miraculous  achievements,  the  seven  wonders  of  our 
machine  age — he  may  ask  himself  a  few  questions  about  the 
inner  meaning  of  civilization,  the  relationship  of  man  to  man, 
the  brotherhood  of  mankind. 


PAGE  FIFTY-FOUR 


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Thomas  Mann 

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THE  FOLKLORE  OF  CAPITALISM   □ 

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PAGE  FIFTY-FIVE 


THE  PALESTINE  LAND  DEVELOPMENT  COMPANY,  LTD. 

D"ya  ^N-itr        aits^n  mwan  man 

(INCORPORATED  IN  ENGLAND  IN  1909) 


and,  Qgiol&}l  Ctaona^ 


OFFICES 

JERUSALEM  TEL-AVIV  HAIFA 

P.O.B.  665  P.O.B.  139  P.O.B.  195 

LONDON  4,  College  Hill,  Cannon  Street,  E.C.  4 
NEW  YORK,  1 1  West  42nd  Street,  New  York  City 


PAGE  FIFTY-SIX 


PALESTINE  HOUSE  INC.  •  American  Center  for  Palestine  Products 
I.  M.  Kowalsky  •  10  W.  28th  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  •  LExington  2-6263 


THE    PALESTINE  ELECTRIC 

CORPORATION  LIMITED 

HEAD  OFFICE:  HAIFA,  PALESTIHE 
LOHDON    OFFICE:    2,   GROSVEHOR   GARDEHS,  S.W.I. 


THE  FIRST  JORDAN  POWER  HOUSE 

^7HE  FIRST  JORDAN  HYDRO-ELECTRIC  POWER  HOUSE  is  in  operation  since 
1 932.  The  present  capacity  is  25.500  HP. 

^7hE  HAIFA  POWER  HOUSE  was  erected  in  1934-35  and  has  at  present  3  steam 
driven  turbo-generators  installed  with  a  capacity  of  30000  Kw. 

^7HE  READING  POWER  HOUSE  Tel-Aviv  was  erected  in  1937  and  has  at  present 
2  steam  driven  turbo-generators  installed  with  a  capacity  of  24000  Kw. 

^7HE  TRANSMISSION  SYSTEM  of  the  Corporation  consists  of  over  2000  Kilo- 
metres of  Overhead  and  Underground  Lines. 


PALESTINE  HOUSE  INC.  •  American  Center  for  Palestine  Products 
L  M.  Kowalsky  •  10  W.  28th  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  •  LExington  2-6263 


PAGE  FIFTY-SEVEN 


ANGLO -PALESTINE  BANK 

LIMITED 

Gstabttshed  /Q02 

CA\PIIYA\IL   A\NID)    IRJIESIEKVES   ILIP>.   11, (0)7/^,(0) (0X0) 

LONDON  OFFICE,  10-12  WALBROOK,  E.  C.  4 
GENERAL     MANAGEMENT:  TEL-AVIV 

BRANCHES:  TEL-AVIV  (HERZL  STREET,  ALLENBY  ROAD  AND  BEN  YEHUDA  ROAD)  •  HAIFA  (COMMERCIAL  CENTRE 
AND  HADAR  HACARMEL)   •   JERUSALEM   •   JAFFA   .   TIBER  IAS   •   SAFAD   •   PET  AH  TIKVA   •   HADERA   •  REHOVOTH 


DEBENTURES 


SAFEST  INVESTMENT 
HIGH  RATE  OF  INTEREST 
READILY  NEGOTIABLE 


THE  GENERAL  MORTGAGE  BANK  OF  PALESTINE  LTD. 


TEL- AVIV 


PAGE 


FIFTY-EIGHT 


PALESTINE  HOUSE  INC.  •  American  Center  for  Palestine  Products 
I.  M.  Kowalsky  •  10  W.  28th  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  •  LExington  2-6263 


At  the  New  York  World's  Fair— 


Contemporary  Science  and  Art 
representing  79  countries 

.  .  .  are  combined  in  an  unusual  display  of  die  talents  of 
seventy-nine  painters  and  three  hundred  International 
Business  Machines  Corporation  Research  Engineers  and 
their  assistants. 

This  display  will  be  interesting  and  enlightening  to 
all  who  have  an  opportunity  to  visit  it  in  the  company's 
Gallery  of  Science  and  Art,  in  the  Business  Systems 
and  Insurance  Building  at  the  New  York  World's  Fair. 


Jewish  National  Fund,  instrument  of  land  redemp- 
tion in  Palestine:  Its  principles  and  achievements 

By  ISRAEL  GOLDSTEIN 


Betore  the  coming  of  the  hist  Jewish  pioneers  to 
Palestine  wells  and  springs  had  been  allowed  to 
dry  up,  the  land  had  been  denuded  ot  trees,  nothing 
prevented  the  sand  dunes  from  encroaching.  Only 
malarial  swamps  flourished  in  that  once  huittul 
country.  To  this  desolation  came  the  Chalutzim. 
They  drained  swamps,  built  roads,  removed  stones 
and  rocks  from  the  good  earth.  They  sowed  and 
reaped,  tought  disease  and  hostile  neighbors,  estab- 
lished a  new  homeland  lor  themselves  and  their 
children.  In  this  work  ot  redemption  the  Jewish 
National  Fund  was  the  public  instrument. 


PAGE  SIXTY 


SELF-EVIDENT  proposition  which  is  often 
forgotten  is  that  there  could  never  have 
arisen  in  Palestine  a  Jewish  National  Home 


if  there  had  not  been,  deep-rooted  in  the  Jewish 
people,  a  hunger  for  land  and  for  labor  on  the  land. 
No  amount  of  propaganda  and  admonition  can  turn 
reluctant  city  dwellers  into  successful  farmers  unless 
a  genuine  impulse  toward  a  life  on  the  soil  can  be 
called  into  cooperation.  If  within  the  span  of  a  gen- 
eration a  hundred  thousand  Jews,  the  backbone  of 
the  homeland  in  Palestine,  have  found  their  per- 
sonal destiny  in  agriculture,  abandoning  the  shop, 
the  market-place  and  the  factory  for  the  field  and 
the  plough,  the  explanation  is  that  an  inner,  spir- 
itual need  was  at  work,  much  more  potent  than 
external  economic  pressure. 


Therefore  the  public  instrument  which  is  con- 
cerned with  purchasing  tracts  of  land  in  Palestine 
as  the  perpetual  possession  of  the  Jewish  people, 
and  with  making  them  available  for  colonization, 
has  aptly  been  named  the  Jewish  National  Fund. 
The  original  Hebrew  name,  Keren  Kayemeth  le- 
Israel,  is  even  more  descriptive:  The  Fund  for  the 
Endurance  (or  Maintenance)  of  Israel.  When  Zionism 
was  a  dream  projected  on  the  screen  of  the  future, 
the  emphasis  on  relationship  to  land  gave  the  image 
its  special  character:  Jews  were  to  go  to  Palestine, 
but  the  Jewish  settlement  there  was  not  to  be  a 
replica  of  the  eternally  landless  Jewish  communities 
of  the  exile.  It  was  to  be  a  normal,  soil-bound,  soil- 
nourished  organism.  In  this  alone  could  there  be 
assurance  of  endurance  or  self-maintenance. 


PAGE  SIXTY-ONE 


Certain  personalities  stand  out  in  connection  with 
the  creation  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund:  notably 
Herman  Schapira,  a  precursor  of  Herzl,  the  founder 
of  modern  Zionism,  and  later  a  collaborator  with 
him.  Characteristically  enough,  Schapira  was  neither 
a  farmer  nor  the  son  of  a  farmer,  but  a  professor  of 
mathematics.  He  had  been  a  rabbi,  a  factory 
worker,  a  merchant  and  a  wandering  student.  His 
obsession  with  land  was  not  the  result  of  agricul- 
tural experience.  The  same  is  true  of  the  mass  of 
Jews  who  were  won  over  at  once  to  the  principle 
of  land  redemption  as  the  cornerstone  of  the  new 
movement.  That  obsession  was  the  expression  of  a 
passion  long  frustrated  but  never  crushed:  it  was 
the  old  desire  to  till  the  soil,  to  make  of  it  the  natural 
basis  of  a  national  life;  and  it  remained  in  the  lews 
in  a  state  of  suspended  animation.  The  first  oppor- 
tunity to  issue  into  action  found  it  alert  and  pre- 
pared. 

In  the  beginning  of  Zionist  history  the  opportuni- 
ties for  actual  land  purchase  and  practical  coloniza- 
tion were  restricted.  There  was  no  Balfour  Declara- 
tion, no  Mandate,  no  growing  recognition  on  the 
part  of  civilized  and  democratic  nations  that  the 
Jewish  people  could  no  longer  be  allowed  to  con- 
tinue in  its  state  of  homelessness.  But  even  so  co- 
operation in  the  Jewish  National  Fund  extended  into 
every  corner  of  Jewish  life.  By  pennies,  by  pfennige, 
by  groschen,  by  centimes  and  piastres  the  contribu- 
tions of  the  poor  came  in,  to  express  the  national 
character  of  the  idea.  But  there  was  another  ines- 
capable feature  attached  to  this  response.  Because 
it  was  national  in  character  it  incorporated  the  folk 
outlook  on  the  social  foundations  of  a  Jewish  home- 
land; the  land  to  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of 
pioneers  by  popular  subscription  should  be  fhe 
eternal  possession  of  the  people,  never  subject  to 
profiteering  and  speculation,  but  leased  to  workers 
— and  to  no  others — at  a  small  rental,  and  remain- 
ing theirs  as  long  as  they  labored  on  it. 

In  1920,  before  mass  colonization  set  in  as  the 
result  of  the  great  post-War  expansion  of  the  Jewish 
Homeland,  the  Jewish  National  Fund  had  purchased 
in  Palestine  areas  totaling  20,000  dunams  (about 
5,000  acres).  In  1939  the  holdings  had  reached 
436,000  dunams,  and  on  them  were  settled  50,000 
Jewish  land  workers,  one-half  of  the  total  Jewish 
agricultural  population  of  Palestine. 

These  figures  are  the  dry  condensation  of  a  na- 
tional epic.  The  instinctive  wisdom  of  the  people  in 
launching  a  great  popular  land  fund  side  by  side 
with  the  general  colonization  fund  has  been  vindi- 
cated on  many  counts.  There  were  economic,  po- 
litical and  psychological  advantages  of  immense 
weight  in  the  fundamental  character  of  the  Jewish 
National  Fund  and  its  manner  of  procedure.  Only 
an  institution  like  the  Keren  Kayemeth,  to  give  it  its 
popular  Hebrew  name,  could  have  enabled  settlers 
without  capital  to  go  through  the  training  of  the 
transformation,  and  to  endure  the  first  difficult  years. 
The  knowledge  that  their  privations  were  a  contribu- 
tion not  to  private  gain,  but  to  the  national  capital, 
sustained  them.  Again,  only  a  large  land-purchas- 
ing institution  was  in  a  position  to  spread  its  invest- 
ments over  large  areas,  and  therefore  to  institute 
large    amelioration    schemes    without    which  the 

A  STUDY  IN  CONTRASTS: 
Above,    TYPICAL    ARAB  VILLAGE 
Below,  TYPICAL  JEWISH  SETTLEMENT 


neglected,  swampy,  malaria-ridden  sections  would 
have  remained  as  uninhabitable  for  the  Jews  as  they 
had  been  for  the  Arabs.  Further,  the  principles  of 
labor,  of  self-labor  and  of  Jewish  labor  created  maxi- 
mum possibilities  of  employment. 

Still  another  advantage,  one  of  the  most  crucial, 
and  one  that  was  inaccessible  to  individual  acquisi- 
tion of  farm  lands,  lay  in  the  geographic  plans  of 
purchase.  Area  was  added  to  area  only  after  care- 
ful scrutiny  of  the  effect  on  the  political  needs  of  the 
Jewish  Homeland.  Considerations  of  security,  con- 
tinuity of  contact,  proximity  to  Jewish  urban  settle- 
ments entered  into  the  decisions  of  the  elected  gov- 
erning board  of  the  Keren  Kayemeth.  And  the  con- 
sequence has  been  that  the  agricultural  areas  of  the 
Jewish  Homeland  have  been  integrated  with  the 
national  needs. 

These  areas  are  still  growing,  are  still  expanding 
according  to  plan.  The  agitations  of  Arab  politicians 
and  the  pressure  of  terrorists  have  not  diminished 
the  purchases.  In  1938  the  head  of  the  Keren 
Kayemeth,  Mr.  Ussischkin,  reported  the  addition  of 
35,000  dunams  to  its  holdings.  There  are  in  prospect, 
in  upper  Galilee,  purchasable  holdings  aggregating 
half  a  million  dunams,  equaling  all  the  present  pos- 
sessions of  the  Keren  Kayemeth,  waiting  for  Jewish 
settlement  when  they  have  been  purchased  and  pre- 
pared. 

The  activities  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  have 
been  so  rounded  out  that  from  a  land-purchasing 
agency  it  has  become  a  great  general  instrument 
of  colonization.  The  following  five-point  program 
gives  a  picture  of  the  spirit  of  its  enterprise: 

First,  to  acquire  the  soil  of  Palestine  as  national 
and  inalienable  property;  second,  to  carry  on  drain- 
age work  on  land  acquired;  third,  to  re-afforest  the 
country;  fourth,  to  install  modern  water-supply  sys- 
tems in  the  colonies;  and,  fifth,  to  give  the  soil,  under 
49-year  hereditary  leases,  to  settlers  as  individuals 
or  as  collective  bodies  for  cultivation. 

This  bare  enumeration  of  functions  needs  much 
more  elaboration  than  can  be  inserted  here,  if  the 
full  significance  of  the  Keren  Kayemeth  is  to  be 
grasped.  Only  those  acquainted  with  the  ravages 
which  time,  neglect  and  conquests  have  wrought  on 
the  forests  of  Palestine  can  understand  the  meaning 
of  the  third  point.  Two  and  a  half  million  trees  have 
been  planted,  in  several  forests,  on  the  denuded  soil 
of  Palestine.  Hundreds  of  years  ago  the  forests  of 
Palestine,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  the 
country,  were  also  one  of  its  great  economic  assets, 
for  they  made  a  vast  difference  in  the  moisture 
capacity  of  the  soil.  Their  disappearance  struck  a 
blow  at  the  future  of  the  country;  their  restitution — 
a  Jewish  enterprise — is  a  national  act  of  primary  im- 
portance. The  fifth  point,  concerning  the  hereditary 
leasing  of  the  land,  embodies  a  social  principle,  and 
is  at  the  same  time  a  source  of  national  growth.  The 
land  is  not  sold,  the  purchaser  does  not  have  to  labor 
to  pay  for  it.  He  enjoys  the  usufruct  of  the  land,  and 
after  five  years  of  cultivation  merely  returns  an 
annual  rent  equivalent  to  between  one  and  two  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  the  area.  At  the  end  of  every 
fifteen  years  there  is  a  revaluation,  and  a  readjust- 
ment of  the  small  rent. 

(Continued  on  page  139) 


PAGE  SIXTY-THREE 


Agriculture 


THE  story  of  Jewish  agricul- 
tural settlement  in  Palestine 
may  be  said  to  have  begun 
with  the  establishment,  in  1870, 
of  the  Mikve  Israel  Agricultural 
Training  School  in  the  vicinity  of 
Jaffa  by  Charles  Netter,  who  had 
come  to  Palestine  as  the  delegate 
of  the  Alliance  Israelite  Univer- 
selle.  At  that  time  it  required 
more  than  ordinary  vision  to  fore- 
see the  benefits  which  the  estab- 
lishment of  an  agricultural  school 
would  bring  to  the  Jewish  popu- 
lation. The  total  number  of  Jews 
in  Palestine  in  1870  did  not  exceed 
30,000,  and  there  was  not  a  single 
farmer  among  them.  The  majority 
subsisted  on  charity,  while  a  small 
minority  drew  its  livelihood  from 
petty  artisanship  and  trade.  Net- 
ter, however,  took  a  long  view. 


a  starting  point  for  the  first  ven- 
tures in  colonization. 

In  1878  a  group  of  Orthodox 
Jews  from  Jerusalem  purchased  a 
plot  of  land  in  Mulebes,  to  the 
north  of  Jaffa.  Four  years  passed 
before  they  had  gained  a  firm 
foothold  in  the  fever-infested  plain 
and  laid  the  foundations  of  Petah 
Tikva  settlement,  which  today  has 
over  20,000  inhabitants  and  en- 
joys municipal  status.  The  same 
year  also  saw  another  turning 
point  in  the  history  of  Jewish  colo- 
nization, for  in  1882  a  number  of 
young  Palestine-inspired  people, 
or  the  "Biluim,"  as  they  came  to 
be  called,  left  their  homes  in 
Russia  and  Roumania  under  the 
influence  of  the  "Chivat  Zion" 
movement  and  came  to  Palestine, 
where  they  founded  three  agri- 


ANITA 

Achievements  and  Prospects  of  Agricultural 
Settlement  in  Palestine  .  .  . 

By  ARTHUR  RUPPIN 


He  saw  clearly  that  the  Jews  in 
Palestine  would  never  emerge 
from  their  poverty-stricken  condi- 
tion unless  they  took  up  produc- 
tive occupations,  and  agriculture 
in  particular.  He  therefore  entered 
into  long  and  ultimately  success- 
ful negotiations  with  the  Turkish 
Government  for  the  lease,  for  a 
period  of  99  years,  of  2,000  du- 
nams  of  State  land  near  Jaffa 
There  he  established  the  school 
with  funds  provided  by  the  Alli- 
ance Israelite  Universelle,  and 
there  he  was  buried  a  few  years 
later,  while  the  school  which  he 
had  founded  was  already  fully 
established. 

Although  pupils  were  few  at  the 
beginning  and  difficulties  many, 
the  establishment  of  the  school 
marked  a  turning  point  in  the 
economic  life  of  Palestine  Jewry. 
Its  activities  gradually  stimulated 
a  growth  of  interest  in  agriculture, 
and  at  the  same  time  it  served  as 


cultural  settlements:  Rishon  le- 
Zion,  to  the  south  of  Jaffa;  Zichron 
Yakob,  midway  between  Jaffa 
and  Haifa;  and  Rosh  Pinah,  in 
Galilee. 

These  settlers  brought  unlim- 
ited enthusiasm  to  the  task,  but 
scant  means  and  even  scanter 
experience;  their  enterprise  was 
therefore  in  serious  danger  of 
failure,  when  help  came  unex- 
pectedly, almost  miraculously :  the 
settlers  had  turned  for  assistance 
to  Baron  Edmond  de  Rothschild 
in  Paris,  and  what  he  heard  of 
their  enthusiasm,  their  sacrifices 
and  their  way  of  life  made  so 
deep  an  impression  upon  him 
that  he  not  only  came  to  their 
help  but  from  then  on  devoted 
his  main  energies  to  the  task  of 
Jewish  agricultural  settlement  in 
Palestine. 

Innumerable  are  the  episodes 
which  illustrate  the  close  attach- 
ment to  Palestine  of  this  "father 


of  Jewish  colonization."  No  Jew 
from  Palestine  who  came  to  Paris 
found  the  Baron's  door  closed  to 
him.  He  never  tired  of  hearing 
news  of  his  settlements,  and  gave 
his  assistance  without  stint.  For 
fifteen  years,  from  1885  to  1900,  he 
directed  the  work  himself  through 
a  staff  of  administrators  in  Pales- 
tine. He  was  not  always  fortunate 
in  choosing  assistants,  and  his 
good  intentions  were  not  always 
put  into  practice  by  his  adminis- 
trators, but  during  this  period  he 
was  instrumental  in  creating  most 
of  what  was  accomplished  in  the 
field  of  agricultural  settlement. 
Only  a  few  settlements,  such  as 
Hedera  and  Rehoboth,  were 
founded  without  his  assistance  by 
Jews  from  Palestine  or  from  East- 
ern Europe. 

In  1900  Edmond  Rothschild 
turned  the  administration  over  to 
the  Jewish  Colonization  Associa- 
tion and  placed  at  its  disposal 
funds  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
existing  and  the  establishment  of 
new  settlements.  Although  he  no 
longer  supervised  the  details  of 
administration  he  remained  in 
close  contact  with  the  work.  New 
settlements  founded  by  the  JCA 
in  Galilee  differed  from  the  older 
settlements  founded  by  Baron 
Rothschild  in  that  preference  was 
given  to  the  cultivation  of  cereals 
over  the  planting  of  vineyards. 
The  change  also  affected  the 
whole  organization,  which  be- 
came less  philanthropic  and  more 
directed  toward  making  the  set- 
tlements self-supporting  and  in- 
dependent of  financial  assistance 
from  outside. 

A  new  chapter  opened  in  1905, 
when  the  Zionist  Organization 
first  entered  the  field  of  agricul- 
tural colonization.  In  this  year  the 
Jewish  National  Fund,  which  had 
been  founded  some  years  earlier 
by  the  Zionist  Organization  on 
the  initiative  of  Professor  Her- 
mann Schapira,  purchased  sev- 
eral areas  of  land  near  the  Sea 
of  Galilee  (Kinereth),  as  well 
as  near  Jaffa  (Hulda  and  Ben 
Shemen).  The  actual  work  of  set- 
tlement, however,  did  not  begin 
before  1908,  when  the  Zionist  Or- 
ganization, after  lengthy  disputes 
between  "political"  and  "practi- 
cal" Zionists,  decided  to  under- 
take agricultural  colonization  in 
Palestine,  notwithstanding  the  lack 


PAGE  SIXTY-FOUR 


o{  legal  political  recognition  of  its  aims  deemed  indis- 
pensable by  Herzl.  The  Zionist  colonization  movement 
which  now  started  differed  from  the  earlier  ventures  in 
this  field  in  that  it  was  based  on  the  principle  of  self- 
labor:  the  settler  was  not  to  employ  hired  laborers  but 
to  work  his  plot  himself.  At  the  same  time  changes  were 
introduced  in  the  economic  structure.  Earlier  plans  had 
aimed  at  creating  a  type  of  gentleman-farmer  or  planta- 
tion owner  who  raised  citrus  fruit  or  wine,  or  alterna- 
tively the  emphasis  was  placed  on  wheat  growing. 
Zionist  colonization  by  contrast  aimed  from  the  beginning 
at  the  development  of  mixed  farming,  comprising  dairy 
farming  as  well  as  poultry  raising,  vegetable  farming  and 
orcharding.  The  first  farm  of  this  type  was  established  in 
Kinereth.  It  was  the  beginning  of  Zionist  colonization 
and  the  decisive  turning-point  in  the  history  of  Jewish 
colonization  in  Palestine.  Gradually  the  principles  of 
mixed  farming  and  self-labor  became  firmly  established, 
though  constantly  modified  in  practice. 

Originally  the  Kinereth  farm  was  administered  by  an 
agricultural  expert,  while  the  workers  received  fixed 
wages  but  had  no  share  in  the  administration.  The  de- 
fect of  this  system  was  that  it  gave  the  workers  no  incen- 
tive to  increase  production  and  took  all  responsibility 
away  from  them.  In  1909,  therefore,  a  new  experiment 
was  introduced  in  the  form  of  the  kvutza  or  collective 
settlement.     Under  this  arrangement  the  workers  as  a 


group  were  settled  on  land  belonging  to  the  Jewish 
National  Fund,  at  Daganiah,  and  a  loan  was  granted 
them.  The  initial  experiment  was  made  with  a  group 
of  seven  workers;  from  these  modest  beginnings  the 
great  kibbutz-movement  was  destined  to  grow,  which 
has  contributed  so  much  to  the  success  of  agricultural 
colonization. 

During  the  War  the  settlements  suffered,  but  none  were 
destroyed.  Immediately  the  War  was  over  an  important 
stimulus  was  given  to  colonization  by  the  establishment 
of  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund,  devoted  mainly  to  the 
development  of  agricultural  settlement.  Before  the  War 
no  central  fund  existed  for  this  purpose,  and  the  cost 
of  settlement  was  defrayed  from  a  variety  of  sources. 
With  the  aid  of  the  Foundation  Fund  it  now  became 
possible  for  the  Zionist  Organization  to  carry  out  settle- 
ment work  on  an  impressive  scale.  How  great  the  prog- 
ress was  between  1922  and  1936  may  be  gauged  from 
the  following  figures  which  were  recently  published  by 
the  Statistical  Department  of  the  Jewish  Agency: 

1922  1936 

Number  of  agricultural  settle- 
ments                                          75  203 

Number  of  settlers                        14,782  98,558 

Area  (in  dunams)                       556,950  1,231,846 

Citrus  plantations  (in  dunams)     10,155  148,860 

Since  1936  work  has  further  progressed,  notwithstand- 


LOWER  HANITA,  WITH  UPPER  HANITA  SHOWN  IN  INSERT 


PAGE  SIXTY-FIVE 


MIKVE  ISRAEL  AGRICULTURAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL 


ing  the  Arab  disturbances,  and  twenty  new  settlements 
have  been  established. 

The  scope  ol  Jewish  agricultural  production  in  1937 
is  reflected  in  the  following  figures: 

Production  of 

Eggs  „   38  million 

Milk    32  million  liters 

Wheat    109,000  tons 

Vegetables    10,500  tons 

Potatoes   2,040  tons 

Citrus  fruit  (1936-7  season)  6,742,000  cases  (export) 

Grapes    6,324  tons 

Other  fruit   3,500  tons 

The  aggregate  value  of  Jewish  agricultural  production 
in  1937  was  £P.3,79 1,000,  compared  with  £P.  1,280,000  in 
1927,  when  the  level  of  prices  was  higher. 

The  acceleration  of  growth  since  the  end  of  the  War 
becomes  even  more  striking  if  we  examine  a  particular 
district,  for  example,  the  Jordan  valley  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Lake  Tiberias.  As  mentioned  before,  the  first 
Zionist  settlement  was  founded  here  at  Kinereth  in  1909; 
the  first  settlers  numbered  25.  Today  the  district  contains 
nine  large  kvutzoth,  or  collective  settlements,  with  a 
population  of  2,500,  or  one  hundred  times  the  number  of 
settlers  in  1909. 


The  Jewish  settlements  today  supply  a  large  share  of 
the  total  Jewish  consumption  of  agricultural  products. 
Rapid  as  has  been  their  recent  growth,  their  output  can 
still  be  vastly  increased,  for  a  considerable  proportion  of 
locally  consumed  foodstuffs  is  still  imported  from  abroad. 
The  immediate  task  is  to  replace  these  imports  by  home- 
grown products.  Here  agricultural  colonization  still  has 
a  wide  field  open  to  it.  During  the  past  few  years  agri- 
culture has  been  placed  on  a  broader  and  firmer  basis 
through  the  discovery,  with  the  aid  of  new  and  improved 
methods,  of  new  sources  of  irrigation  whose  magnitude 
has  exceeded  all  expectations. 

Chief  among  the  assets  of  Jewish  colonization  in  Pales- 
tine remains  the  enthusiastic  devotion  to  work  of  the 
settlers.  With  the  valuable  experience  gained  through 
a  long  process  of  trial  and  error  it  is  far  easier  today 
than  at  the  beginning  to  translate  these  human  gualities 
into  concrete  practical  results.  Jewish  colonization  in 
Palestine  can  look  back  with  pride  on  the  past  thirty 
years.  Its  achievements  have  attracted  the  growing 
attention  of  colonization  experts  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Its  further  development,  based  on  the  experiences  of  the 
past  thirty  years,  should  progress  far  beyond  the  stage 
at  present  reached  and  raise  agriculture  to  the  place 
which  it  must  occupy  in  order  to  give  the  Palestine 
Jewish  community  a  stable  and  healthy  economic 
foundation. 


PAGE  SIXTY-SIX 


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PAGE  SIXTY-SEVEN 


PAGE  SIXTY-EIGHT 


By  CLAIRE  EPSTEIN 


pmj  mmi  mm) 


HE  great  inner  force  which  brought  men  and 
women  from  the  Jewries  of  Eastern  Europe  to 
the  undeveloped  Palestine  of  pre- War  days  to 
work  on  the  land  and  to  redeem  it  for  their  people  by 
their  labor — that  force  was  bound  to  give  birth  to 
something  new.  They  were  the  vanguard  of  a  great 
army  of  pioneers,  inspired  by  a  sense  of  dedication 
to  a  transfiguring  cause  in  the  name  of  which  they 
would  rebuild  and  at  the  same  time  themselves  be 
rebuilt  by  the  creation  of  a  community  based  on 
social  justice,  eguality  and  mutual  responsibility.  So 
it  was  that  the  communal  settlements  were  first  con- 
ceived, and  with  time  and  experience  have  become 
crystallized  into  a  synthetic  social  form.  So,  too,  co- 
operative undertakings  of  all  kinds  have  become  an 
integral  part  of  the  economic  structure  of  the  country. 

All  manner  of  undertakings  which  in  most  other 
countries  are  run  by  private  enterprise  are,  in  Pales- 
tine, run  as  cooperatives.  In  addition  to  important 
country-wide  consumers'  wholesale  and  marketing 
cooperative  societies  to  serve  all  the  labor  settlements 
and  cooperative  groups  in  the  towns  and  other  cen- 
ters, there  are  many  producers'  cooperatives,  which 
manufacture  anything  from  boxes  and  boots  to  bread 
and  building  materials.  Where  you  would  expect 
privately-owned  companies  run  for  private  profit, 
you  have  a  large  number  of  concerns  within  the 
framework  of  a  capitalist  economy  which  are  coop- 
eratively owned  and  cooperatively  worked,  and 
whose  profits  are  cooperatively  shared. 

The  Tel  Aviv  municipal  bus  service,  like  similar 
intra-urban  services  in  Haifa  and  Jerusalem,  is  a  co- 
operative company  formed  by  a  group  of  men  who 
both  drive  the  buses  and  are  responsible  for  the  run- 
ning of  the  company.  All  have  invested  a  certain 
amount  of  capital  and  all  receive  an  equal  wage 
fixed  in  accordance  with  the  level  of  the  takings.  This 
is  the  general  plan  on  which  all  Jewish  (and  some 
Arab)  road  passenger  transport  services  are  run, 
every  one  of  them  being  cooperative.  Goods  trans- 
port is  also,  to  a  large  extent,  organized  on  a  coopera- 
tive basis  and  is  coordinated  through  a  central  board 
which  fixes  tariffs  and  eliminates  the  possibility  of 
undercutting  and  competition. 

But  it  is  in  the  sphere  of  agriculture  that  there  is 
a  hundred  per  cent  cooperation.  (Even  in  the  pri- 
vately-owned plantation  colonies  the  orange-growers 
export  their  fruit  through  special  citrus  cooperatives.) 
In  the  agricultural  labor  settlements  the  cooperative 
idea  is  interpreted  economically  and  socially  in  its 
most  comprehensive  form.  The  labor  settlements  take 
two  forms:  (1)  the  cooperative  small-holders'  group 
(Hebrew:  Moshav  Ovdim)  where  the  family  is  the 
basic  unit  and  the  farms,  identical  in  acreage,  are 
worked  without  hired  labor;  and  (2)  the  communal 
group  (Hebrew:  Kibbutz  or  Kvutza) ,  where  the 
estate,  economy,  education  and  social  services  are 


run  by  the  group 
communally  for 
all  its  members.  In 
both  forms  of  la- 
bor settlements 
the  buying  of  seed,  agricultural  equipment,  etc.,  and 
all  marketing  of  produce  is  done  cooperatively 
through  appropriate  organizations. 

Like  the  European  guilds  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the 
labor  settlements,  whose  cornerstone  is  cooperation 
and  mutual  assistance,  cannot  be  regarded  merely  as 
economic  units.  That  same  spirit  which  binds  them 
together  for  cooperative  economic  purposes  is  the 
inspiration  of  their  whole  system  of  living.  Particu- 
larly is  this  true  of  the  communal  settlements,  which 
are  the  nuclei  of  a  social  structure  which  implements 
cooperation  in  every  sphere.  Here  the  pooling  of 
initial  assets  is  complete,  all  members  discarding  in- 
dividual ownership  and  jointly  developing  the  com- 
mon stock.  The  work  is  apportioned  equally  to  all 
(allowing  for  the  demands  for  specialized  needs), 
and  no  wages  are  paid.  (In  cases  where  a  member 
works  outside  the  communal  group  economy  his 
wages  are  paid  to  the  group).  Profits  from  the  group 
enterprises  are  used  for  the  improvement  of  the 
group's  amenities  and  economic  status.  But  the  com- 
plete equality  of  all  members  of  communal  groups 
makes  of  them  the  symbol  of  a  new  form  of  living — 
the  sign-post  finger  pointing  out  the  way. 

The  men  and  women  who  voluntarily  discarded 
personal  property  and  the  individualist  life  in  favor 
of  group  living  are  indeed  pioneers.  The  pattern  of 
their  lives  colors  the  new  social  fabric.  But  they  are 
pioneers  in  yet  another  sense;  for  they  it  is  who  hurry 
to  undertake  new  and  difficult  tasks  which  are  made 
essential  by  the  process  of  the  establishment  of  the 
Jewish  people  in  Palestine.  So,  twenty  years  ago. 
they  drained  malarial  swamps  and  turned  them  into 
fertile  fields;  so,  today,  they  have  formed  the  spear- 
head of  the  workers  employed  by  the  Palestine 
Potash  Company  under  naturally  gruelling  conditions 
at  the  Southern  end  of  the  Dead  Sea,  where  the  cli- 
mate is  sub-tropical;  so,  also,  it  is  this  human  material 
which  has  established  the  "out-post"  colonies  in  the 
face  of  isolation  and  certain  danger. 

The  constancy  of  purpose  which  makes  men  volun- 
teer for  the  most  difficult  tasks  without  reward,  be- 
cause the  tasks  themselves  symbolize  and  embody 
certain  ideals — this  is  the  key  to  the  new  Palestine, 
the  kernel  of  an  extensively  socialized  community 
within  the  shell  of  a  social  structure  which  is  basically 
similar  to  that  of  most  other  Western  countries. 

The  labor  settlements,  the  readiness  to  "conquer" 
new  fields  of  labor  and  the  desire  for  cooperative  as- 
sociations— all  these  are  inspired  by  the  same  sense 
of  community  advantage  and  solidarity  which  is  so 
much  felt  in  Palestine.  In  times  of  difficulty  mutual 
responsibility  is  particularly  strongly  felt.  So  you  have 
in  Palestine  a  unique  method  of  combating  unem- 
ployment whereby  the  body  of  employed  workers 
contributes  to  an  Unemployment  Fund  which,  by 
{Continued  on  page  131) 


PAGE  SIXTY-NINE 


Town  Planning 


NOWHERE  does  a  span  of  ten  miles  provide  greater 
contrasts  in  the  techniques  of  the  world's  oldest 
activity,  the  making  of  human  shelter,  than  along  the 
broad  sweep  of  Haifa-Acre  Bay.  Crusader  buildings 
jostle  palaces  of  Ottoman  pashas.  From  the  height  of 
Carmel  austere  houses  reflecting  the  newest  in  modern 
architecture  glimpse  down  on  Bedouin  goat-hair  tents 
whose  style  was  venerable  in  the  days  of  Moses.  Five 
miles  lie  between  the  two,  and  five  thousand  years. 
Though  not  to  the  same  extent  in  all  parts  of  the  land, 
such  contrast  in  habitations  is  a  keynote  of  Palestine. 

To  the  old  diversity  the  multiformity  of  post-War  im- 
migration brought  new  confusion.  Because  a  Jew  from 
Samarkand  builds  differently  than  one  who  comes  from 
New  York,  an  anarchy  of  styles  sprang  up.  Foreign 
influences  were  introduced,  unrelated  to  either  climatic 
conditions  or  the  cultural  temper  of  the  land. 

With  the  onrush  of  immigration  calling  for  more  and 
more  housing,  circumstances  pressed  ahead  of  plans. 
Public  opinion  was  deeply  concerned  over  the  housing 
problem  but  largely  indifferent  to  the  way  it  was  being 
solved.  Even  the  authorities  all  too  frequently  turned 
a  blind  eye  on  infractions  of  minimum  town-planning 
regulations  concerning  height  and  light,  frontages  and 
built-on  areas. 

In  the  rural  sphere,  where  growth  was  less  feverish, 
time  and  space  more  ample,  the  situation  was  some- 
what better.  Most  of  the  post-war  settlements,  more- 
over, were  established  by  a  central  agency,  the  Zionist 
Organization,  which  could — and  did — adopt  systematic 
planning  of  villages,  and  ensured  its  execution. 


around  a  central  axis,  the  backbone  of  the  settlement, 
in  the  center  of  which  was  the  farmyard.  Farm  build- 
ings were  completely  separated  from  household  build- 
ings, but  all  were  organically  bound  together.  The  din- 
ing hall,  usually  the  social  and  cultural  nerve-center  of 
the  kvutza,  was  set  between  the  farmyard  and  the  liv- 
ing quarters. 

There  are  233  Jewish  agricultural  villages  in  Palestine, 
190  of  them  the  product  of  the  post- War  years.  Through 
the  watchfulness  of  the  Zionist  authorities  and  of  semi- 
public  and  private  settlement  and  credit  institutions, 
such  as  the  Palestine  Jewish  Colonization  Association, 
Palestine  Economic  Corporation  and  Rural  and  Subur- 
ban Settlement  Company,  almost  all  the  newer  villages 
are  wholly  or  largely  planned  in  advance.  So  in  them, 
at  least,  natural  dignity  and  human  contentment  have  a 
solid  material  base. 

In  probably  no  other  city  in  the  world,  proportion- 
ately, have  such  vast  sums  from  charitable  sources  been 
spent  on  combating  housing  distress  as  in  Jerusalem. 
But  because  these  expenditures  lacked  expert  guidance 
the  slum  problem  has  been  intensified,  the  task  of  the 
town-planner  rendered  more  difficult.  In  recent  years  a 
comprehensive  town  plan  was  adopted  and  provision 
made  for  a  primary  need,  more  open  space.  But  civi- 
lized living  in  Jerusalem  has  much  leeway  to  make  up. 

Nor  are  all  the  more  recent  buildings  worthy  of  its 
natural  beauty,  dignity  and  associations.  Yet  many  of 
the  houses  in  the  suburbs  and  a  number  of  the  public 
buildings  are  models  of  simple-lined  beauty  and  dig- 
nity— qualities  not  difficult  to  attain  by  use  of  the  mag- 


The  Valley  of  Jezreel,  in  1921,  was  the  first  scene  of 
successful  large-scale  planning.  The  planner,  Richard 
Kaufmann,  began  with  the  building  of  a  groundwork 
of  such  vital  considerations  as  economic  principles, 
health,  security  and  communications.  But  in  the  struc- 
ture reared  on  it  the  human  factor  was  equally  decisive. 
The  new  and  composite  Jewish  peasant  life  in  Palestine 
is  different  from  peasant  life  in  most  other  lands.  The 
village  must  be  different  also;  it  must  reflect  the  settler's 
desire  for  contact  and  cooperation  with  his  neighbors 
and  for  a  highly  developed  common  cultural  life. 

The  village  that  emerged,  Nahalal,  has  become  the 
standard  type  of  the  moshav  (smallholder  village). 
Laid  out  in  a  perfect  circle,  its  economic  and  social  life 
is  focused  in  the  center.  Here,  in  a  park,  stands  the  vil- 
lage hall,  which  is  also  the  theatre;  around  it  are  ranged 
the  school,  hospital,  cooperative  stores  and  other  com- 
munal offices.  Behind  the  ring  of  homesteads,  in  the 
segment  of  a  greater  circle  concentric  with  the  first,  are 
the  garden,  vegetable  patch,  poultry-run  and  outhouses 
of  each  homestead.  Beyond  this  again,  like  the  spokes 
of  an  enormous  wheel,  stretch  the  actual  farms. 

The  farmhouses  are  small.  Few  have  more  than  two 
rooms,  enclosed  verandah,  kitchen  and  bathroom.  But 
each  has  a  garden,  planted  with  palms,  rose-bushes 
and  a  variety  of  flowers.  There  is  both  privacy  and 
flexibility,  as  well  as  an  air  of  rural  peace. 

Geva  and  Ein  Harod,  the  first  planned  kvutzoth,  fol- 
lowed. The  completely  communal  form  of  life  here  dic- 
tated the  structure  of  the  village.   The  whole  was  built 


nificent  pink  and  white  stone  that  abounds  in  the 
nearby  hills. 

Tel  Aviv,  risen  from  the  sand,  is  built  principally  of 
concrete  and  brick;  and  because  of  its  phenomenal 
growth  in  under  thirty  years  has  more  jerry-building 
and  crudities  than  any  other  city  in  the  country.  But  it 
is  striving  today  toward  a  new  urbanity,  beginning  to 
distinguish  between  dignity  and  gracelessness,  between 
essentials  and  inessentials  in  comfort  and  decoration, 
and  learning  how  best  to  fuse  the  essentials  that  remain. 

Its  vigorous  municipal  government  ensures  that  new 
quarters  exhibit  better  planning  and  more  dignity  than 
the  old,  and  has  itself  evolved  a  number  of  ambitious 
town-planning  schemes.  Notable  among  these  is  a 
large  new  civic  center  that  will  contain  not  only  the 
municipal  building  but  also  a  theatre  (already  erected), 
a  museum  and  a  park,  the  whole  encircled  by  wide 
boulevards  and  a  central  belt  of  trees.  Another  plan 
has  been  drawn  up  which  may  completely  transform 
the  neglected  seashore.  The  scheme  is  to  reclaim  a 
long  strip  of  land,  150  meters  wide,  from  the  sea  and 
on  it  to  provide  an  open  space,  a  marine  drive  and 
promenade  and  an  arcaded  esplanade  along  which  will 
stand  hotels,  a  shopping  center  and  places  of  entertain- 
ment. The  cost  will  be  $15,000,000.  But  in  normal  times 
that  is  not  beyond  either  the  enterprise  or  the  capacity 
of  Tel  Aviv.  On  the  fringe  of  Tel  Aviv,  just  beyond 
Jaffa,  is  Kiriath  Avoda  -Labor  Town — an  example  of 
what  can  be  done  by  organized  mutual  aid.  It  is  one 
of  the  twelve  urban  (Continued  on  page  100) 


PAGE  SEVENTY-ONE 


KEREN  HAYESOD  •  .  . 

By  HUGO  HERRMANN 


AMERICAN  Jewry's  participation  in  the  recon- 
struction ol  the  Jewish  National  Home  has 
b  manifested  itsell  in  ever  increasing  support 
of  the  United  Palestine  Appeal,  which  combines  the 
twin  agencies  of  Palestine  rebuilding — the  Jewish 
National  Fund  and  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund. 

Through  the  instrumentality  of  the  United  Palestine 
Appeal  the  Jews  of  the  United  States  have  derived  a 
clearer  understanding  of  the  basic  importance  ol  the 
national  funds  as  the  pillars  of  rebirth  and  revival  for 
the  ancient  Jewish  homeland  in  Palestine.  The  unifi- 
cation of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  and  the  Palestine 
Foundation  Fund  in  the  United  Palestine  Appeal  has 
a  far  deeper  significance  than  the  mere  combination 
of  two  agencies  concerned  with  the  development  ol 
Palestine.  Perhaps  one  ol  the  greatest  services  that 
the  United  Palestine  Appeal  has  perlormed  is  the 
torceful  emphasis  it  has  placed  upon  the  need  lor 
greater  solidarity,  unity  and  planning  in  the  forward 
progress  of  the  Yishub.  It  has  with  dramatic  effective- 
ness underlined  the  inter-relationship  between  the 
responsibilities  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  and  those 
ol  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund.  It  has  stressed  the 
fundamental  needs  of  extending  the  purchase  and 
reclamation  of  land  and  enlarging  the  scope  of  agri- 
cultural and  economic  development  which  are  the 
respective  spheres  of  activity  of  the  Jewish  National 
Fund  and  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund. 

Especially  in  this  crucial  moment  of  decision  lor  the 
luture  ol  the  Jewish  National  Home  is  it  ol  importance 
that  the  Jews  of  America  give  full  recognition  to  the 
United  Palestine  Appeal,  which  combines  within  itself 
the  rebuilding  activities  so  vital  to  the  further  develop- 
ment of  Palestine. 

What  has  been  achieved  in  Palestine  in  the  past 
two  decades  represents  a  graphic  record  of  the  his- 
toric accomplishments  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund 


and  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund.  As  the  Yishub 
enters  the  third  decade  ol  the  epic  ol  Jewish  national 
revival  these  two  agencies  are  being  called  upon  to 
assume  greater  tasks  and  greater  responsibilities. 
The  United  Palestine  Appeal  will  be  the  medium 
through  which  American  Jewry  will  have  the  oppor- 
tunity to  share  in  increasing  measure  in  the  flower- 
ing ol  the  Jewish  National  Home  to  which  so  many 
hundreds  ol  thousands  ol  our  less  lortunate  fellow 
Jews  in  European  lands  look  lor  salvation  and  revival. 

• 

One  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  building  of  the  Jew- 
ish Homeland — unique  perhaps  in  the  history  of 
colonization — is  that  it  had  to  be  begun  by  amateurs 
who  in  time  became  experts  through  the  very  process 
of  building.  This  applies  not  only  to  the  directors  of 
the  activities  on  the  soil  and  in  the  cities  of  Palestine. 
It  is  equally  true  of  those  who  founded  the  movement 
for  the  rehabilitation  of  the  land,  and  created,  through- 
out the  Jewries  of  the  world,  the  instruments  for  giving 
it  effect. 

When  a  free  and  independent  nation  takes  up  a 
colonization  program  for  its  surplus  population  it 
does  not  have  to  go  out  and  collect  funds.  It  has  a 
treasury,  replenished  by  taxation,  for  that  purpose  as 
for  others.  The  Jews,  nowhere  independent,  and 
seldom  free,  had  first  to  learn  how  to  create  a  volun- 
teer treasury  department:  like  their  forefathers  in 
Egypt  they  had  to  make  bricks  without  straw,  that  is, 
create  funds  without  being  able  to  impose  taxes. 
While  Jews  in  Palestine  were  learning  how  to  plough, 
build  houses,  lay  roads,  organize  communities,  Jews 
everywhere  else  were  learning  the  intricacies  of  the 
management  of  a  Treasury. 

The  greatest  difficulty  encountered  was  not  lack  of 
generosity  among  Jews:  Jews  have  a  well-merited 
reputation  for  openhandedness.  It  was  the  absence 
(Continued  on  page  139) 


ANGLO-PALESTINE  BANK  IN  TEL  AVIV 


JEWISH  AGENCY 


A  people  without  a  government  organizes  a  Treasury  Department. 

•PALESTINE  FOUNDATION  FOND 


BUILDINGS  IN  JERUSALEM 


TYPICAL  SCHOOL  HOUSE 


PAGE  SEVENTY-FOUR 


THE  YISHHB 

TWELVE  "BATTALIONS  OF  JEWS  NOW 
SERVING  ON  ARDUOUS  AND  DANGEROUS  DUTY 

T 

Ihere  are  at  present  about  11,000  Jews  (equivalent  to  twelve  bat- 
talions in  the  British  Army)  serving  in  various  defense  forces  in 
Palestine.  Of  these,  6,000  bear  firearms,  while  the  rest  are  Reserve 
Militia.  Three  thousand  men  are  on  the  Government  pay-roll,  while 
9,000  are  paid  by  private  organizations  or  are  voluntary  special 
constables,  guards  and  watchmen.  These  latter  do  duty  by  night  in 
towns  and  villages,  military  camps,  outside  public  buildings,  along 
the  railway  line,  and  on  patrols. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  various  categories  in  which  these 
young  Jews  are  serving.  Early  last  year,  the  Government  created  a 
special  force  of  450  Jewish  supernumerary  constables  to  guard  the 
railway  line  from  Lydda  to  Haifa.  They  were  placed  on  duty  in 
watch-towers,  armored  coaches  and  sandbagged  posts,  and  guarded 
twenty-three  points  in  Arab  districts.  Some  also  joined  the  Army  as 
mobile  units  to  patrol  the  railway  line.  In  July  and  August,  when  the 
Arab  terror  was  intensified  and  the  Government  began  to  disarm 
the  Arab  police  and  ghaffirim,  nearly  1,000  Jews  were  recruited  as 
paid  supernumeraries  and  charged  with  the  protection  of  the  water 
pipe-line  to  Jerusalem  and  many  other  important  points. 

Similar  units  of  defenders  were  established  at  Haifa  for  the  de' 
fense  of  the  town  and  the  surrounding  district;  and  several  hundred 
civilians,  known  as  Special  Police,  were  sworn  in  to  guard  the  sub- 
urbs in  Haifa,  Tel  Aviv  and  Jerusalem.  The  Army  also  enrolled  some 
200  men  as  auxiliary  guards  to  work  with  battalions  camped  in  four- 
teen Arab  towns  and  villages,  and  these  men  participate  in  all  Army 
operations. 

Perhaps  the  most  courageous  of  these  units  are  the  "night  squads" 
in  the  Emek,  which  are  composed  of  supernumerary  constables 
skilled  in  military  tactics,  who  assist  the  Army  in  night  operations 
such  as  counter-ambushes  and  protecting  the  pipe-line.  There  are 
about  100  Jewish  watchmen  in  these  squads,  of  whom  fifty  are 
active,  and  they  have  already  performed  deeds  of  the  greatest  dar- 
ing. As  small  groups  they  have  frequently  fought  large  armed  Arab 


gangs  without  waiting  for  assistance,  and  carry  out  other 
equally  arduous  duties  under  most  trying  conditions. 

The  organization  of  the  supernumerary  police  was  over- 
hauled in  April,  1938,  when  sixty  sergeants  and  241  corporals, 
corresponding  to  the  number  of  defense  posts  in  the  country, 
were  appointed.  They  were  equipped  with  a  first-aid  squad, 
and  the  ten  mobile  squads  used  small,  fast  lorries  and  armored 
cars.  A  British  police  officer  was  appointed  for  each  district  to 
supervise  the  force,  to  act  as  paymaster,  issue  uniforms,  swear 
in  recruits,  superintend  the  exchange  and  repair  of  rifles,  issue 
ammunition  and  stores,  and  perform  other  supervisory  duties. 
There  are  five  such  officers,  who  are  assisted  by  Jewish  clerical 
personnel. 

The  young  Jewish  defenders  are  trained  by  British  police  and 
military  personnel,  the  training  course  lasting  a  month;  a  spe- 
cial library  has  been  established,  and  there  are  Hebrew  text- 
books for  all  branches  of  manual  training. 


'They  shall  not  pass"  is 
the  slogan  of  fhese  Jewish 
sentries  as  they  stand 
guard  on  watch  -  towers, 
on  the  highway  or  in 
open  fields. 


I 


PAGE  SEVENTY-FIVE 


TWENTY-SEVEN  years  ago,  on  one 
of  the  large  European  liners  pull- 
ing out  of  New  York  harbor,  two 
young  American  trained  nurses  were 
bound  for  far-away  Jerusalem,  where 
they  planned  to  start  Hadassah's  pro- 
gram for  district  nursing,  maternity  and 
eye  work. 

Five  years  later,  when  almost  four 
years  of  war  had  devastated  Palestine 
and  ravaged  its  population,  a  second 
contingent  left  New  York — the  Zionist 
Medical  Unit  organized  by  Hadassah 
and  consisting  of  forty-four  doctors, 
nurses,  dentists  and  sanitation  experts. 
It  had  taken  a  year  and  a  half  to  as- 
semble the  Unit  and  the  medical  sup- 
plies. Silently,  almost  stealthily,  the 
ship,  camouflaged  against  the  perils  of 
war,  left  the  harbor.  None  of  the  cus- 
tomary bustle  marked  its  departure, 
since  secrecy  had  to  be  preserved  for 
greater  safety. 

One  of  the  young  Palestinian  girls 
who  served  as  a  practical  nurse  in 
Jerusalem  during  the  War,  and  who 
eventually  was  graduated  from  Hadas- 
sah's first  class  of  nurses,  later  re- 
counted the  story  of  how  the  news  of 
the  Unit's  arrival  percolated  through 
the  suffering  community  and  of  the 
rejoicing  as  the  word  was  passed: 
"American  doctors  and  nurses  have 
arrived.  Help  has  come." 


ROSE  HALPRIN 


Hospitals  and  clinics  were  estab- 
lished in  quick  succession  in  the  main 
cities  of  Palestine.  In  Jerusalem  and 
Safad  the  old  Rothschild  Hospitals  were 
taken  over  by  Hadassah.  A  Nurses' 
Training  School  was  opened  in  Jeru- 
salem. Anti-trachoma  work  was  insti- 
tuted to  fight  the  ravages  of  this  dread- 
ful eye  disease  of  the  Near  East.  Mater- 
nity services,  pre-natal  and  post-natal 
medical  care  were  organized  to  combat 
the  excessively  high  infant  mortality 
which  flourished  in  the  fertile  ground  of 
superstitious  practices  and  Oriental 
fatalism. 

Then  came  peace  and  the  conversion 
of  the  Zionist  Unit  into  the  Hadassah 
Medical  Organization.  The  issuance  of 
the  Balfour  Declaration  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  British  Mandate  over 
Palestine  quickened  mass  immigration 
into  the  Land.  Jewish  workers  began 
to  break  stones,  build  roads,  drain 
swamps,  plant  eucalyptus  trees  and 
sow  a  soil  long  neglected.  As  the  van- 
guard of  Jewish  labor  moved  forward, 
the  Hadassah  nurse  and  doctor  went 


with  them.  Typhus,  typhoid  and  malaria 
were  fought  and  largely  conquered, 
sanitation  safeguarded,  food  and  water 
supervised. 

Gradually  the  forces  of  order  were 
established  and  a  civil  administration 
took  over  the  Government  of  Palestine 
from  the  temporary  Military  Commis- 
sion. Hadassah's  tactics  changed  as 
the  young  Jewish  community  grew  in 
numbers  and  strength,  and  as  Govern- 
ment assumed  responsibility  for  sani- 
tation and  epidemic  precautions.  Its 
defensive  medical  strategy  was  rein- 
forced by  offensive  methods.  A  coun- 
try-wide system  of  preventive  health 
work  was  established.  Twenty-six  in- 
fant welfare  stations  throughout  the 
land  began  to  teach  mothers  the  es- 
sentials of  infant  care.  From  131  deaths 
per  1,000  Jewish  infants  in  1925,  the 
figure  was  reduced  to  57  per  1,000  in 
1938.  The  Hadassah  nurse  who,  in  the 
early  days,  had  to  knock  vainly  at 
doors  which  remained  shut  for  fear  of 
the  evil  eye  and  because  of  deep- 
rooted  resistance  to  new-fangled  ideas 
of  health,  found  them  opened  willingly 
as  the  community  learned  that  the 
Hadassah  "sister"  brought  health  and 
healing. 

A  modern  system  of  school  hygiene 
was  developed  which  today  supervises 
approximately   58,000   children   in  the 


PAGE  SEVENTY-SIX 


Jewish  schools.  Favus,  a  disease  which 
affected  more  than  68  per  cent  of  the 
school  children,  was  completely  eradi- 
cated. In  schools  and  district  clinics, 
children  and  whole  families  came  daily 
to  receive  the  eye  treatments  which 
meant  the  blessed  gift  of  sight  retained. 
Into  the  isolated  villages  and  agricul- 
tural settlements  went  the  circuit  oph- 
thalmologist and  eye  nurses — on  don- 
key, on  horseback,  in  carts  or  on  foot. 
The  work  was  continuous,  often  heroic, 
and  today  Hadassah  can  point  to  a  re- 
duction in  trachoma  from  34  per  cent  in 
1918  to  4  per  cent  in  1938. 

Anti-tuberculosis  work  was  organized 
and  the  first  tuberculosis  hospital — the 
only  one  in  the  country — was  opened 
in  Safad.  Cooperating  with  the  local 
Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  Hadassah  es- 
tablished tuberculosis  clinics,  prophy- 
lactic work  and  district  nursing. 

Successive  waves  of  immigration 
brought  Western  Jews  eager  to  co- 
operate with  nurse  and  doctor.  Health 
insurance  groups  were  organized,  which 
adopted  the  standards  of  Hadassah's 
work  and  eventually  assumed  a  large 
part  of  the  responsibility  for  health 
services  as  the  community  grew  from 
50,000  to  more  than  400,000  in  the 
space  of  two  decades. 

A  rapidly  expanding  community,  the 
dynamic  forces  of  a  pulsating  develop- 
ment drew  Hadassah  out  of  the  con- 
fines of  its  health  program.  Its  work 
for  children  and  youth  was  broadened 
from  the  purely  medical,  to  comprise 
a    wider    program    for    child  welfare 


activities.  Hadassah  organized  lunch- 
eons in  the  schools  and  introduced  the 
teaching  of  nutrition  and  dietetics.  With 
a  fund  left  by  Mrs.  Bertha  Guggen- 
heimer  it  opened  the  first  playground 
in  Palestine  and  expanded  the  recre- 
ational activity  to  include  both  urban 
and  rural  districts.  Two  Health  Centers 
in  Jerusalem  and  Tel  Aviv,  erected  for 
Hadassah  by  the  late  Nathan  Strauss, 
became  the  hub  from  which  health  edu- 
cation was  disseminated  to  the  com- 
munity. In  the  Jerusalem  Center  the 
first  dental  clinic  for  children  and  the 
first  orthopedic  classes  were  opened. 

As  the  Zionist  reality  became  the 
pivotal  point  in  the  hopes  of  thousands 
and  tens  of  thousands  of  Jews  scattered 
throughout  the  world,  and  the  national 
renaissance  took  form  and  shape,  Ha- 
dassah was  urged  to  provide  ever  ex- 
panding services.  In  those  years  of 
rapid  development  it  could  not  pause 
to  gather  reserves  for  building  or  afford 
the  luxury  of  allocating  funds  to  house 
its  projects  in  modern,  up-to-date  insti- 
tutions. Only  as  the  Palestine  commu- 
nity was  able  to  assume  responsibility 
for  certain  of  its  health  institutions  did 
Hadassah  feel  free  to  undertake  a 
building  program. 

For  many  years,  together  with  the 
American  Jewish  Physicians  Commit- 
tee, it  had  been  planning  the  erection 
of  a  medical  center  in  Jerusalem.  In 
the  spring  of  1935  the  first  cornerstone 
was  laid.  In  the  fall  of  1936  building 
was  begun.  Throughout  three  years  of 
disorders,    during    periods    when  the 


roads  were  unsafe,  when  the  stone 
quarries  on  the  outskirts  of  Jerusalem 
were  exposed  to  constant  danger,  hun- 
dreds of  Jewish  workers  stood  at  their 
posts,  quarrying,  excavating  and  build- 
ing. Close  to  six  hundred  workers  were 
directly  and  indirectly  employed  for 
three  years  in  connection  with  the  work 
of  construction  and  equipment. 

Today  the  three  units  of  the  Hadas- 
sah-University  Medical  Center  stand 
complete:  the  imposing  Rothschild-Ha- 
dassah-University  Hospital,  the  Henri- 
etta Szold  School  of  Nursing  and  the 
Nathan  Ratnoff  building  for  the  Medi- 
cal School.  The  hill  on  which  they 
stand  represents  the  historical  conti- 
nuity of  the  present-day  Jewish  renais- 
sance with  Israel's  past.  From  this  hill 
Titus  destroyed  ancient  Jerusalem,  and 
on  this  hill  the  modern  Jew,  Phoenix- 
like, has  raised  again  the  standard  of 
his  culture  and  his  ideals.  The  build- 
ings of  the  new  Medical  Center  stand 
as  a  concrete  symbol  of  the  dramatic 
achievement  of  Hadassah,  which 
brought  modern  health  standards  to  an 
ancient,  long  neglected  land  —  an 
achievement  which,  within  the  short 
space  of  twenty-five  years,  has  so 
changed  the  character  of  life  in  Pales- 
tine that  it  is  already  difficult  to  recall 
that  malaria,  typhus,  trachoma  and 
cholera  overran  the  land  only  two 
decades  ago. 

With  the  opening  of  the  new  Roth- 
schild-Hadassah-University  Hospital  af- 
filiated with  the  Hebrew  University, 
(Continued  on  page  110) 


Srafue  symbol- 
izing health  on 


exhibit  in 
vilion 


Pa- 


in THE  FOREGROUND,  MEDICAL  CENTER  UNDER  CONSTRUCTION 


PAGE  SEVENTY-SEVEN 


By  ISRAEL  ROKACH 


WHEN  the  World's  Fair  opens  in  New  York  it  will  be 
thirty  years  since  the  founding  of  the  city  of  Tel 
Aviv.  Therefore  it  would  be  fitting  at  this  jubilee 
to  make  a  resume  of  the  history  of  this  first  all-Jewish  city, 
around  which  have  been  woven  many  legends,  capturing 
the  hearts  and  imaginations  of  myriads  of  people  in  all 
parts  of  the  world.  Indeed,  the  creation  known  as  Tel 
Aviv  is  nothing  short  of  a  miracle. 

Little  more  than  three  decades  ago  the  Jewish  children 
who  were  living  in  the  Arab  town  of  Jaffa  used  to  wander 
to  the  adjacent  sand  dunes  in  search  of  adventure.  It  was 
on  these  sand  dunes — desolate  wasteland  bordering  on  the 
Mediterranean  Sea — that  the  foundation  for  the  first  house 
in  Tel  Aviv  was  laid.  Since  that  time  the  city  has  passed 
through  the  vicissitudes  of  a  world  war;  three  internal  up- 
risings of  the  Arab  population  in  Palestine;  and  recurrent 
waves  of  immigration.  Yet  on  its  thirtieth  birthday  this  city, 
one  of  the  youngest  in  the  world,  is  recognized  as  one  of 
the  economic,  industrial  and  cultural  centers  of  the  entire 
Middle  East. 


It  was  just  after  the  World  War  that  the  city  was  given 
the  Hebrew  name  Tel  Aviv  (Hill  of  Spring).  Fifteen 
years  ago  it  was  still  a  minor  township  with  a  popula- 
tion of  15,000.  Today  the  town-planning  area  extends 
over  11,000  dunams.  There  is  a  population  of  175,000. 
Owing  to  its  port,  it  has  superseded  Jaffa  as  the  gate- 
way to  Zion  and  has  already  welcomed  tens  of  thou- 
sands to  its  shores.  It  has  a  symphony  orchestra  of 
75  members.  It  has  a  museum,  a  zoo,  three  theatrical 
repertory  companies,  57  periodicals,  seven  public 
libraries.  There  are  30,000  children  attending  schools, 
about  half  of  them  receiving  instruction  in  the  thirty 
municipal  schools.  It  is  the  sole  city  in  the  Middle  East 
which  is  equipped  to  give  free  education  to  every  child 
in  the  city  and  immediate  suburbs.  There  are  about 
three  thousand  factories  and  workshops,  with  an  annual 
output  worth  $17,059,200.  The  municipal  bus  service 
carries  some  34,179,000  passengers  on  the  14  urban 
lines.   In  the  current  year,  1938-39,  the  Tel  Aviv  budget 


Thirty  Years  Ago  .  .  .  Sand  Dunes 


will  exceed  the  two  million  mark,  with  a  revenue  esti- 
mated at  $2,659,485  and  an  expenditure  of  $2,613,285. 

The  romance,  the  adventure,  the  hardships  and  the 
challenge  of  creating  a  city  and  industrial  center  from 
wasteland  can  best  be  understood  by  Americans,  who 
were  themselves  pioneers  such  a  short  while  ago.  It  is 
not  many  years  since  Tel  Aviv  was  compared  to  West- 
em  American  towns  during  the  hardy  "covered  wagon" 
era.  Also,  our  Asiatic  metropolis  has  inherited  the 
name  applied  to  America  at  the  end  of  the  nineteenth 
century — "the  melting  pot";  Chinese,  Indian,  and 
Abyssinian  Jews  can  be  found  among  the  representa- 
tives of  all  nations  who  comprise  our  cosmopolitan 
population. 

The  founders  of  Tel  Aviv  in  1909  numbered  sixty 
people.  Their  little  settlement  was  regarded  as  a  resi- 
dential suburb  of  Jaffa.  In  fact,  it  was  called  Schunat 
Ahuzat  Bayit  (Householders'  Quarter).  Industrial  life 
centered  about  Jaffa  and  her  port,  which  was  the  com- 
mercial key  to  the  country.  Development  of  the  new 
Jewish  suburb  was  slow,  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
World  War  the  population  was  forced  to  evacuate. 
During  the  time  that  they  were  exiled  from  Jaffa  it  was 


feared  that  Schunat  Ahuzat  Bayit  would  be  wiped  off 
the  map  completely. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  and  with  the  British  occupa- 
tion of  the  country,  however,  an  era  of  growth  and 
development  began.  In  1921,  after  the  first  Arab  up- 
rising during  British  rule,  official  status  was  granted  to 
this  quarter.  It  was  allowed  a  local  government,  led 
by  an  elected  council  invested  with  power  to  impose 
taxes  for  municipal  services  to  the  inhabitants.  This 
was  the  first  time  that  a  Jewish  territorial  unit  had  been 
granted  to  those  who  were  returning  to  revive  the  an- 
cient land  of  their  forefathers.  It  was  an  occasion  for 
great  rejoicing.  Meir  Dizengoff  became  the  head  of 
this  newly  created  Jewish  municipality  and  remained 
its  mayor  until  his  death  a  few  years  ago.  His  untiring 
energy,  foresight  and  boundless  love  for  the  city  and  its 
population  earned  for  him  the  name  "Father  of  Tel 
Aviv."  Before  his  death  he  was  privileged  to  see  his 
most  cherished  dream  realized — the  opening  of  the  Port 
of  Tel  Aviv.  This  was,  indeed,  the  last  public  function 
he  attended;  he  came  to  the  shore  from  his  sick  bed  to 
see  the  first  bag  of  cement  unloaded  in  the  port  which 
again  joined  the  people  of  Israel  with  the  sea. 

From  1921,  when  Tel  Aviv  was  dignified  with  a  Coun- 
cil and  a  name,  it  began  to  grow  as  a  commercial  and 
residential  center.  Each  wave  of  persecution  through- 
out the  world  had  its  immediate  echo  in  Tel  Aviv,  which 
became  a  haven  for  Jews  fleeing  from  the  hand  of  the 
oppressor.  In  1924  the  Polish  immigrants  came  here  as 
a  result  of  Grabskay's  outrages.  The  terrible  persecu- 
tion in  Yemen  brought  the  Yemenite  Jews.  In  1933  the 
Germans,  fleeing  Hitler,  began  to  arrive.  Today  the 
Austrians,  Czechoslovakians  and  Italians  fleeing  from 
Mussolini  mingle  in  the  crowds  of  Tel  Aviv. 

Despite  the  fact  that  Tel  Aviv  absorbed  into  itself  Jews 
coming  from  all  ends  of  the  earth,  speaking  all  lan- 
guages of  the  world,  and  bringing  with  them  widely 
diversified  cultures  and  habits,  Tel  Aviv  succeeded  in 
retaining  her  essentially  Hebrew  character.  The  city  is 
Hebrew  not  only  in  its  official  institutions,  but  in  all  its 
external  manifestations  and  manners.  As  a  city,  Tel 
Aviv  observes  the  Sabbath  and  the  Jewish  holidays. 
Hebrew  is  the  only  language  of  the  schools,  theatre  and 
press. 

Before  the  World  War,  and  even  afterward,  the  ten- 
dency of  the  Jews  was  to  set  up  their  residences  in  Tel 
Aviv  but  to  conduct  their  commerce  in  Jaffa.  Indeed, 
their  most  important  business  dealings  were  with  their 
Arab  neighbors,  who  comprised  the  overwhelming 
majority  of  the  population  in  this  vicinity.  All  export 
and  import  passed  through  the  Jaffa  port,  which  was 
operated  and  controlled  by  Arab  boatmen,  workers  and 
officials.  The  Jews  made  use  of  it  solely  as  merchants. 
Then  came  the  bloody  riots  of  1921,  which  forced  upon 
the  Jews  the  realization  that  they  could  not  continue  to 
exist  unless  they  took  their  safety  into  consideration. 
After  the  riots  there  was  some  movement  of  commercial 
enterprises  from  Jaffa  to  Tel  Aviv.  The  hazardous  situ- 
ation was  re-emphasized  with  the  outbreak  of  the  1929 
riots,  after  which  there  was  a  wholesale  transfer  of 
Jewish  business  from  Jaffa  to  Tel  Aviv.  This  lent  great 
impetus  to  the  commercial  development  of  the  newer 
city.  The  last  uprising  completely  severed  the  neighbor 
(Continued  on  page  129) 


PAGE  EIGHTY 


PORT  OF 


Perhaps  the  greatest  achievement  in  the  last  decade  of 
Palestine  reconstruction,  the  Port  of  Tel  Aviv  is  situated 
North  of  the  all-Jewish  metropolis,  on  a  site  which  three 
years  ago  was  a  stretch  of  entirely  undeveloped  beach.  It 
represents  the  answer  of  intrepid  Jewish  enterprise  to  the 
1936  wave  of  terrorism,  which  made  it  impossible  for  Jews 
to  use  the  port  of  neighboring  Jaffa.  Built  by  Jewish  labor 
and  with  Jewish  capital,  this  modern,  fully  eguipped  lighter 
harbor,  opened  to  passenger  traffic  in  April,  1938,  has  be- 
come a  regular  port  of  call  for  freight  and  passenger  ves- 
sels. The  ever  closer  contact  with  the  outside  world  that 
the  Port  of  Tel  Aviv  provides  for  Jewish  Palestine  establishes 
the  city  as  the  industrial  and  commercial  center  of  the 
Southern  section  of  the  Holy  Land. 


The  fine  bay  which  is  one  of  Haifa's  scenic 
beauties  has  since  1933,  when  the  construc- 
tion of  Haifa  Harbor  was  completed,  made 
this  city  second  only  to  Alexandria  as  an 
East  Mediterranean  port.  A  thriving  mercan- 
tile and  shipping  center  whose  importance 
is  enchanced  by  the  fact  that  the  Iraq  oil 
pipeline  has  its  terminal  there,  Haifa  today 
bears  little  resemblance  to  the  small  Arab 
coast  town  it  was  fifty  years  ago,  before  the 
modern  Jewish  immigration  brought  it  into 
the  flow  of  Western  life.  Haifa  is  today  one 
of  the  busiest  hubs  of  Near  Eastern  trade. 


PAGE  EIGHTY-TWO 


By  BERNARD  FLEXNER 


Site  of  Palestine  Potash, 
Ltd.,  an  enterprise  in  the 
development  of  which  the 
P.  E.  C.  has  had  a  large 
share. 


PALESTINE 


ECONOMIC 

Corporation 


The  economic  development  which  has  taken  place  in  Palestine  in  the 
comparatively  short  period  of  eighteen  years  is  one  of  the  outstanding 
achievements  of  the  post-War  era.  An  important  factor  in  making  this 
development  possible  has  been  the  work  of  the  Palestine  Economic 
Corporation. 

The  origins  of  this  Corporation  go  back  to  1921,  when  a  small  group 
of  men  under  the  leadership  of  Justice  Louis  D.  Brandeis  organized  the 
Palestine  Cooperative  Company,  Inc.,  as  an  instrument  for  carrying  on  a 
program  of  practical  economic  work  for  the  rebuilding  of  Palestine.  Two 
subsidiary  Palestinian  companies  were  immediately  formed:  A  mort- 
gage bank,  and  a  cooperative  bank  in  which  three  other  institutions 
participated — the  Economic  Board  for  Palestine  of  London,  the  Jewish 
Colonization  Association  and  the  Joint  Distribution  Committee,  which 
had  been  conducting  relief  activities  in  Palestine  since  the  beginning  of 
the  World  War.  It  was  the  Reconstruction  Committee  of  the  J.D.C.  which 
participated  in  the  cooperative  bank;  it  also  reorganized  a  philanthropic  loan  fund  into  a  bank,  making  small 
loans  to  workers,  artisans  and  shopkeepers. 

It  seemed  eminently  logical  and  desirable  that  the  activities  of  the  two  American  groups  should  be  merged 
and  extended,  so  that  the  program  envisaged  by  Mr.  Justice  Brandeis  and  his  associates  could  be  carried  out. 
As  Vice  Chairman  of  the  Reconstruction  Committee  and  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Palestine 
Cooperative  Company,  the  writer  was  able  to  bring  the  two  groups  together,  and  the  merger  was  effected  by 
the  formation  of  the  Palestine  Economic  Corporation  early  in  1926.  The  new  corporation  took  over  the  assets 
and  Palestine  activities  of  the  two  organizations  and  proceeded  to  enlarge  its  capital. 

The  Palestine  Economic  Corporation  is  today  the  largest  American  company  doing  business  in  Palestine.  At 
its  inception,  in  1926,  its  assets  amounted  to  $865,000,  now  they  are  in  excess  of       (Continued  on  page  112) 


PAGE  EIGHTY-THREE 


By  DOROTHY  KAHN 

1/  ECENTLY  the  Kupat  Ha  -am  Bank  building  was 
*J  X.  opened  in  Tel  Aviv.  It  is  one  of  the  most  attrac- 
tive and  modern  office  buildings  in  this  part  of  the 
world.  Every  article  used  in  its  construction,  from 
pipes  to  door  hinges,  was  manufactured  in  Pales- 
tine. 

Today  a  man  can  live  entirely  on  "tozeret 
haaretz"  (Made  in  Palestine)  products.  He  can 
start  life  in  a  local-made  perambulator.  Later  he 
can  play  with  Palestine-made  toys.  Later  he  can 
obtain  every  variety  of  food  —  including  buns 
wrapped  in  cellophane  and  sardines  caught  in  the 
Lake  of  Galilee,  and  canned  in  Nathania.  His  shoes, 
his  socks,  his  leather  wallet,  and  even  his  woolen 
suit  can  be  "tozeret  haaretz."  He  can  shave  with  a 
local-made  razor.  His  umbrella  for  the  rainy  sea- 
son; the  body  of  his  automobile;  his  matches,  tooth- 
paste, mirror,  glue — all  are  made  in  the  confines  of 
Palestine.  He  treats  his  headaches  and  colds  with 
local  pills  and  lotions.  He  kills  flies  with  local  in- 
sect powder.  And  when  old  age  creeps  upon  him, 
he  substitutes  for  his  own  teeth  a  set  made  in 
Palestine. 

According  to  the  1937  census  of  Jewish  industry, 
there  was  a  production  of  $45,300,000,  representing 


THE  NESHER  CEMENT  FACTORY  AT  HAIP1 


an  investment  of  $63,500,000,  and  employing  a 
personnel  of  27,260  persons.  Since  1922  Jewish 
industrial  production  multiplied  eighteen  times,  the 
capital  investment  multiplied  twenty  times  and  the 
number  of  persons  employed  increased  sixfold. 

Before  the  War  there  were  no  manufacturing 
processes  in  Palestine  apart  from  those  for  soap, 
wine  and  Hebron  glass.  The  simple  needs  of  the 
inhabitants  were  supplied  by  the  local  craftsmen, 
who  carried  on,  in  the  footsteps  of  their  ancestors, 
the  art  of  weaving  carpets,  mats  and  cloth,  of  tan- 
ning and  of  pottery.  The  needs  of  the  wealthier 
classes  were  imported.  In  1914  there  was  one  auto- 
mobile in  the  entire  country.  One  could  not  even 
purchase  a  proper  loaf  of  bread.  The  diaries  of 
pre-War  travellers  are  filled  with  amusing  accounts 
of  how  they  prepared  to  come  to  Palestine,  bring- 
ing from  England  such  articles  as  tea,  candles  and 
sun  glasses. 

Like  so  much  else  in  Palestine,  industry  is  being 
revived  by  the  Jews  rather  than  established.  In  in- 
dustry as  in  agriculture,  the  deplorable  condition 
of  the  country  was  due  to  neglect  rather  than  nat- 
ural causes,  for  Palestine  has  many  advantages  as 
a  manufacturing  and  exporting  country.   The  an- 


PAGE  EIGHTY-FOUR 


cients  knew  this  and  exploited  it.  Textiles  were  a  flourishing 
industry;  the  dyes  of  Ludd  and  the  fine  linens  of  Beisan  were 
renowned  in  ancient  times.  But  after  the  country  became  a 
Turkish  province  in  1517,  textiles  were  obtained  from  Damascus, 
Aleppo,  Horns  or  Egypt.  Before  the  War  the  textile  industry  was 
represented  chiefly  by  one  hosiery  factory;  the  personnel  con- 
sisted of  the  owner,  and  the  capital  invested  was  seventy-five 
dollars. 

By  1924  the  first  feeble  signs  of  industrialization  could  be  seen 
and  the  enthusiastic  population  decided  to  establish  a  permanent 
"industrial  museum"  in  Tel  Aviv.  Two  rooms  on  Ahad  Ha-am 
Street  were  designated  for  the  purpose.  With  what  pride  the 
people  flocked  from  all  parts  of  the  country  to  view  their  museum, 
which  consisted  chiefly  of  signs  admonishing  them  to  "Buy 
tozereth  haaretz"!  The  articles  which  they  could  buy  were  choco- 
lates, soap,  wine,  stockings  of  a  peculiar  shape,  a  few  bits  of 
distinctly  bad  furniture,  and  marble.  A  dozen  years  later  the 
world's  leading  nations  were  displaying  their  wares  at  the  Tel 
Aviv  Levant  Fair,  and  the  Palestine  section  had  no  need  to 
apologize  to  any  of  them. 

The  romance  which  surrounds  the  refructification  of  the  soil 
in  Palestine  is  well-known.  The  portrait  of  the  Chalutz  is  recog- 
nized by  all  who  are  even  slightly  acguainted  with  the  history  of 
modern  Palestine.  Breaking  rocks  to  plant  vineyards  and  drain- 
ing malarial  swamps  make  a  dramatic  appeal.  The  romance 
which  surrounds  the  establishing  of  industry  is  fully  as  dramatic, 
although  less  generally  celebrated. 

ft  is  doubtful  whether  in  any  country  in  the  world  industry  had 
to  contend  with  such  severe  obstacles.  It  developed  at  a  time  of 
over-production  and  large-scale  dumping  throughout  the  world. 
It  was  neglected  by  the  Government,  and  the  "Trade  Equality" 
clause  of  the  Mandate  was  said  to  have  turned  Palestine  into  a 
"commercial  Cinderella."  The  limited  home  market  was  already 
glutted  with  foreign  produce.  And,  what  is  most  important,  there 
was  no  tradition  for  industry,  nor  were  there  any  skilled  or  even 
trained  workers  to  be  obtained. 

In  the  '90s,  Meir  Dizengoff,  who  later  became  the  Mayor  of  Tel 
Aviv,  came  to  Palestine  from  Paris,  and  established  one  of  the 
first  "modern"  industries,  a  glass  factory  in  Tantura.  Here  he 
lived  and  worked  with  Arabs,  against  unimaginable  odds,  until 
the  undertaking  gradually  petered  out.  It  was  a  few  years  later 
— about  1907 — that  the  "Shemen"  factory  was  established  in  Ben 
Shemen.  At  that  time  Ben  Shemen  (which  is  now  a  Children's 
Village)  was  a  spot  completely  cut  off  from  the  world,  no  roads 
at  all  leading  to  it.  Here,  in  the  midst  of  Bedouin  tribes,  the  first 
workers  established  what  is  now  one  of  the  large  industries  of 
the  country. 

In  the  early  days,  the  water  shortage  affected  factories  as  well 
as  farms.  If  the  donkey  who  conveyed  the  cans  of  water  became 
stubborn  on  the  way,  the  wheels  of  the  factory  sometimes  were 
held  up  until  his  humor  improved.  Factories  were  being  set  up 
before  there  were  any  builders  who  knew  how  to  construct  a 
factory. 

In  1937  there  were  50,500  people — or  31  per  cent  of  the  earning 
population — engaged  in  industry,  handicrafts  and  building.  This 
is  significant  when  it  is  taken  into  account  that  trade  and  the 
professions  (which  in  the  Diaspora  claim  the  bulk  of  Jewry) 
occupy  only  28  per  cent  of  the  earning  population  in  Palestine. 
Another  significant  fact  is  that  only  1.6  per  cent  were  building 
workers  in  their  countries  of  origin,  as  compared  with  10.6  per 
cent  in  Palestine.  This  occupational  change-over  to  more  pro- 
ductive pursuits  is  in  accordance  with  the  basic  idea  of  modern 
Palestine. 

In  1937  there  were  6,307  industrial  enterprises  in  Palestine. 
This  covers  a  wide  range,  from  the  large  Ata  textile  works  near 
Haifa,  which  looks  like  a  miniature  Manchester,  to  the  small  fac- 
(Continued  on  page  114) 


BISCUIT  BAKERY  PLANT 


PAGE  EIGHTY-FIVE 


ON  THE  day  following  the  announcement  by  the  Pal- 
estine Government  that  permission  would  be 
granted  for  the  unloading  of  cargo  at  Tel  Aviv,  an 
elderly  bearded  Jew  was  heard  asking  the  way  to  the 
"Tel  Aviv  Port".  Within  six  months  both  the  question 
and  the  necessary  answer  had  already  passed  into  the 
realms  of  banality  as  the  Tel  Aviv  Port  did  in  fact- 
like  so  much  else  in  Palestine — arise  almost  overnight. 

It  is  now  well  known  that  Jewish  laborers  engaged 
on  the  construction  of  the  Jetty  refused  to  take  wages 
for  their  first  day's  work  on  what  they  regarded  as  a 
historic  enterprise.  The  first  goods  unloaded  at  the 
Jetty  were  carried  triumphantly  through  the  streets  of 
the  city,  and  a  sack  of  cement  from  this  cargo  was  cere- 
moniously placed  in  the  Tel  Aviv  Museum  as  a  monu- 
ment to  the  occasion. 

Fifteen  years  ago,  when  the  outskirts  of  Tel  Aviv 
were  still  divided  from  the  sea  by  sand  dunes,  boys 
were  asking  their  teachers  in  the  schools  for  informa- 
tion on  ships  and  marine  matters  and  dreaming  of 
"life  on  the  ocean  wave". 

On  the  banks  of  the  River  Yarkon,  which  then  still 
was  a  good  hour's  walk  from  the  town  across  sandy 
wastes,  a  handful  of  young  men  established  themselves 
in  huts  with  the  object  of  becoming  fishermen.  The 
region  was  malaria-infested,  and  they  suffered  much 
as  their  prototypes  in  outlying  agricultural  settlements 
had  suffered  in  the  Emek  and  other  parts  of  Palestine. 
Some  of  them  dropped  by  the  way,  but  others  pursued 
their  urge  seawards,  and  today  one  of  them  at  least  is 
to  be  seen  standing  proudly  at  the  helm  of  a  motor 
launch  which  daily  weaves  its  way  in  and  out  of  the 
lighter  traffic  plying  between  the  ships  of  many  nations 
that  visit  the  Port  of  Tel  Aviv. 

Years  before  the  Government  decided  on  the  con- 


TO  THE  SEA  IN 


struction  of  a  modern  harbor  at  Haifa,  Jewish  engineers 
and  town  planners  prepared  maps  which  clearly  indi- 
cated the  future  of  Haifa  as  the  leading  port  in  the 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  Many  a  time  in  years  gone  by 
have  such  dreamers  stood  on  the  heights  of  Carmel 
overlooking  Acre  Bay  and  conjured  up  the  visions  of 
Herzl's  Alt-Neuland,  seeing  in  their  mind's  eye  the 
spread  of  a  mighty  city  throbbing*  with  life,  and  (some 
said)  even  hearing  the  hum  of  traffic  and  the  sirens  of 
impatient  shipping  at  the  quay-sides  of  the  Port-to-be. 

These  visions  are  now  reality  and  officials  spend 
their  time  on  statistics  dealing  with  the  innumerable 
types  of  merchandise  that  pass  through  the  harbor 
gates  on  every  working  day. 

The  sunless  offices  of  Whitehall  have  also  heard  of 
this  urge  of  the  Jews  of  Palestine  to  go  down  to  the  sea 
in  ships  again.  The  cold  official  mind  there  has  listened 
to  the  pleas  for  assistance  and  formal  recognition  of 
pioneering  efforts  carried  through  by  men  inspired  by 
a  single  thought — to  see  Jewish  ships  manned  by  Jew- 
ish crews  once  more  forging  their  way  through  the 
waters  of  the  Mediterranean.  In  the  face  of  immense 
difficulties  and  the  derision  of  skeptics  such  men  have 
already  achieved  much.  One  may  now  speak  of  Jew- 
ish sailors,  mates,  captains  and  marine  engineers  with- 
out fear  of  the  cynics  dismissing  the  subject  as  vision- 
ary, for  such  men  are  there,  busy  at  their  jobs. 

The  S.S.  Tel  Aviv,  which  was  Jewish  owned  and 
manned  by  a  Jewish  crew,  ran  for  many  months  on  her 
itinerary  between  Europe  and  Haifa.  The  house-flags 
of  the  Palestine  Maritime  Lloyd  and  the  Atid  Naviga- 
tion Company  are  to  be  seen  regularly  on  their  vessels 
at  Haifa  and  Tel  Aviv,  and  Jewish  stevedores  and 
lightermen  have  long  been  working  in  both  these  ports. 
Hundreds  of  young  men  have  passed  through  the 
(Continued  on  page  133) 


PAGE  EIGHTY-SIX 


THE  CHILDREN'S  CRUSADE 

YOUTH  ALIYAH  THRILLING  PAGE  IN  HISTORY  OF  MODERN  PALESTINE 


ithin  the  last  four  and  a  half 
years  more  than  three  thousand 
girls  and  boys  between  the  ages 
of  fifteen  and  seventeen  have  been 
brought  into  Palestine  from  Ger- 
many, Austria,  Poland,  Roumania 
and  Czechoslovakia.  They  are 
maintained  for  the  first  two  years 
by  funds  collected  in  America  and 
elsewhere.  At  the  present  time 
they  are  to  be  found  in  thirty-seven 
settlements,  reaching,  in  modern 
geography,  from  Tel  Hai  to  Beer 
Tuvia.  The  majority  are  farmers, 
and  the  rest  have  become  a  part 
of  the  life  of  the  country  in  other  ways,  working  as 
sailors,  policemen,  carpenters,  nurses.  A  few  of  special 
talent  are  continuing  higher  education  in  music  or 
painting.  Only  two  per  cent  have  left  the  country. 
Therefore,  with  three  thousand  young  people  com- 
pletely adjusted  to  the  country  and  its  language,  one 
has  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  this  experiment  has 
been  an  unequivocal  success. 

The  rescue  of  these  young  people  from  European 

hells  will  be  one  of  the 
most  thrilling  pages  in  the 
history  of  modern  Pales- 
tine. Five  years  ago,  when 
the  advent  of  Hitler 
sounded  the  knell  of  Ger- 
man Jewry,  it  was  realized 
that,  come  what  may,  at 
least  a  remnant  of  the 
young  generation  must 
be  saved.  There  must  be 
another  "Children's  Cru- 
sade" to  the  Holy  Land. 

It  was  decided  that  this 
should  be  a  crusade  to 


the  soil.  The  young  people  would 
be  most  securely  rooted  in  the  land 
if  they  worked  it  with  their  own 
hands.  It  was  also  decided  to  send 
the  majority  of  them  to  collective 
settlements,  which,  by  nature  of 
their  construction,  would  be  best 
equipped  to  absorb  them  and  to 
start  them  on  the  path  to  a  new 
life. 

At  the  outset  the  difficulties 
seemed  overwhelming.  Large  sums 
of  money  had  to  be  raised  to 
finance  the  project.  German  par- 
ents had  to  be  steeled  to  send  their 
children  to  an  unknown  life  in  an  unknown  country. 
The  children  had  to  be  transplanted  from  urban,  bour- 
geois homes  to  agricultural  settlements  whose  ideo- 
logical foundation  was  the  abolishment  of  private 
money  and  possessions.  Could  this  far-fetched  dream 
be  realized? 

The  wheels  of  the  Youth  Aliyah  organization  were 
set  in  motion  in  Palestine  and  Germany.  Miss  Hen- 
rietta Szold,  whose  experience  with  refugees  dates 
back  to  the  arrival  at  Ellis 
Island  of  the  Kishineff  vic- 
tims, became  the  head  of 
the  movement.  Agricul- 
tural training  camps  were 
established  in  Germany, 
although  many  could  not 
wait  and  had  to  embark 
without  the  benefit  of 
preparation.  German  par- 
ents courageously  took 
leave  of  their  children  at 
the  port  of  Hamburg, 
knowing  that  whatever 
(Continued  on  page  116) 


HENRIETTA  SZOLD  telling  Youth  Aliyah 
group  about  the  new  life  of  religious  and 
vocational  freedom  in  the  Jewish  Homeland. 


By  PESSACH  GINSBURG 


The  Hebrew  language,  reawakened 
on  the  soil  of  its  birth,  resumes  a 
three-thousand-year-old  tradition  of 
creativity. 


j-rji  ™  nop 


1'lpOIQ 

Tosumm 


i ;.,  ->i  rrj-."."  "':  X"  •„   - ■  -  - 


nnrrni  nurnu 

"W3P  .• 

nrquna  niasuin  nui  unii 


CIV 


THE  difference  between  a  Jewish  National  Home  and  a 
place  of  refuge  for  Jews  is  not  essentially  political.  It 
resides  rather  in  the  nature  of  the  appeal  made  to  vital 
folk  forces.  A  place  of  refuge  is  built  by  men  in  whom 
the  dominant  motif  is  Bight  trom:  a  national  home  by  men 
in  whom  the  dominant  motif  is  attraction  toward.  The 
first  enlists  the  bare  instinct  of  self-preservation,  and  little 
besides;  the  second  calls  up  ancient  accumulations  of 
will  and  energy,  love  of  a  tradition,  a  sense  of  group  con- 
tinuity, remembrance  of  past  achievement,  visions  of  the 
future.  A  remarkable  paradox  issues  from  this  distinc- 
tion: a  national  home  is  harder  to  build  because  the 
range  of  enterprises  is  wider;  it  is  at  the  same  time  easier 
to  build  because  the  range  of  awakened  energies  is 
wider  still. 

Who  would  have  thought  that  Jews,  returning  to  Pales- 
tine, and  confronted  with  the  multiple  exactions  of  sheer 
physical  rehabilitation,  would  deliberately  add  to  their 
difficulties  the  revival  of  the  ancient  Hebrew  tongue,  for 
so  many  centuries  nothing  more  than  the  repository  of 
religion  and  scholarship?  And  who,  taking  note  of  this 
curious  resolve,  would  have  foretold  that  its  successful 
execution  would  increase  rather  than  decrease  the  ener- 
gies available  for  other  enterprises?  Such,  however,  has 
been  the  practical  consequence;  and  perhaps  no  other 
phenomenon  of  Palestinian  life  better  illustrates  the  mora) 
power  of  the  national  impulse. 


Pride  in  their  cultural  achievements  invests  the  physical 
achievements  of  the  Jews  of  Palestine  with  a  larger  mean- 
ing. They  see  themselves  not  as  human  debris,  but  as 
continuing  collaborators  in  the  world's  civilization.  They 
have  reasonable  grounds  for  the  hope  that  their  Palestine 
of  the  future  will  assume  a  place  in  the  roster  of  the 
nations  comparable  with  that  which  it  won  for  itself  in 
the  past. 

The  revival  of  Hebrew,  now  definitely  accomplished  in 
Palestine,  was  one  of  the  early  objectives  of  the  Zionist 
movement.  The  first  stirrings  were  evident  two  and  three 
generations  ago  in  European  Jewry.  Writers  whose 
names  are  slowly  filtering  through  to  world  recognition 
(Chaim  Nachman  Bialik  is  the  first  of  them,  but  he  does 
not  stand  alone)  found  in  Hebrew  their  only  possible 
medium  of  expression.  They,  however,  began  their  work 
when  Hebrew  was  still  the  possession  of  the  few,  and 
those  exclusively  of  the  intelligentsia.  Today,  of  the  half 
million  Jews  in  Palestine,  some  three  hundred  thousand 
regard  Hebrew  as  the  language  of  daily  intercourse. 
Field,  factory,  v/orkshop,  school,  kindergarten,  university, 
playground,  theatre  and  street  are  dominated  by  it.  The 
daily  press,  the  weekly  and  monthly  periodicals,  attest  by 
their  vitality  both  the  fact  of  the  resurrection  of  the  lan- 
guage, and  the  need  there  was  of  it.  Over  and  above 
these,  there  is  the  steady  output  of  books,  a  large  per- 
{Continued  on  page  136) 


PAGE  EIGHTY-NINE 


Jerusalem  is  the  Holy  City  not  only  of  the  Jewish  nation 
bui  of  all  the  three  monotheistic  religions  which  dominate 
the  civilized  world.  But  if  for  the  other  peoples  its  signifi- 
cance and  sanctity  derive  from  its  illustrious  past,  for  the 
Jewish  people  Jerusalem  is  not  only  a  spiritual  inspiration, 
but  a  cherished  material  possession,  a  permanent  national 
holding,  linking  together  the  generations  of  the  past  with 
the  generations  of  the  future.  All  the  humanitarian,  religious 
and  cultural  values  which  Jerusalem  gave  to  the  world  were 
created  by  Jewish  prophets,  who  uttered  their  thoughts  in 


Hebrew,  who  endured  the  afflictions  of  their  people,  who 
foresaw  its  future,  and  who  assigned  its  mission  among  the 
human  race.  This  permanent  contribution  of  Jerusalem  was 
not  destroyed  with  the  destruction  of  the  city,  was  not  dimin- 
ished by  its  poverty  and  downfall;  and  its  value  grows  and 
increases  with  the  revival  and  rebuilding  of  Jerusalem  as  it 
becomes  once  again  the  Capital  city  of  the  National  Home 
of  the  people  who  is  arising  from  the  dust  of  the  Exile  and 
returning  to  live  once  more  a  free  national  life  in  the  land 
of  its  origin.  [.  Ben-Zwi 


PAGE  NINETY 

il 


Em 


r 


By  A.  S.  W.  ROSENBACH 


/*^™HE  establishment  of  Maimonides  College  in 
£  Philadelphia  in  1867  under  the  guidance  of  Dr. 
Isaac  Leeser  was  the  first  response  to  the  need 
of  a  Hebrew  University.  The  first  articulate  demand 
for  a  Hebrew  University  to  be  erected  in  Palestine 
was  voiced  in  the  '80s  of  the  last  Century  by  Professor 
Herman  Schapira,  a  Lithuanian  scholar  and  later  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  at  the  University  of  Heidelberg. 
In  1904  the  idea  of  a  Jewish  institution  of  higher  learn- 
ing was  advocated  in  the  pamphlet  "Eine  Juedische 
Hochschule."  The  authors  did  not  dream  that  only 
a  generation  later,  a  noble  University  in  Jerusalem 
would  become  a  reality. 

In  1913  the  plan  to  found  a  University  in  Jerusalem 


was  expounded  by  Dr.  Chaim  Weizmann  before  the 
Eleventh  Zionist  Congress,  which  recognized  the 
opening  of  a  University  as  one  of  the  major  needs  of 
the  Jewish  people.  Land  on  Mt.  Scopus  was  pur- 
chased through  funds  given  by  Mr.  Isaac  L.  Goldberg 
of  the  Odessa  "Lovers  of  Zion,"  and  funds  secured 
by  Mr.  M.  M.  Ussischkin. 

In  July,  1918,  the  foundation  stone  of  the  Hebrew 
University  was  laid  by  Dr.  Weizmann  while  war  was 
still  raging  within  a  few  miles  of  the  spot  where  the 
ceremony  was  taking  place. 

Prominent  American  Jews  became  interested  in  the 
project.  As  early  as  1921,  the  American  Jewish  Phy- 
sicians Committee,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Nathan 


>»  ■  m  m  m 
m  m  m  in  m 


New  Bialik 
School  in  Tel  Aviv 


Haifa  Technician 


Einstein  Institute 
of  University 


Ratnoff,  was  founded  to  establish  the  Faculty  of  Medicine 
of  the  new  University;  and  in  1922  Dr.  Judah  L.  Magnes 
moved  to  Palestine  to  devote  himself  to  the  development 
of  the  Hebrew  University.  In  Palestine  itself  a  University 
Committee  was  organized,  consisting  of  Ahad  Ha-am, 
the  philosopher,  Eliezar  ben  Yehuda,  the  father  of  modern 
Hebrew,  David  Yellin,  Joseph  Klausner  and  others. 

In  1923,  on  a  journey  around  the  world,  Professor 
Albert  Einstein  stopped  off  in  Jerusalem  and  delivered  a 
university  lecture  on  the  premises  where  the  University 
now  stands.  At  that  date  there  were  no  buildings  suited 
to  academic  purposes.  The  lecture  was  delivered  in  a 
building  which  had  formerly  served  as  a  stable. 

In  1924  it  was  possible  to  envisage  the  general  outlines 
of  the  University's  development.  An  Institute  of  Jewish 
Studies,  the  forerunner  of  the  Faculty  of  Humanities,  was 
established,  and  an  Institute  of  Chemistry,  headed  by 
Professor  Anton  Fodor,  represented  the  nucleus  of  the 
Faculty  of  Science.  The  Institute  of  Microbiology,  main- 
tained by  the  American  Jewish  Physicians  Committee  and 
headed  by  Dr.  Saul  Adler,  was  the  first  step  toward  the 
Medical  School.  The  Institute  of  Jewish  Studies  was  made 
possible  through  the  generosity  of  the  late  Mr.  Felix  M. 
Warburg  and  Mrs.  Warburg,  who  had  come  to  Palestine 
on  a  visit  to  Dr.  Magnes  and  had  been  deeply  impressed 
by  the  idea  of  a  great  Hebrew  University. 

On  April  1,  1925,  the  Hebrew  University  was  dedicated 
by  Lord  Balfour  in  the  presence  of  representatives  of 
many  universities  and  governments.  It  was  an  impres- 
sive and  solemn  occasion,  and  the  deep  significance  of 
the  event  to  the  Jewish  people  was  felt  by  all  present. 

It  was  by  no  means  a  full  grown  university  which  came 
into  being  on  April  1,  1925.  In  his  address  at  the  dedica- 
tion ceremonies,  Chaim  Nachman  Bialik,  the  great  He- 
brew poet,  said:  "This  University  which  our  distinguished 
guest,  Lord  Balfour,  has  now  inaugurated,  is  at  present 
nothing  but  a  skeleton,  almost  nothing  but  a  name.  It  is 
a  vessel  to  be  filled." 

Already  there  were  the  three  research  institutes,  suited 
to  the  needs  and  possibilities  of  the  country  —  Jewish 
Studies,  Chemistry  and  Microbiology.  An  Institute  of 
Palestine  Natural  History,  with  Professor  Otto  H.  Warburg 
at  its  head,  was  established  soon  after  the  inauguration 
of  the  University.  Then  a  Department  of  Bacteriology  and 
Hygiene  was  added,  under  the  direction  of  Professor  I.  J. 
Kligler.  Under  his  guidance,  the  success  of  the  Depart- 
ment in  combating  malaria  and  other  subtropical  dis- 
eases contributed  largely  to  the  rapid  development  of  the 
country. 

A  School  of  Oriental  Studies  was  also  established  for 
the  study  of  the  history,  literature,  art  and  religion  of 
Islam. 

The  University  did  not  confine  itself  to  Jewish  studies 
alone,  but  it  aimed  to  become  an  important  center  of 
learning  in  the  Near  East.  It  was  open  then,  as  now,  to 
all,  regardless  of  race  or  creed. 

The  Jewish  National  Library  was  taken  over  in  1924 
and  was  made  into  the  Jewish  National  and  University 
Library.  Its  basic  collection  had  been  secured  through 
the  personal  efforts  of  Dr.  Joseph  Chasanowitz,  a  Russian 
physician  who  had  collected  the  first  30,000  volumes 
through  purchase,  gift,  exchange  and  by  taking  books 
instead  of  payment  from  his  patients. 

{Continued  on  page  138) 


PAGE  NINETY-TWO 


tal  Station  have  a  longer  record,  but  the  Sieff  In- 
stitute acquired  a  certain  symbolism  from  the  fact 
that  it  came  into  existence  in  1933 — the  year  when 
a  distinguished  group  of  Jewish  scientists  was  locked 
out  of  the  German  universities  to  whose  reputations 
it  had  made  significant  contributions.  Men  like  Pro- 
fessors Willstaetter,  Haber,  Neuberg  and  Oppen- 
heimer  could  be  invited  as  lecturers  to  a  Jewish 
center  of  science  in  Palestine  when  the  land  to 
which  they  had  devoted  years  of  faithful  labor  de- 
prived them  of  the  chance  to  continue  in  their  pur- 
suits. 

The  opening  of  the  Sieff  Institute  coincided  ap- 
proximately with  the  declaration  of  the  German 
policy  of  annihilation  of  the  Jewish  people.  But  it 
had  been  planned  long  before  that  crime  was 
foreseen.  In  his  address  at  the  initiation  ceremonies 
Dr.  Chaim  Weizmann,  who,  as  a  chemist  of  the  first 
rank,  is  the  Director  of  the  Institute,  said:  "This 
center  had  its  place  in  a  group  of  plans  which  date 
back  to  my  first  visit  to  this  country  in  1918.  It  was 
clear  to  us  in  those  days  that  comprehensive  scien- 
tific research  must  precede  the  creation  in  Palestine 
of  a  many-sided  and  firmly-rooted  agriculture."  But 
even  the  optimism  of  its  founders  could  not  have 
foreseen  that  within  four  years  after  work  had  been 
begun,  an  impartial  Royal  Commission,  reporting 
on  Palestine,  would  have  this  to  say: 

"The  experiments  conducted  at  the  Daniel  Sieff 
Research  Institute  are  watched  by  chemists  all  over 
the  world." 

The  work  of  the  institute,  the  laboratories  of  which 
(Continued  on  page  118) 


By  BEN  LEVI 

A  brief  description  of  the  Daniel  Sieff  Research  Institute  of 
Rehoboth  —  an  important  factor  in  the  development  of  the 
Jewish  Homeland. 

"/ymong  the  resources  of  a  country  there  is  always 
one  which  it  is  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  evalu- 
ate, and  which  therefore  can  never  be  included  in 
a  purely  objective  forecast;  yet  it  is  the  one  which 
really  controls  the  future,  proving  itself  solely  by 
results.  That  resource  may  be  described  as  the  in- 
genuity of  the  inhabitants  of  the  country. 

Another  name  for  it  would  be:  scientific  aptitude. 
This  quality  of  the  human  mind  has  transformed 
man's  relation  to  nature;  it  has  opened  up  stores 
of  wealth  unknown  in  the  past,  and  has  given 
new  aspects  to  the  possibilities  contained  in  large 
stretches  of  the  earth.  It  was  undoubtedly  because 
they  ignored  or  underrated  the  scientific  aptitude 
of  the  Jew  that  the  early  skeptics  of  Zionism  failed 
to  foresee  the  great  developments  which  have  taken 
place  in  Palestine  in  the  last  twenty  years. 

Without  the  application  of  scientific  research  the 
transformation  of  Palestine  from  a  medieval  prov- 
ince of  the  Turkish  Empire  into  an  outpost  of 
modernity  could  never  have  taken  place;  and 
among  those  centers  which  have  helped  in  this 
transformation  a  peculiar  interest  attaches  to  the 
Daniel  Sieff  Research  Institute.  It  is  only  part  of 
the  scientific  equipment  of  Jewish  Palestine;  the 
Hebrew  University  and  the  Agricultural  Experimen- 


PAGE  NINETY-THREE 


THE  PALESTINE  ORCHESTRA 


The  Palestine  Orchestra,  founded  three  years  ago  by  the 
famous  violinist  Bronislaw  Huberman,  has  been  giving  the 
Holy  Land  regular  concert  seasons  since  December,  1936, 
when  Arturo  Toscanini  conducted  the  opening  concert. 
Composed  of  seventy-two  Jewish  musicians  hailing  from 
many  different  countries,  and  mostly  refugees  from  the 
intolerance  of  Central  Europe,  the  Orchestra  is  acknowl- 
edged to  be  one  of  the  world's  finest  musical  ensembles, 
including  among  its  members  an  unusually  large  proportion 

of  first-rank  artists.  As  interesting  as  the  Orchestra  itself 
are  the  audiences  that  listen  to  it — pioneers  who  in  the 
midst  of  arduous  toil  find  time  and  money  to  attend  its 
concerts.  For  these  concerts  are  given  not  only  in  the  great 
cities  of  Palestine — Jerusalem,  Haifa,  Tel  Aviv — but  also  in 
the  agricultural  settlements,  sometimes  even  in  the  open  air, 
in  fields  refructified  by  Jewish  labor.  The  Palestine  Orches- 
tra has  nearly  nine  thousand  regular  subscribers,  a  number 
amazingly  large  in  proportion  to  the  total  Jewish  population 
of  450,000. 


v  t 


2M  IP&ILgSfflBSE 


I— I' ' 


Over  two  hundred  painters  and  sculptors 
coming  from  various  parts  of  the  world 
live  in  Palestine  today,  in  agricultural  set- 
tlements as  well  as  in  the  larger  cities. 
Their  work  is  displayed  in  the  two 
museums  and  various  small  private  gal- 
leries of  the  Holy  Land.  In  Jerusalem  the 
Bezalel  Museum,  organized  by  the  late 
Boris  Schatz  in  1906,  houses  an  excellent 
collection  of  ceremonial  art  in  addition  to 
valuable  paintings  and  sculptures.  The 
new  art  museum  of  Tel  Aviv,  shown  on 
this  page,  was  founded  five  years  ago  by 
the  late  Meir  Dizengoff,  and  is  now  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  most  modern  museums 
in  the  Near  East.  Beginning  with  a  gift  of 
contemporary  French  and  Belgian  art 
donated  by  the  late  Moshe  Levin  of  Ant- 
werp, it  now  has  a  valuable  collection 
of  paintings,  sculptures  and  graphics. 
Among  the  artists  represented  are 
Vlamink,  Utrillo,  Van  Dongen,  Pissaro, 
Monet,  Signac,  Marie  Laurencin,  Josef 
Israel,  Jacob  Epstein,  Max  Band,  Marc 
Chagall,  Moise  Kisling,  Chana  Orloff, 
Max  Liebermann  and,  of  course,  the  out- 
standing Palestinian  artists.  An  exhibit 
of  Palestine  art  is  presented  in  the  Jewish 
Palestine  Pavilion,  and  a  special  cata- 
logue by  Elias  Newman  will  be  available 
to  visitors.  E.  N. 


I 


PAGE  NINETY-FIVE 


WHEREVER  modern  dramatic 
art  is  known  the  Habimah 
Theatre  of  Palestine  is  recog- 
nized as  unique  among  the  dra- 
matic ensembles  of  our  time:  It 
was  the  first  Hebrew  theatre  to 
receive  critical  acclaim  as  being 
the  peer  of  the  best  that  Euro- 
pean culture  had  created  in 
Germany,  France  and  Russia. 

Originally  formed  in  1917  in 
Moscow  under  the  tutelage  of 
Konstantin  Stanislavsky,  head  of 
the  Moscow  Art  Theatre,  the 
Habimah  group  was  assigned  to 
the  late  Armenian  poet,  J.  B. 
Vachtangoff,  who  shaped  it  into 
a  professional  ensemble.  Since 
1931  the  Habimah  has  been 
established  in  Palestine,  where 
it  has  attained  the  status  of  the 
national  Hebrew  theatre.  Now 
under  construction  at  Tel  Aviv 
is  a  permanent  home  for  the 
ensemble,  on  a  plot  of  4,000 
square  meters  set  aside  for  such 
a  theatre  by  the  municipality. 

Since  its  transfer  to  Palestine 
the  Habimah  Theatre  has  added 


tye  (©v 


PALEST! 


many  new  plays  to  its  repertory. 
Among  them  are  works  by  Mo- 
liere,  Shakespeare,  John  Gals- 
worthy, Somerset  Maugham, 
Romain  Rolland,  Bernard  Shaw 
and  a  great  many  Jewish  authors, 
including  Sholem  Aleichem,  I.  D. 
Berkowitz,  Chaim  N.  Bialik,  H. 
Levik,  Harry  Sackler  and  Nahum 
Sokolow. 

American  theatregoers  saw 
the  Habimah  ensemble  in  1926, 
on  the  occasion  of  its  first  visit  to 
this  country.  Another  American 
tour,  the  first  since  the  troupe's 
removal  to  Palestine,  is  being 
planned  for  the  Fall  of  1939, 
under  the  joint  auspices  of  a 
Committee  of  which  Louis  Nizer 
is  the  Executive  Chairman  and 
the  New  York  Theatre  Guild,  in 
cooperation  with  the  Jewish 
Palestine  Pavilion. 

The  only  ether  important  dra- 
matic group  in  Palestine  is  the 
Ohel,  an  unusual  ensemble 
sponsored  by  Jewish  Labor 
groups. 


PAGE  NINETY-SIX 


CREATION 

Creations  of  Nature  begin  with  a  seed.  Creations  by 
men  begin  with  a  pencil.  No  matter  what  is  to  be 
created,  the  artist  plays  an  important  part  ;  he  brings 
ideas  to  mankind  in  tangible  and  understandable 
forms  and  makes  the  printed  page  a  shop  window 
wherein  are  displayed  the  commodities  of  the  world 
.  .  .  that's  our  job! 


KNICKERBOCKER      STUDIOS,  INC 

2  5   WEST  45th   STREET      •      NEW  YORK,  X.  Y. 


Published  Weekly 
In  New  York 


all  the  news  of 
the  Show  World 


VISIT 


"MAI SON  COTY" 


CHARM  CENTER 


O  F  T  H  E 


NEW  YORK  WORLD'S  FAIR 


At  the  Long  Island  PI 


aza 


PAGE  NINETY-SEVEN 


THE  REFUGEE  PROBLEM  IN  PALESTINE 

{Continued  /rom  page  35) 
ing  Jews  would  be  further  improved.  This  task  is  a  challenge 
to  the  conscience  and  well-being  of  the  civilized  countries  of  the 
world.  President  Roosevelt  has  said  that  "there  can  be  no  peace 
if  national  policy  adopts  as  a  deliberate  instrument  the  disper- 
sion all  over  the  world  of  millions  of  helpless  and  persecuted 
wanderers  with  no  place  to  lay  their  heads."  It  is  equally  true 
that  there  can  be  no  peace  if  the  civilized  countries  of  the  world, 
including  the  Jews  of  the  world,  do  not  meet  this  challenge  by 
offering  homes  to  at  least  from  200,000  to  250,000  of  these  wan- 
derers annually.  The  Jews  of  the  world  believe  that  from  100,000 
to  125,000  persons  of  this  annual  migration  can  be  absorbed  by 
Palestine.  They  stand  ready  to  make  this  economically  possible 
with  "men  and  money". 

How  many  more  immigrants  can  Palestine  economically  absorb? 
This  question  has  given  rise  to  many  definitions  of  absorptive 
capacity.  Most  of  them  imply  a  static  concept — the  size  of  the  coun- 
try, its  present  population,  its  present  cultivable  area,  its  apparent 
lack  of  natural  resources,  raw  materials  and  the  like.  Under  this 
concept  the  attitude  toward  the  problem  of  immigration  and  col- 
onization becomes  mechanical  and  out  of  joint  with  life.  Little 
weight  is  given  to  the  decisive  power  of  human  resourcefulness, 
devotion  and  experience,  of  capital  and  of  the  propulsive  force 
generated  by  Jewish  misery.  Experience  in  Palestine  itself  has 
proved  that  the  "economic  absorptive  capacity"  of  that  country 
cannot  be  measured  with  a  slide  rule  or  a  yard  stick  and  that  its 
ultimate  scope  cannot  be  predicted.  It  is  a  dynamic,  an  expand- 
ing concept. 

That  the  expanding  principle  of  economic  absorptive  capacity 
hus  been  operative  in  developing  the  economic  structure  of  Pales- 
tine since  the  post-war  advent  of  the  Jews  will  become  evident 
irom  a  cursory  review  of  a  few  relevant  figures.  The  first  official 
Census  of  Palestine  Industries,  taken  in  1928,  states  that  industry 
in  its  larger  sense  was  practically  non-existent  in  Palestine  before 
the  War,  and  that  machinery  was  practically  unknown.  Since 
1928,  and  especially  since  1933,  there  has  been  a  marked  advance, 
not  only  in  the  output  of  Palestinian  industry  but  in  its  diversi- 
fication and  its  technical  equipment.  The  growth  of  Jewish  industry 
and  handicrafts  from  1921  to  1937  is  vividly  shown  in  the  following 
table : 

Percentage 
Increase 
Since  1933 

1921-22         1930  1933  1937  % 

Establishments   No.       1,850         2,475         3,338  5,606  65 

Personnel : 
Workers  and 

Owners  No.       4,750        10,968        19,595  30,040  53 
Value  of  Annual 

Output  £P    500,000    2,510,000    5,352,000  9,109,000  75 

Capital  £P    600,000    2,234,000    5,371,000  11,637,300  108 

Horsepower  HP         880        10,100        50,500  106,495  110 

Since  1921  the  personnel  in  Jewish  industry  increased  six  times, 
the  output  eighteen  times,  the  capital  nineteen  times  and  the  ma- 
chinery and  equipment  to  an  even  greater  degree. 

The  inflow  of  Jewish  immigrants  and  Jewish  capital  since  the 
War  not  only  developed  work  opportunities  for  the  Jews  but 
quickened  industrial  activity  among  other  sections  of  the  popula- 
tion. The  whole  structure  of  industrial  and  commercial  activity, 
which  sustains  a  large  portion  of  the  Palestinian  population,  rep- 
resents an  entirely  new  source  of  wealth.  It  is  a  direct  outgrowth 
of  Jewish  immigration,  of  the  application  of  human  resourcefulness, 
experience,  capital  and  the  propulsive  force  generated  by  human 
misery.  It  is  the  dynamic  principle  of  economic  absorptive  capacity 
at  work.  Not  only  has  it  not  displaced  any  part  of  the  non-Jewish 
population  but  it  has  made  new  places  for  them  where  none 
existed  before.  The  coming  of  the  Jews  provided  an  expanded 
market  for  agricultural  products,  furnished  purchasers  for  land  at 
high  prices,  thus  enabling  the  Arab  peasants  to  dispose  of  sur- 
plus land  and  to  utilize  the  proceeds  for  the  introduction  of  more 
productive  methods  of  cultivation  on  the  remainder  of  their  hold- 
ings; transformed  Palestine  agriculture  from  its  primitive  pre-War 


state  to  present-day  standards;  enabled  the  Government  to  make 
loans  and  wholesale  tax  remissions  to  the  Arab  peasant  as  a 
result  of  the  flourishing  state  of  Palestine's  finances;  and,  most 
important  of  all,  has  given  the  Arab  peasant  an  object  lesson  in 
modern  agricultural  practice  which  he  has  not  been  slow  to 
adopt.  Here  again  the  dynamic  principle  of  the  economic  absorp- 
tive capacity  has  been  at  work. 

The  Government  estimates  the  total  land  area  of  Palestine  at 
26,319,000  dunams— 1 3,742.000  dunams  in  Palestine  north  of  Beer- 
sheba  and  12,577,000  dunams  in  the  Beersheba  Sub-District.  It 
estimates  total  cultivable  land  area  in  the  whole  of  Palestine  at 
8,760,000  dunams.  The  Government  defines  "cultivable  area"  as 
land  "which  is  actually  under  cultivation  or  which  can  be  brought 
under  cultivation  by  the  application  of  the  labor  and  resources  of 
the  average  Palestinian  (Arab)  cultivator."  The  Government 
makes  no  distinction  between  "cultivable"  and  "irrigable"  land. 
Such  a  distinction  is  of  course  indispensable  in  dealing  with  esti- 
mates of  the  ultimate  agricultural  absorptive  capacity  of  the  coun- 
try. Palestine  experience  has  shown  that,  whereas  from  100  to  130 
dunams  of  non-irrigated  land  are  necessary  for  the  maintenance 
of  an  average  family,  only  from  20  to  25  dunams  of  irrigated  land 
are  required  for  that  purpose.  Manifestly  if,  by  the  application  of 
the  kind  of  resourcefulness,  experience,  capital  and  the  propulsive 
forces  generated  by  Jewish  misery  which  have  already  accounted 
for  the  creation  of  the  present  economic  structure  of  Palestine,  some 
millions  of  dunams  of  "cultivable"  land  can  be  irrigated,  the  eco- 
nomic absorptive  capacity  will  continue  to  expand.  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  the  Government  has  not  yet  carried  out  any  hydro- 
graphic  survey  of  the  country,  but  certain  sections  of  the  country 
have  already  been  surveyed  by  Government  and  Jewish  organiza- 
tions. 

An  outstanding  American  geologist,  Mr.  F.  Julius  Fohs,  has  con- 
ducted an  intensive  study  of  the  water  resources  of  Palestine  since 
1919.  He  has  accumulated  probably  the  most  comprehensive  and 
exhaustive  data  on  the  water  resources  of  the  country  and  has 
supplemented  his  own  studies  with  consultations  with  outstanding 
American  water  engineers.  As  a  result  of  these  studies  he  sub- 
mitted a  detailed  memorandum  of  his  finding  to  the  Royal  Com- 
mission on  "The  Water  Resources  of  Palestine."  He  states  that  the 
available  water  resources  of  Palestine,  if  properly  conserved,  will 
make  it  possible  to  irrigate  3,500,000  dunams  of  land  in  Palestine 
(exclusive  of  Beersheba)  after  providing  for  the  civil  and  indus- 
trial uses  of  a  population  of  2,500,000. 

For  the  purpose  of  calculating  the  total  number  of  agricultural 
families  which  the  cultivable  area  of  Palestine  will  sustain  the 
Government  estimate  of  cultivable  area,  namely,  8,760,000  dunams 
is  here  taken.  To  this,  however,  we  must  add  500,000  dunams 
which,  according  to  the  Jewish  Agency,  are  now  under  actual  cul- 
tivation in  Beersheba  in  excess  of  the  cultivable  area  estimated  by 
the  Government  for  Beersheba,  making  a  total  of  9,260,000  dunams 
within  the  Government  definition.  Allowing  130  dunams  of  non- 
irrigable  land  and  twenty-five  dunams  of  irrigable  land  for  each 
family,  and  assuming  that  3,500,000  dunams  out  of  the  total  cul- 
tivable land,  as  above  set  forth,  will  ultimately  be  made  irrigable, 
we  find  that  the  (present)  cultivable  and  ultimately  irrigable  area 
of  Palestine  will  accommodate  a  total  of  184,300  families,  or,  allow- 
ing five  persons  to  a  family,  921,500  persons  deriving  their  sus- 
tenance from  the  land.  It  appears  that  in  the  below  named  coun- 
tries the  percentage  of  earners  engaged  in  agriculture  and  fishing 
was  as  follows: 

America   (United  States)   22.0% 

United  Kingdom    6.8 

Belgium    19.1 

Netherlands  _   20.6 

Switzerland    21.3 

Germany   _  30.5 

Austria   _  31.9 

Denmark    34.8 

France   38.3 

Czechoslovakia    28.3 

Canada   _  31.1 


PAGE  NINETY-EIGHT 


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It  is,  therefore,  not  unreasonable  to  say  that  a  ratio  of  3:1  for 
Palestine,  or  a  ratio  of  25  percent  agricultural  earners  to  75  percent 
earners  in  all  other  occupations  would  be  a  desirable  ratio.  On 
this  basis,  therefore,  Palestine  can  ultimately  attain  a  total  popu- 
lation of  approximately  3,600,000  persons.  The  present  population 
now  being  approximately  1,400,000,  Palestine  could  reasonably 
absorb  2,200,000  additional  immigrants.  If,  however,  the  estimates 
of  the  Jewish  Agency  as  to  ultimately  irrigable  and  immediately 
cultivable  area  are  taken,  the  absorptive  capacity  of  Palestine 
would  be  increased  by  approximately  another  half  million  persons. 

There  is  not,  of  course,  any  hard  and  fast  rule  which  can  serve 
to  determine  the  proportion  of  agricultural  population  to  total 
population  in  any  given  country.  This  proportion  necessarily  is 
determined  by  factors  such  as  the  area  of  cultivable  land,  the 
living  standards  and  social  structure  of  the  population.  One  con- 
sideration which  must  be  taken  into  account  with  respect  to 
Palestine  is  the  special  position  it  occupies  as  an  "entrepot." 
Palestine  is  at  the  crossroads  of  the  two  or  perhaps  the  three  main 
arteries  of  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa.  Palestine  has  an  immediate 
hinterland  of  40,000,000  persons  in  Trans-Jordan,  Syria,  Iraq,  Iran 
and  Egypt.  If  Palestine  should  grow  into  the  "entrepot"  which  its 
geographical  position  promises,  it  will  be  able  soundly  to  sustain 
a  ratio  of  non-agricultural  population  to  agricultural  population 
comparable  to  the  ratio  of  Belgium,  which  is  19.1%  agricultural  to 
79.9%  non-agricultural.  In  that  case,  after  the  fullest  development 
of  Palestine's  irrigable  land  (exclusive  of  Beersheba)  has  been 
achieved  and  its  agricultural  population  grows  to  approximately 
1,000,000  persons,  the  non-agricultural  population  would  be 
4,000,000.  If  water  is  found  in  the  Beersheba  Sub-District,  which 
comprises  practically  one-half  of  the  total  area  of  Palestine,  the 
supply  of  cultivable  land  would  be  practically  inexhaustible.  In 
that  case  additional  millions  could  be  absorbed  into  the  agricul- 
tural and  industrial  life  of  Palestine. 

Jewish  Palestine  shows  that  great  creative  forces  have  been 
generated  by  the  pressure  of  Jewish  misery  and  by  the  age-old 
longing  of  the  Jewish  people  to  normalize  Jewish  life  on  their 
ancient  soil  in  the  social  framework  of  the  Prophets.  Under  the 
impact  of  these  forces  the  static  elements  which  go  to  make  up 
the  physical  country  called  Palestine  are  adjusting  and  will  con- 
tinue to  adjust  themselves  to  expanding  Jewish  need.  Impelled  by 
these  forces,  the  builders  of  Jewish  Palestine  have  frequently  pro- 
jected enterprises  and  employed  methods  which  to  orthodox  econ- 
omists appeared  "uneconomic."  Doubtless  it  was  "uneconomic" 
for  the  Jews  to  pay  the  exorbitant  prices  for  the  land  which  they 
acquired  in  Palestine.  The  growth  of  the  Jewish  agricultural  and 
horticultural  structure  of  Palestine  tells  another  story.  It  was 
wholly  "uneconomic"  for  a  prominent  group  of  Jewish  business 
and  professional  men  in  America  to  aid  Moise  Novomeysky  to 
attempt  the  commercial  extraction  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the 
Dead  Sea.  Expert  opinion  throughout  the  world,  particularly  in 
Germany,  foredoomed  this  attempt  to  failure.  Today  this  "most 
useless  body  of  water  in  the  world"  is  furnishing  work  opportuni- 
ties for  1,500  Jews  and  Arabs  and  sustenance  for  2,500  dependents. 
The  foundations  have  been  laid  for  the  creation  of  a  great  chem- 
ical industry,  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  in  the  course  of  a  genera- 
tion furnish  employment  to  untold  thousands.  It  was  certainly 
"uneconomic"  for  Pinhas  Rutenberg  to  project  the  harnessing  of 
the  Jordan  for  the  creation  of  power  for  industries  and  for  a  land 
irrigation  system  which  were  non-existent  at  the  time.  Today 
Rutenberg's  Palestine  Electric  Corporation  has  industrially  trans- 
formed the  country.  In  1927  this  company  sold  2,527,126  kwh.;  in 
1937,  71,265,000  kwh.  Without  laboring  the  point  too  much,  it  is 
perfectly  clear  to  the  Jews  of  the  world  that  it  is  wholly  "economic" 
for  them  to  apply  a  small  percentage  of  their  total  resources  to 
the  founding  of  a  home  for  their  brethren  who  have  been  so 
cruelly  deprived  of  every  vestige  of  human  dignity.  It  will  still  be 
"economic"  if,  in  the  future,  it  should  be  found  necessary  to  write 
off  part  of  the  capital  which  the  Jewish  people  may  devote  to  the 
intensive  development  and  rehabilitation  of  Palestine. 

It  is  in  the  light  of  the  aforegoing  considerations  that  it  may  be 
reasonably  said  that  Palestine,  freed  from  terror  and  secure  in 
good  government,  will  carry  its  share  of  the  Jewish  refugee  burden 
by  annually  absorbing  from  100,000  to  125,000  Jews  for  many  years 
to  come. 


Gentlemen  •  • 


NOW 
10* 


BY  every  standard  of  value,  the 
Robt.  Burns  Corona  is  the  indi- 
vidualist of  the  ten-cent  class.  It  was 
designed  and  is  produced  to  surpass 
other  ten-cent  cigars. 

Remember  how  corona  has  been  the 
cigar  of  luxury.  No  other  cigar  shape 
shares  its  glamour.  To  the  prestige  of 
its  patrician  shape,  the  Robt.  Burns 
Corona  adds  luscious  taste.  Men  who 
love  full-bodied  Havana  flavor  find 
here  their  kind  of  luxury  at  a  dime. 

•  At  last  four  luxury  cigar  features  at  a  dime: 
1.  All-Havana  filler.  2.  Skilled  craftsmanship. 
3.  Shade-grown    wrapper.    4.   Corona  shape. 

Robt.  Burns 

Featuring  the  World's  Most 
Famous  Cigar  Shape 


PAGE  NINETY-NINE 


PLANNING  A  CIVILIZATION 

(Continued  tro-m  page  71) 
and  suburban  projects  of  Shikun,  the  Labor  Federation 
housing  company.  In  the  seven  years  of  its  operation 
Shikun  has  provided  low-priced  housing  for  over  three 
thousand  workers  at  a  total  outlay  of  over  £P.  1,300, 000, 
and  its  plans  embrace  eight  thousand  more  homes. 

Set  amid  broad  asphalted  roads  and  pleasant  gardens, 
Kiriath  Avoda  has  mastered  the  tyranny  of  the  sand- 
dunes  that  undulate  for  miles  around.  Two  correspond- 
ing blocks  of  flats  form  a  gateway  to  a  cluster  of  one- 
family  houses,  built  to  a  standard  pattern.  Each  house 
contains  two  or  three  rooms,  a  large  verandah  and  an 
airy  tiled  kitchen  and  domestic  offices,  and  is  fronted 
by  a  neat  garden.  The  householder's  initial  payment 
is  EP.85-100,  part  of  which  he  may  provide  in  labor, 
the  balance  of  £P. 500-600  is  paid  off  in  15  or  20  years. 
For  low-paid  workers  for  whom  even  these  terms  are 
too  high,  Shikun  has  evolved  a  housing  scheme  that  re- 
quires only  £P.40 — half  of  which  may  be  paid  in  labor 
— and  £P.420  over  twenty-one  years. 

The  architectural  inspiration  of  these  workers'  houses 
may  be  humble,  but  they  solve  an  acute  problem  in  a 
manner  excelled  not  even  by  Sweden  or  the  Vienna 
of  pre-Dollfuss  days. 

No  other  city  in  Palestine  offers  so  fine  a  field  for  plan- 
ning as  Haifa,  with  the  spacious  plain  and  promontory 
that  stretch  beyond  the  foot  of  Mount  Carmel,  the 
plateau  above  the  town  and  the  slopes  of  Carmel  above 
that.  Care  has  been  taken  to  prevent  a  repetition  on 
the  Carmel  top  of  the  aimless  building  that  characterizes 
part  of  its  slopes.  And  when,  during  the  construction 
of  Haifa  harbor,  it  was  found  possible  to  reclaim  a  large 
stretch  from  the  sea,  not  only  port  buildings  and  a  new 
railway  station  were  provided  for,  but  a  broad, 
straight  business  thoroughfare  also,  a  mile  long  and  the 
most  imposing  in  Palestine. 

The  pride  of  the  planning  of  Palestine  is  the  Haifa 
Bay  area,  known  as  the  Vale  of  Zebulun.  Whether  one 
hundred  thousand  or  half  a  million  people  will  one  day 
have  their  homes  here,  whether  it  will  become  a  great 
new  city  in  its  own  right  or  remain  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  Haifa,  the  future  will  decide.  But  already, 
in  its  purpose  and  method,  it  is  symbolic  of  the  aspira- 
tions of  the  Jewish  upbuilding  of  Palestine. 

Just  ten  years  ago  the  development  plan  of  this  region 


Ein  Harod 


Kfa 
Yehos 


was  drawn  up  by  Professor  Patrick  Abercrombie  of 
Liverpool,  one  of  the  world's  foremost  town-planners. 
The  area  the  plan  covers  is  about  10,000  acres,  five 
times  the  whole  area  of  Tel  Aviv.  What  has  conduced 
to  good  planning  is  that  the  greater  part  of  the  land 
belongs  to  the  Jewish  National  Fund  and  a  smaller  sec- 
tion to  the  Palestine  Economic  Corporation,  and  is  there- 
fore controlled  in  the  interests  of  the  community.  "For 
however  compelling  the  powers  of  town-planning  are," 
as  Professor  Abercrombie  wrote,  "they  are  enhanced 
one-hundred-fold  when  combined  with  public  owner- 
ship of  the  land." 

The  region  is  divided  into  three  well-defined  zones, 
residential,  industrial  and  agricultural,  all  in  proximity 
but  none  impinging  on  the  other.  The  whole  resembles 
the  plan  of  a  tree,  with  the  Haifa-Acre  arterial  road  as 
the  trunk,  the  cross-roads  as  branches,  the  local  roads 
as  boughs  and  the  houses  as  leaves. 

Over  fifty  factories  have  so  far  been  erected  in  the 
industrial  zone,  adjoining  the  petrol  tank  area,  which  is 
to  house  the  new  petrol  refineries  also.  Here,  too,  are 
railway  workshops  and  an  aerodrome. 

Four  quarters  have  been  laid  out  in  the  residential 
zone,  to  accommodate  2,300  families.  Ample  space  re- 
mains for  expansion  within  these  quarters  and  for  the 
construction  of  new  quarters.  The  third  zone  has  only 
recently  been  launched  on  its  course  of  development 
with  the  establishment  of  the  first  kvutza,  Ein  Hamifratz. 

Because  communications  are  excellent,  both  by  road 
and  railway,  men  working  in  Haifa  may  live  in  the  resi- 
dential zone  without  inconvenience.  Their  children  go 
to  school  near  home,  and,  because  it  is  so  planned, 
need  cross  no  main  roads  to  get  there.  Their  wives 
have  shopping  facilities  at  hand.  Traffic  disturbance 
and  dust  are  practically  non-existent.  Besides  the  open 
spaces  for  parks  and  boulevards  and  for  seaside  resorts 
each  cottage  or  apartment  building  has  its  flower 
garden,  some  having  enough  land  also  for  a  vegetable 
garden.  Space  for  every  kind  of  public  amenity  is 
available.  There  is  privacy  for  every  one,  yet  each 
quarter  forms  a  closely  knit  community. 

Beyond  the  Vale  of  Zebulun  is  a  doleful  wilderness, 
dotted  only  with  Bedouin  encampments  and  sparsely- 
growing  date  palms.  But  the  planned  civilization  of  the 
new  city  along  the  Bay  will  some  day  reach  into  that 
region  too. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED 


Hiill 

N  U\N    Y  O  RyCJ  S^B  EST    L  O^C%  ATED  HOTEL 


ur  perfect  host 
r  all  occasions 


To  the 
WORLD'S  FAIR 

Only  a  5-cent  ride  by  ex- 
press subwayfrom  the  lower 
lobby  of  The  Commodore! 


#  Whether  you  drop  in  casually  for 
luncheon  or  dinner,  or  come  for  a  meet- 
ing, a  banquet  or  a  longer  stay,  you  will 
find  extra  pleasure  in  the  Commodore  s 
convenience,  comfort,  and  friendly  hos- 
pitality. Handy  to  business  districts  and 
Manhattan  attractions — and  your  ideal 
headquarters  for  the  New  York  World's 
Fair.  Air-conditioned  restaurants;  fam- 
ous food;  experienced  service. 

2000  large,  comfortable,  outside  rooms  — 
all  with  private  bath  — from  $4 

Banquet  and  meeting  *ooms  for 
gatherings  of  every  type  and  size 

FRANK    J.   CROHAN,  President 

M  M  O  D  O  R  E 

RIGHT  AT  GRAND  CENTRAL  TERMINAL  •  NEW  YORK 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  ONE 


JEWRY'S  UNDYING  YEARNING 
FOR  ZION 

(Continued  Irom  page  25) 

of  Jewish  Palestine,  we  can  affirm  with  simple  candor  that  in  any 
other  land,  under  any  other  circumstances,  they  would  have  been 
impossible.  Twenty-two  years  ago,  when  the  Balfour  Declaration 
was  issued,  there  were  some  55,000  Jews  in  Palestine.  A  con- 
siderable part  of  them,  perhaps  the  greatest  part,  were  of  the  old 
religious  world,  men  who  had  come  to  spend  their  last  years  in 
Palestine.  We  have  built  up  a  Jewish  Homeland  which  now 
harbors  close  on  half  a  million  Jews.  We  have  done  it — and 
this  is  undoubtedly  unique  in  the  history  of  colonization — through 
a  private,  non-governmental  body,  which  had  no  official  treasury 
at  its  back,  no  State  organization  to  aid  it,  no  power  of  taxation. 
We  did  it  with  one  hand  tied,  as  it  were,  behind  our  back.  The 
rich  Jews  of  the  Western  world  were,  at  that  time,  wholly  skeptical 
of  the  feasibility  of  the  enterprise.  The  funds  which  were  donated 
toward  the  homeland  came  very  largely  from  the  lower  and 
middle  classes.  The  land  itself,  to  which  we  came,  was  im- 
poverished. Four  centuries  of  Turkish  neglect  and  misrule  had 
crippled  it.  And  then  we  must  remember  our  own  lack  of  equip- 
ment, at  least  in  the  technical  sense:  a  people  with  no  experience, 
no  training,  a  people  which  for  centuries  had  been  divorced  by 
cruel  laws  from  agricultural  pursuits,  a  broken  people  of  petty 
traders,  small  manufacturers,  intellectuals  and  middlemen.  That 
we  have  triumphed  over  such  handicaps — there  cannot  be  any 
doubt  that  the  structure  of  the  Jewish  homeland  does  represent  a 
triumph — must  to  a  large  extent  be  ascribed  to  the  tremendous 
urge  toward  Palestine  resident  within  the  Jewish  people. 

The  physical  picture  of  our  achievements  is  undoubtedly  impres- 
sive in  itself,  but  it  becomes  much  more  impressive  when  it  is 
set  against  its  correct  background  of  inward  transformation.  Of 
the  nearly  five  hundred  thousand  Jews  who  make  up  the  Jewish 
homeland  today,  nearly  one-fifth  are  settled  on  the  land.  Un- 
doubtedly this  percentage  is  still  not  large  enough,  but  it  repre- 
sents a  transposition  in  Jewish  occupational  distribution  which  is 
little  short  of  miraculous.  Certainly  nothing  like  it  has  ever  been 
achieved  elsewhere,  though  many  efforts  have  been  made,  and 
great  sums  expended  on  them.  Again  we  must  point  to  the  motif  of 
historic  and  national  pride,  that  imponderable  which  gives  to  the 
building  of  the  Jewish  homeland  the  decisive  advantage  over 
every  other  attempt  to  solve  the  question  of  Jewish  homelessness. 

It  is  proper,  in  this  connection,  to  touch  on  a  problem  which  has 
been  presented  with  not  a  little  misrepresentation  both  to  the 
Jewish  and  the  non-Jewish  world.  When  the  large  scale  coloni- 
zation of  Palestine  was  proposed,  after  the  war,  the  first  reaction 
of  some  observers  was  that  the  six  hundred  thousand  men,  women 
and  children  who  then  inhabited  the  country  represented  the  maxi- 
mum capacity  of  the  country.  "Palestine  is  poor,"  they  said.  "It 
can  barely  support  its  present  population  on  the  low  level  of  sub- 
sistence which  characterizes  the  country."  They  were  completely 
right — and  completely  wrong.  Palestine  was  poor  and  it  was 
barely  able  to  support  the  six  hundred  thousand  inhabitants  of 
the  year  1917.  The  only  way  Palestine  could  become  prosperous, 
and  the  standard  of  living  raised,  was  to  increase  the  population! 
Time  has  proved  this  paradox.  The  population  of  Palestine  is,  in 
1939,  more  than  twice  what  it  was  in  1917.  And  the  standard  of 
living  is  incomparably  higher.  Nor  has  the  optimum  density  been 
reached.  A  great  many  hundreds  of  thousands  of  newcomers  will 
serve  to  increase  both  the  absorptive  capacity  of  the  country  and 
the  quantity  of  goods  consumed  annually  by  each  person. 

It  is  a  remarkable  fact,  which  has  attracted  little  attention,  that 
the  non-Jewish  or  Arab  population  of  Palestine,  has  flourished, 
since  the  influx  of  Jews  began,  to  an  extent  unknown  in  any  other 
part  of  the  Arab  world!  The  Arabs  of  Palestine  numbered  less 
than  500,000  in  1917.  Today  they  number  a  million.  No  other 
country  has  doubled  in  its  population  in  a  like  interval;  and  in- 
crease of  population  is  the  first  evidence  of  a  rise  in  the  standard 
of  living.  It  would  be  instructive  to  contrast  the  state  of  the  Arabs 
of  Palestine  with  that  of  Arabs  in  certain  other  Mediterranean 
countries,  where  in  the  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years  there  has  been 
a  drastic  decline  of  the  population. 

So  much  has  been  said  of  late  regarding  the  "rights"  of  the 
Arabs — as  though  the  first  right  of  a  human  being  were  not  to  be 
permitted  to  live  in  peace,  with  the  prospect  of  free  growth  and 
the   acquisition    of   higher   standards   of   living — that   it   is  well 


to  remember,  side  by  side  with  the  record  of  what  the  Jews 
hava  done  for  the  Arabs  of  Palestine,  the  words  of  Lord  Milner: 

"If  the  Arabs  go  to  the  length  of  claiming  Palestine  as  one  of 
their  countries  in  the  same  sense  as  Mesopotamia,  then  they  are 
flying  in  the  face  of  facts,  of  all  history,  of  all  traditions  and  all 
associations  of  the  most  important  character,  I  had  almost  said  the 
most  sacred  character.  The  future  of  Palestine  cannot  possibly  be 
left  to  be  determined  by  the  temporary  impressions  and  feelings 
of  the  Arab  majority  in  the  country  at  the  present  day." 

Those  words  were  spoken  in  1923,  before  the  great  sacrifices  of 
the  Jews  had  brought  prosperity  to  tens  of  thousands  of  Arabs  and 
acquainted  them  with  a  manner  of  life  to  which  their  own  leaders 
— the  spokesmen  who  pretend  to  represent  them  to  the  outside 
world — would  never  have  given  them  access.  Time  has  given  even 
sharper  significance  to  the  utterance  of  the  famous  statesman 
Milner.  And  the  record  of  the  Jews  in  the  rebuilding  of  Palestine 
has  justified  the  stand  which  was  taken  by  him,  as  well  as  by  all 
the  world's  leading  statesmen. 

One  of  the  basic  errors  connected  with  a  superficial  view  of  the 
Jewish-Arab  problem  has  to  do  with  the  land.  Those  who  are  not 
acquainted  with  the  facts  of  the  case  quite  naturally  assume  that 
Jewish  land  settlement  must  be  preceded  by  displacement  of 
Arabs.  Yet  enormous  areas — enormous,  that  is,  by  reference  to 
the  size  of  Palestine — are  now  under  Jewish  cultivation,  which  the 
Arabs  never  worked;  they  were  desert  and  swamp  land.  Water 
had  to  be  introduced  or  drained  away,  malarial  regions  had  to  be 
cleared  before  the  soil  could  be  made  fruitful.  The  Jews  carried 
out  this  reclamation,  at  great  sacrifices  in  wealth  and  lives.  At 
this  very  time,  under  the  stress  of  a  reign  of  terror  which  is  largely 
supported  from  the  outside,  the  Jews  are  opening  for  settlement  an 
immense  swamp  known  as  the  Hule,  making  room  for  thousands 
of  settlers  where  no  habitations  existed  before.  All  of  these  re- 
markable feats  are  mirrored  in  the  various  phases  of  the  Palestine 
Exhibit;  and  one  of  the  major  purposes  which  the  Exhibit  will 
serve  is  to  acquaint  millions  of  visitors  with  this  characteristic 
aspect  of  the  growth  of  the  Jewish  homeland. 

It  is  at  this  point  that  we  may  rightly  introduce  the  third  funda- 
mental in  the  study  of  the  creative  aspects  of  Zionism — the  trans- 
formation of  frustrated  city  dwellers  into  bands  of  pioneers.  This  is 
a  revolution  in  the  history  of  the  Jewish  people.  For  something 
like  nineteen  centuries  Jews  have  been  on  the  move — certainly  not 
of  their  own  volition.  But  driven  from  one  place  to  another,  they 
have  always  been  forced  into  lands  which  had  already  been  built 
up.  This  has  to  some  extent  been  responsible  for  the  attitude  of 
many  non-Jews  toward  Jews.  The  accusation  has  always  been — 
its  injustice  is  obvious  when  we  consider  the  circumstances  of  the 
case,  even  though  a  superficial  plausibility  attached  to  the  accu- 
sation— that  the  Jews  have  always  led  a  parasitic  existence,  com- 
ing along  into  a  land  when  everything  is  ready-made.  But  here 
in  Palestine  there  was  an  opportunity  to  create  everything  from 
the  very  elements.  There  was  sand  and  marsh  to  be  converted 
into  cultivable  land.  There  were  no  houses,  and  the  Jews  had  to 
build  them.  It  was  a  moral  principle,  indeed  a  moral  necessity, 
that  the  Jews,  in  building  their  homeland,  should  clear  themselves 
of  the  stigma  which  history  had  forced  upon  them  elsewhere. 

From  this  circumstance,  on  the  other  hand,  has  risen  the  alto- 
gether curious  reproach  that  Jews,  coming  to  Palestine,  do  not 
make  use  of  Arab  labor.  In  its  blanket  form,  the  accusation  is,  as 
it  happens,  false;  for  in  normal  times  the  Jews  employed  up  to  ten 
thousand  Arabs  annually  in  their  orchards  alone.  But  the  Jews 
were  placed  —  as  they  so  frequently  are  —  on  the  horns  of  a 
dilemma.  If  they  had  resorted  to  the  large  market  of  cheap  labor 
which  they  found  in  the  country  the  world  would  have  said:  "It  is 
always  thus!  The  Jews  come  and  live  in  the  country  and  the  real 
work  is  done  by  others."  Having  decided  to  make  this  reproach 
impossible,  the  Jews  must  now  hear  the  opposite:  "Jews  come  into 
the  country  and  do  not  employ  the  labor  which  is  already  there!" 
It  may  perhaps  be  said  that  this  impasse  is  quite  typical  of  the 
Jewish  problem.  It  seems  to  be  impossible  for  the  Jew  to  escape 
the  accusations  of  a  certain  type  of  non-Jew. 

Yet  it  was  a  life  and  death  necessity  for  the  Jews  to  bring 
about  this  change  in  their  occupational  structure.  It  was  their  pro- 
foundest  conviction  that  they  would  possess  a  thing  only  if  they 
built  it  with  their  own  hands;  and  here  in  Palestine  they  found 
an  opportunity  which  had  never  been  offered  them  in  any  other 
country.  This  was  for  them  a  moral  liberation — the  fourth  funda- 
mental— which  released  unsuspected  physical  energies.  It  did 
more  than  that.  It  imparted  to  the  Jewish  homeland  a  solidity  and 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWO 


(Compliments 

ABRAHAM  DREIER 


DREIER  HOTELS 

NEW  YORK 

PICCADILLY  •  PLYMOUTH  •  PRESIDENT 
CAPITOL    •     FORREST    •    RIVERSIDE  PLAZA 

3000  ROOMS 
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a  power  of  resistance  which  are  now  being  put  to  the  test,  and 
which  constitute  the  vindication  of  their  decision. 

It  may  seem  to  some  that  in  a  world  which  has  of  late  witnessed 
so  many  national  tragedies  there  is  a  certain  disproportion  in 
dwelling  on  the  tragedy  of  the  lew:  that  when  so  many  larger 
countries  have  suffered  violence  and  destruction,  the  little  Jewish 
homeland  cannot  hope  to  attract  much  attention.  But  it  is  not 
amiss  to  point  out  that  in  one  respect  the  Jewish  problem,  and  the 
heroic  struggle  of  the  Jewish  homeland  for  subsistence  and  self- 
realization,  have  a  symbolic  as  well  as  a  human  significance.  Of 
all  oppressed  minorities,  the  Jewish  is  the  oldest  and  has  the  long- 
est record  of  suffering.  Of  all  countries,  the  Jewish  homeland  is 
the  newest  and  represents  the  most  heroic  effort  made  by  any 
people  to  lift  itself  out  of  a  condition  of  despair.  Not  very  long 
ago,  when  a  breathing  spell  of  sanity  was  vouchsafed  the  world, 
fifty-two  nations,  among  them  the  United  States,  expressed  their 
official  approval  of  the  enterprise  known  as  the  Jewish  homeland. 
It  is  only  with  the  emergence  of  a  spirit  of  lawlessness  and  bru- 
tality, such  as  now  threatens  the  safety  of  even  great  nations,  that 
the  righting  of  the  ancient  historic  wrong  done  to  the  Jews  has 
come  under  hostile  scrutiny.  A  little  thought  will  make  it  clear 
that  the  refusal  to  recognize  the  right  of  the  Jews  to  build  their 
own  homeland  is  of  a  piece  with  the  general  denial  of  human 
rights,  individual  and  national,  which  has  become  so  wide-spread 
and  which  challenges  the  foundations  of  international  law  and 
morality. 

Undoubtedly  the  Jewish  homeland  is,  to  many  millions  of  Ameri- 
cans, a  remote  phenomenon,  scarcely  within  the  realm  of  reality. 
Perhaps  what  has  been  needed,  in  order  to  reach  the  understand- 
ing and  awaken  the  sympathy  of  the  great  democracy  of  the  West, 
has  been  just  such  a  living  picture  as  the  Palestine  Pavilion  offers. 
If  it  serves  that  purpose  it  will  have  rendered  a  service  not  only 
to  the  harassed  Jewish  people,  but  to  the  cause  of  world  justice; 
for  it  should  be  clear  that  the  Jewish  problem  is  in  a  sense  the 
touchstone  of  civilization,  and  that  as  long  as  the  Jewish  problem 
remains  unsolved  the  civilized  world  will  not  have  proved  itself 
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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  FIVE 


ASKING  FOR  NO  PITY  ....  Dorothy  Thompson 

(Continued  from  page  47) 
It  is  only  by  showing  their  positive  achievements 
that  Jews  can  hope  to  bring  to  their  neighbors  that 
understanding  which  all  human  groups  should  have 
of  one  another  and  without  which  there  can  be  no 
true  tolerance.  The  Gentile  world  knows  very  little 
about  the  home  life  of  the  Jew,  about  his  rituals  and 
ceremonies,  his  beliefs  and  ideals.  Of  what  Jewish 
enterprise  has  achieved  in  Palestine  in  recent  years 
the  world  knows  even  less. 

Yet,  as  I  have  tried  to  show,  it  is  of  the  utmost 
importance  to  bring  these  things  to  the  knowledge  of 
the  Christian  world.  And  the  Jewish  Palestine 
Pavilion  at  the  World's  Fair  has  just  this  function — 
to  bring  before  the  eyes  of  the  general  public  an 
accurate  picture  of  what  Jews  have  accomplished  in 
their  colonization  of  the  Holy  Land. 

Though  I  have  never  been  in  Palestine  I  have 
made  a  serious  study  of  the  Zionist  movement;  I 
have  spoken  with  many  Zionist  leaders  and  with 
Chalutzim  bound  for  Palestine,  and  I  have  even 
covered  a  Zionist  Congress  for  an  American  news- 
paper. And  from  what  I  have  heard  and  read  I 
feel  sure  that  what  the  Jewish  pioneers  are  build- 
ing up  in  Palestine  today  is  the  ideal  agricultural 
community  which  I  have  long  been  hoping  to  find 
somewhere  on  our  globe. 

I  am  looking  forward  to  the  Palestine  Pavilion 
because  I  expect  to  see  there  the  exact  structure 
of  this  modern  Jewish  agricultural  community,  as 
well  as  exhibits  showing  all  the  other  phases  of 
the  Jewish  work  of  rehabilitation  and  reclamation 
of  a  land  neglected  for  many  centuries.  But  even 
more  eagerly  am  I  anticipating  the  Pavilion  for  its 
portrayal  of  the  Jews  as  a  happy  and  productive 
people,  creating  a  new  home  for  themselves,  over- 
coming hardships  as  gallantly  as  the  pioneers  who 
built  our  own  country. 

In  the  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the  Fair  the  Jews  of 
America  will  for  the  first  time  present  to  the  whole 
American  people  a  vivid  picture  of  the  positive 
achievements  of  nearly  half  a  million  Jews  in  Pales- 
tine. Here  will  be  no  lamenting  of  persecutions,  but 
a  panorama  of  a  new  community  thriving  on  its 
own  soil  and  asking  for  no  pity.  Human  nature 
being  what  it  is,  this  will  be  the  most  effective 
means  yet  devised  for  gaining  the  sympathetic  un- 
derstanding of  the  general  American  public  for  the 
aims  and  aspirations  of  the  Jew. 

A  NEW  COMMUNITY 
THRIVING  ON  ITS 
ANCESTRAL  SOIL 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  SIX 


THE  REBIRTH  OF  THE  HOLY  LAND  .  .  .  Louis  Lipsky 

{Continued  from  page  33) 

of  the  old  and  feeble,  but  through  the  work  of  the  young  and 
vigorous  and  creative. 

The  story  of  the  Redemption  of  the  Holy  Land  is  a  tale  not  more 
than  fifty  years  old.  A  small  group  of  students,  fresh  from  the 
universities,  came  into  the  land,  determined  to  nurture  it  to  life. 
They  stumbled  and  fell  in  the  swamps,  and  many  of  them  died 
there.  Then  came  a  larger  group  who  cleared  the  way  for  homes 
and  farms,  and  gradually  there  trickled  into  the  land  men  and 
women  lifting  their  eyes  to  the  sun,  dreaming  of  ancient  days, 
but  planning  the  fulfillment  of  prophecy.  They  learned  the  habits 
of  the  land  through  pain  and  struggle,  through  sickness  and  death. 
With  their  own  hands,  they  removed  the  stones  from  the  bosom 
of  the  buried  Land.  They  cleared  the  way;  they  planted  new 
seeds  and  poured  new  substance  into  the  soil,  and  opened  its 
pores  to  enable  it  once  more  to  breathe  the  fresh  air.  They  planted 
trees  and  gardens.  They  removed  the  stale  smells  of  an  ancient 
time,  and  replaced  them  with  the  aroma  of  flowers.  They  brought 
order  and  cleanliness,  color  and  form  into  the  cities,  health  and 
burgeoning  life.  They  rebuilt  the  streets  of  the  ancient  city  of 
Jerusalem,  and  encircled  it  with  boulevards  and  suburbs.  They 
made  old  Mount  Carmel,  looking  out  into  the  Mediterranean,  a 
cluster  of  bright,  colorful  villages  beckoning  to  the  traveler.  They 
made  possible  a  new  Haifa,  through  whose  port  thousands  of 
ships  pass;  with  their  own  hands  they  built  the  jetty  of  Tel  Aviv, 
which  reaches  out  into  the  sea,  a  new  beacon  of  liberty  for  the 
oppressed  race.  They  set  into  the  head  of  Mount  Scopus  the  most 
brilliant  of  all  their  jewels,  the  Hebrew  University,  and  once  again 
Torah  came  as  a  living  stream  from  the  City  of  David.  And  the 
band  rose  to  meet  its  Redeemers. 


But  that  was  not  the  only  miracle.  The  wonder  was  not  solely 
in  the  Rebirth  of  the  Land,  but  in  the  redemption  of  the  Redeemers. 
An  ancient  people  for  two  thousand  years  kept  under  the  heel  of 
oppression,  suffering  humiliation  and  distortion  of  character,  the 
bitterness  of  endless  exile  (tenants  everywhere,  nowhere  with 
title  to  Home),  were  recreated  through  their  devotion  to  the  ancient 
dwelling-place.  They  discarded  the  pursuits  of  exile;  they  turned 
once  more  to  the  tilling  of  the  soil;  they  learned  the  arts  and  crafts; 
they  became  metal-workers,  carpet-weavers,  house-builders,  road- 
makers,  stone-cutters.  They  were  bronzed  in  the  sun;  their  backs 
were  straightened  out;  their  hands  became  hardened  with  labor. 
They  developed  the  culture  of  the  citrus  fruit  and  brought  it  to  the 
markets  of  the  world.  They  harnessed  the  waters  of  the  Jordan 
for  light  and  power.  They  dug  up  the  age-old  deposits  of  the  Dead 
Sea,  and  turned  them  into  the  food  of  the  soil.  They  revived  the 
lost  melodies  of  an  ancient  people.  They  brought  music  and  dra- 
matic art  to  the  cities  and  villages.  They  revived  their  ancient 
language.  They  discovered  in  themselves  qualities  they  had  for- 
gotten. They  restored  labor  to  a  place  of  dignity.  When  they  felt 
the  living  pulse  of  the  dead  land  beating  once  again,  they  real- 
ized— as  in  the  olden  days — that  through  work,  and  only  through 
work,  mind  and  spirit  acquire  a  new  meaning  and  a  new  life,  and 
that  miracles  are  possible. 


The  Palestine  Pavilion,  which  is  to  grace  the  World's  Fair  o/ 
1939,  is  the  work  oi  the  renascent  Jewish  people  engaged  in  the 
Redemption  ol  their  National  Home.  It  is  they  who  are  the  makers 
of  the  Miracle  ol  the  Palestine  ol  today. 

What  will  be  shown  in  the  Pavilion  will  communicate  the  mean- 
ing and  significance  of  the  Holy  Land:  it  will  reflect  the  creative 
spirit  of  the  Jewish  people.  All  the  designs  are  their  own;  all  of 
the  art  comes  from  their  dreaming  and  planning;  and  the  colors 
have  been  extracted  from  the  sun-kissed  hills  of  a  throbbing,  new 
Palestine.  They  have  transformed  an 'ancient  land,  and  given  it 
place  again  as  a  creative  force  in  the  concert  of  nations.  It  is 
the  mirror  of  the  Jewish  soul,  and  it  is  prepared  once  more  to 
serve  as  the  Land  of  Peace  and  Brotherhood,  and  as  the  Land 
where  Justice  shall  be  practised. 


The  new  Steinway 
is  easy  to  buy! 


STEINWAY 
PIANINO 


ONLY 


'550 


(mahogany) 
F.O.B.— N.Y.C. 


Steinway  &  Sons  built  the  Pianino  in  answer  to  the 
need  for  a  small  piano  of  truly  fine  quality.  Years 
of  experiment  preceded  the  announcement.  Work- 
manship is  typically  Steinway.  The  tone  is  deep 
and  resonant — far  superior  to  any  you  might  have 
expected  in  an  instrument  this  size.  The  action  is 
sensitive  and  responsive. 

You  will  be  proud  of  this  Steinway — and  it  will 
return  you  many  long  years  of  pleasure.  What 
wiser  investment  could  you  make  for  you  and 
your  children?  See  your  local  dealer  for  prices 
and  easy-purchase  terms.  Or  call  at  Steinway 
&  Sons,  Steinway  Hall,  109  W.  57th  St.,  New  York. 


STEINWAY 

THE    INSTRUMENT    OF    THE  IMMORTALS 


•  P  ^  < 

wf.  J.  World's    Fair    visitors    are    cordially    invited    to  visit 

Steinway  Hall  to  see  the  iamous  Steinway  collection  oi 
paintings.  Mr.  Theodore  Steinway's  "Musical  Stamps''  will 
be  on  exhibit.  Other  interesting  displays.  A  special  welcome 
to  out-oi-town  visitors. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  SEVEN 

I 


FILMS  j-  CAMERAS 
PAPERS  -  CHEMICALS 

y^LL-AMERICAN  products  by  Ameri- 
can workers.  .  .  .  Recognized  for 
superior  quality  by  photographers  every- 
where. .  .  .  Made  by  Agfa  Ansco  Cor- 
poration in  Binghamton,  New  York. 

THE    MARK    OF  QUALITY 

IN      PHOTOGRAPHIC  MATERIALS 


THE  PAVILION  IN  THE  MAKING 

(Continued  horn  page  41) 

for  the  carrying  out  of  our  plans.  And,  strange  to  say,  in 
some  quarters  where  we  had  least  reason  to  expect  it  we 
met  with  a  complete  lack  of  receptive  capacity  for  the 
significance  and  import  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion 
at  the  World's  Fair.  We  even  found  some  skeptics  who 
viewed  the  Pavilion  as  a  luxury  which  the  Jewish  people 
could  ill  afford  in  the  midst  of  their  present  struggle  for 
survival.  That  the  Palestine  exhibit  supplies  a  basis 
which  unquestionably  will  facilitate  every  phase  of  the 
reconstruction  work  of  the  Jewish  people  throughout  the 
world  finally  was  understood  by  most  of  these  doubters, 
but  only  after  a  great  expenditure  of  energy  on  the  part 
of  the  sponsors.  The  response  to  our  efforts  was  meager, 
and  we  would  not  have  been  able  to  complete  the  work 
had  it  not  been  for  the  generous  cooperation  of  the 
Palestine  Foundation  Fund  and  the  Jewish  National  Fund. 
The  Zionist  Organization  of  America,  Hadassah  and 
other  organizations  affiliated  with  the  sponsorship  also 
gave  unstintingly  of  their  aid  to  our  project. 

•  •  • 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Palestine  Pavilion  is  perhaps  the 
only  free,  uncensored  national  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair. 
Our  limitations  were  financial  only;  in  every  other  respect 
we  were  unhampered.  There  was  no  political  policy  to 
consider.  The  Palestine  exhibit  has  nothing  to  hide  or  to 
distort.  There  are  no  huge  armaments  or  intensive  mili- 
tarization to  be  covered  up.  There  was  no  party  line  or 
propaganda  formula  to  be  followed.  Our  sole  guiding 
principle  was  to  present  Jewish  Palestine  as  it  is. 

Statistics,  charts,  photomurals,  maps  and  models,  how- 
ever skillfully  wrought,  cannot  per  se  express  the  spirit 
of  a  country.  If  this  spirit  is  to  be  caught  in  all  its  native 
vitality  it  must  be  given  form  by  artists  and  craftsmen 
who  are  intrinsically  a  part  of  that  which  they  try  to 
recreate.  It  was  therefore  decided  to  have  the  entire 
exhibit  built  in  Palestine.  The  task  of  constructing  it  was 
entrusted  to  the  Mischar  V'Taasia  of  Tel  Aviv,  the  Levant 
Fair  Studios,  whose  artistic  execution  of  the  plans  is  an 
admirable  achievement.  Under  the  leadership  of  Arieh 
El-Hanani,  chief  architect,  the  Levant  Fair  Studios  suc- 
cessfully accomplished  the  difficult,  frequently  perplexing 
work  of  building  an  exhibit  that  provides  a  comprehen- 
sive picture  of  the  economic,  cultural,  social  and  indus- 
trial panorama  of  modern  Palestine.  Had  it  not  been  for 
those  imponderables  which  such  personalities  as  El- 
Hanani  and  his  co-workers  were  able  to  contribute,  the 
result  would  have  been  merely  a  technical  victory.  As  it 
is,  I  believe  that  the  Palestine  exhibit  has  overcome  the 
customary  static  limitations  of  an  exposition  and  is  in- 
stinct with  that  dynamic,  restless  quality  which,  inherent 
in  all  life,  characterizes  the  process  of  building  up  the 
Jewish  National  Homeland. 

•  e  • 

The  same  almost  instinctive  re-creation  of  Palestine  in 
Flushing  Meadows  is  also  exemplified  by  the  Pavilion 
building  itself,  designed  by  El-Hanani  in  association  with 
the  late  Norvin  R.  Lindheim,  whose  selfless,  devoted  work 
contributed  much  to  this  undertaking  and  whose  sudden 
passing  meant  a  tragic  loss.  Perhaps  more  than  any  one 
else  associated  with  the  Pavilion  he  blended  in  his  youth- 


I 


.s  there  anything 
ahout  menstruation  which  you  do  not 
understand?  Midol's  new  hooklet, 
"What  Women  Want  to  Know,"  deals 
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M*1)OL 


RELIEVES  FUNCTIONAL  PERIODIC  PAIN 


PAGE 


ONE  HUNDRED  EIGHT 


ful  personality  the  best  that  American  and  Palestine 
Jewries  have  produced.  The  valuable  work  of  Lee  Simon- 
son,  consultant  designer,  who  is  entirely  responsible  for 
the  dioramic  exhibits  in  the  section  "The  Holy  Land  of 
Yesterday  and  Tomorrow,"  deserves  special  acknowl- 
edgment. Bringing  to  his  task  not  only  his  wealth  of 
artistic  experience  but  also  a  continually  growing  interest 
in  the  meaning  behind  the  hills  and  valleys,  the  stones 
and  mortar  that  make  up  Palestine,  he  has  captured  in 
these  dioramas  some  of  the  fragrance  of  the  Palestine 
atmosphere  which  mere  technical  mechanics  could  never 
produce.  The  creative  landscaping  of  J.  J.  Levison,  com- 
bined with  his  thorough  familiarity  with  the  flora  of 
Palestine,  has  given  to  the  Pavilion  a  peculiarly  appro- 
priate setting  which  no  other  landscape  artist  could  have 
provided. 

Thus  the  Palestine  Pavilion  is  the  work  of  a  group  of 
artists  whose;  wholehearted  devotion  to  the  cause  this 
building  represents  has  informed  their  work  with  a  deep 
spiritual  significance. 

SYMBOL  OF  A  PEOPLE'S  WILL 

By  LUDWIG  LEWISOHN 

( I  HIS  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the  World's  Fair  is  the 
symbol  of  a  people's  will.  It  is  the  symbol  of  the 
will  of  a  crucified  people — crucified  from  age  to  age 
for  the  sins  of  mankind.  Powers  and  principalities,  all 
the  dark  instrumentalities  of  force,  have  sought  from 
age  to  age  to  crush  this  people.  Measureless  have  been 
and  are  its  sufferings  and  humiliations.  Yet  this  Pa- 
vilion has  arisen  and  all  that  it  concretely  shows  and 
illustrates  has  come  to  be  in  order  to  bring  to  all  men 
of  every  nation  and  of  every  faith  who  shall  visit  the 
World's  Fair  the  comforting  assurance  that  force  does 
not  wholly  prevail. 

It  is  the  moral  will  and  the  moral  vision  that  are 
decisive.  A  part  of  the  people  Israel,  acting  out  of  the 
best  and  purest  will  within  that  people,  determined  at 
last  to  emancipate  that  people  from  the  wrongs  and 
horrors  of  a  war-like  and  unredeemed  world.  They 
determined  to  emancipate  it  not  by  words  nor  by  pro- 
tests nor  even  by  prayers  but  by  a  great  and  undeni- 
able creative  act.  That  creative  act  was  the  resettle- 
ment of  Palestine  and  the  rebirth  of  a  people  on  and 
through  its  ancestral  soil  and  sky. 

The  world  of  force  and  pagan  fury  has  resisted  this 
act  of  a  people's  self-emancipation  and  self-redemp- 
tion. It  resists  the  act  in  this  very  hour.  Hence  our 
Pavilion  is  more  than  a  Pavilion.  It  is  a  beacon-light 
that  radiates  its  beams  over  the  dark  waters  of  a  world 
almost  in  chaos  and  brings  the  message  that  creation 
prevails  over  destruction,  birth  over  death,  and  the 
highest  human  freedom  over  the  machinations  of  both 
the  tyrant  and  the  slave. 

Our  land,  the  land  of  Israel,  is  not  a  large  land;  it  is 
not  a  land  rich  in  resources  of  nature;  we  have  not  yet 
been  permitted  to  repossess  even  all  of  its  dunes  and 
deserts,  even  all  of  its  waste  places  which  the  hands 
and  sacrifices  of  our  pioneers  have  known  how  to 
return  to  blossom  and  to  fruitage.  The  numbers  of  our 
redeemed  people  on  the  redeemed  soil  of  the  fathers 
are  not  yet  very  large.  Yet  already  this  Pavilion  and 
all  it  holds  and  shows  arises  here  in  this  most  bitter 
and  disastrous  age — arises  as  symbol,  sign  and  token 
of  one  of  the  major  triumphs  of  the  human  spirit. 


MAKING  LIFE 

Safer 

FOR  MILLIONS 


The  Sealtest  System  of  Laboratory  Protection'  works  to 
make  life  safer  by  improving  the  quality  and  safeguarding  the 
purity  of  milk,  ice  cream  and  other  dairy  products.  More  than 
one  hundred  affiliated  laboratories,  headed  by  leading  food 
scientists,  are  devoted  to  this  great  work. 

In  thousands  of  communities  the  outstanding  milk  and  ice 
creams  are  those  produced  under  Sealtest  supervision.  They 
bear  the  red-and-white  Sealtest  Symbol  as  evidence  of  Sealtest 
approval. 

To  millions  of  families  this  red-and-white  Sealtest  Symbol  is 
a  buying  guide  .  .  .  an  added  assurance  of  quality,  purity  and 
wholesomeness  in  dairy  products. 


The  Sealtest  System  of  Laboratory  Protection  and  its  Member- 
Companies  art'  Divisions  of  National  Dairy  Products  Cor  potation 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  NINE 


SERVING  INDUSTRY 

. .  .which  serves  Mankind 


Every  hour  of  every  day, 
Industry  adds  to  the  total 
of  human  health,  wealth, 
comfort  and  happiness. 
Without  its  turning  wheels 
and  plumed  smokestacks, 
our  cities  would  be  ghost 
towns,  our  farmlands 


would  be  dust  bowls  and 
prairie  stretches.  Dedicating  itself  to  the  service 
of  Industry,  modern  chemistry  is  enlisted  un- 
der the  proud  banner  of  service  to  all  mankind. 

MONSANTO  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

Saint  Louis,  Missouri 


COMPLIMENTS 

oi 


A  CHRONICLE  OF  SERVICE  (ConUrompacre??) 

medical  services  and  medical  research  will  be  quickened  and  stim- 
ulated. Already  there  are  in  Palestine  outstanding  physicians  and 
scientists  to  whom  the  modern  equipment,  laboratories,  operating 
rooms,  etc.,  will  offer  the  required  facilities  for  work  and  progress. 

The  Hadassah  staff  reflects  in  miniature  the  course  of  events  in 
Europe,  and  the  place  of  Palestine  in  Jewish  life.  Men  and  women 
of  first  rank,  who  have  added  lustre  to  the  world's  roster  of  scien- 
tific names,  man  the  departments  of  the  hospital  and  the  Medical 
School.  From  America,  England  and  Australia,  from  Germany  and 
Austria,  from  Russia  and  Poland,  and  latterly  from  Italy,  have  come 
medical  men  and  scientists  who  bear  testimony  on  the  one  hand 
to  the  forces  of  destruction  in  Europe  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
undaunted  will  of  the  Jewish  people  to  recreate  their  home  in 
Palestine  and  to  continue  their  work  for  peace  and  the  alleviation 
of  human  suffering.  Men  and  women  like  these  justify  the  hope 
that  the  Medical  Center  on  Mount  Scopus  will  add  its  contribution 
to  the  ever-continuing  search  for  knowledge  and  cure. 

Hadassah  has  been  the  instrument  for  blazing  the  trail  of  med- 
ical progress  in  Palestine.  But  its  motto — "Aruchat  Bat  Ami"  (the 
healing  of  my  people) — symbolizes  both  the  physical  and  spiritual 
healing  of  the  Jewish  people.  Even  while  the  women  of  Hadassah 
were  straining  every  effort  to  expand  the  medical  services  and  to 
raise  them  to  a  high  standard  of  efficiency,  they  recognized  the 
vital  role  of  land  in  the  national  upbuilding.  Doctors  and  nurses 
are  needed  for  the  body — land  is  needed  for  the  healing  of  the 
Jewish  soul;  land  tilled  by  Jewish  labor,  drained  by  Jewish  workers, 
planted  by  Jewish  youth.  Hadassah  therefore  accepted  the  Jewish 
National  Fund  activity  as  an  integral  part  of  its  work.  In  1929  it 
undertook  the  responsibility  for  redeeming  Haifa  Bay  lands.  In 
1937  it  joined  the  drive  for  the  Hule  reclamation.  During  that  year 
it  collected  $105,000 — the  largest  sum  raised  in  one  year  by  any 
single  organization  for  land  purchase. 

Hadassah  might  have  looked  at  its  program  and  been  content, 
but  the  catastrophic  turn  of  world  affairs  in  the  past  few  years,  the 
uprooting  of  well-established  Jewish  communities,  the  mounting 
distress  and  need  for  help  galvanized  it  to  new  activity.  When  the 
anti-Semitic  program  spread  like  a  tidal  wave  over  Central  and 
Eastern  Europe,  Hadassah  knew  that  it  must  help  save  the  youth 
at  least.  In  1935  Hadassah  became  the  agency  in  America  for  the 
Youth  Aliyah,  which  transfers  children  between  the  ages  of  fifteen 
and  seventeen  from  Europe  to  Palestine,  where  for  two  years  they 
receive  a  general  education  and  intensified  training  in  agriculture 
or  crafts.  At  the  end  of  that  period  the  young  people  are  equipped 
to  earn  their  own  livelihood  as  farmers  or  artisans. 

Those  who  have  come  in  contact  with  these  young  people,  who 
have  watched  them  gradually  forget  the  misery  of  being  pariahs 
in  the  lands  of  their  birth,  who  have  seen  them  grow  strong  and 
joyful  as  they  train  to  take  their  place  in  the  upbuilding  of  Pales- 
tine, know  the  deep  satisfaction  that  comes  from  a  constructive 
endeavor  nobly  conceived  and  finely  executed. 

When  it  accepted  the  Youth  Aliyah  program,  Hadassah  modestly 
undertook  to  raise  $60,000  for  the  first  two  years.  During  the  first 
year  alone  it  raised  $100,000.  In  the  fall  of  1938  the  Hadassah  Con- 
vention, deeply  stirred  by  the  rising  distress  in  Central  and  Eastern 
Europe,  undertook  a  budget  of  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  The 
convention  had  hardly  adjourned  when  the  German  and  Austrian 
pogroms  occurred.  Within  three  months  the  total  year's  budget  was 
already  on  its  way  to  Palestine.  In  the  four  years  since  Youth 
Aliyah  was  organized  more  than  four  thousand  children  have  been 
transfered  to  Palestine.  About  a  thousand  have  already  estab- 
lished their  own  communal  settlements  on  Jewish  National  Fund 
land,  and  five  hundred  are  earning  their  living  as  artisans, 
teachers,  etc.;  the  rest  are  still  in  training. 

In  1938  the  Junior  Hadassah  undertook  to  act  as  the  junior  agency 
in  the  United  States  for  Youth  Aliyah.  Junior  Hadassah  already 
maintains  Meir  Shefeye,  a  children's  village  near  Haifa;  Pardess 
Anna,  a  citrus  farm  for  Meir  Shefeye  graduates;  the  Henrietta 
Szold  School  of  Nursing  in  Jerusalem  (jointly  with  the  Senior 
Hadassah);  and  participates  in  the  land-purchasing  program  of  the 
Jewish  National  Fund. 

Thus  today  Hadassah's  work  in  Palestine  has  four  main  facets — 
a  comprehensive  child  welfare  program,  youth  immigration,  hos- 
pitalization and  Jewish  National  Fund.  For  these  activities  Senior 
and  Junior  Hadassah  have  sent  $12,902,132  to  Palestine  during  the 
period  of  their  work.  $9,759,363  has  been  spent  for  hospitalization 
and  hospital  building,  $1,496,763  for  preventive  medical  work, 
$900,190  for  non-medical  work  and  $745,816  contributed  to  Jewish 
National  Fund  for  land  purchase  and  reforestation.  In  addition. 
Junior  Hadassah  has  provided  $399,969  for  Meir  Shefeye  and 
$25,387  for  Pardess  Anna. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TEN 


Jbgguf/K  SECRET  OF 
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ignition  experts,  one  specially  designed  to  de- 
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system — to  make  possible  a  smoother, 
steadier,  more  responsive  flow  of  power. 
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AUTO-LITE 


THE  SPIRIT  OF  THE  PAVILION  .  .  .  Maurice  Samuel 

{Continued  horn  page  43) 

of  issues.  Its  purpose  is  to  pave  the  way  for  physical  annihilation. 
It  operates  in  a  world  which  no  longer  knows  a  sharp  distinction 
between  war  and  peace,  a  world  in  which  the  transition  from  one 
to  the  other  has  been  blurred,  so  that  long  before  military  force  is 
employed  a  barrage  of  hatred  has  leveled  the  defenses  and  pre- 
pared the  victim. 

In  its  primitive  and  cruder  forms  this  technique  has  been  em- 
ployed against  the  Jews  for  countless  centuries.  In  its  modern 
form,  which  is  reinforced  by  so  many  ingenuities  that  it  has  be- 
come a  new  thing,  it  is  applied  with  a  peculiar  persistence,  with 
a  unique  and  ubiquitous  fury,  against  the  lews.  To  have  stood  up 
for  so  long  against  the  older,  less  efficient  assaults  on  Jewish  self- 
respect  was  a  marvel  of  endurance;  to  withstand  the  effects  of  the 
modern  monster  is  to  display  all  that  is  miraculous  in  the  spirit 
of  man. 

This  Pavilion  is  not  merely  an  exposition  of  farms,  cities,  schools, 
colonies,  hospitals  and  factories.  It  is  not  just  the  plastic  repre- 
sentation of  a  people's  ingenuity  and  industriousness.  It  is,  viewed 
in  perspective,  an  astounding  moral  utterance:  It  is  the  refusal  of 
a  people  to  be  driven  into  bitterness,  panic  and  despair.  Behind 
achievements  which  might  be  commonplace  elsewhere  there 
looms,  in  this  instance,  an  unbreakable  will  to  remain  normal, 
wholesome  and  self-respecting;  and  this  in  the  face  of  a  con- 
spiracy which  has  almost  become  a  mania  with  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  human  species. 

From  such  a  spectacle  men  may  draw  a  lesson  which  goes 
deeper  than  a  tribute  to  the  Jews;  it  is  an  appeal  to  the  best 
that  is  in  the  spectator — and,  rightly  understood,  it  should  mean 
as  much  for  him  as  for  us. 


OWN  A  ROYAL  AND 

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an  exclusive  new  improvement  eliminates  the  setting  oi 
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the  rest  automatically.  This  and  many  other  Features 
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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  ELEVEN 


THE  CIGAR  OF  TOMORROW 

In  its  sweep  of  the  globe  the  cigarMIc — a  small  cigar  wiih  a  cut 
head — has  now  reached  the  New  World.  The  development  of 
machines  for  manufacturing  cigarillos  has  been  done  almost 
entirely  by  Arenco  engineers.  We  are  proud  of  our  line  of 
Arenco  Ci^arillo  Machines  and  shall  be  glad  to  take  care  of 
any  inquiries. 


A  K  E N C 0    M ACH1N E  COMPANY 


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Phone  VAnderbilt  3-7313 


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CHICAGO  •  SAN  FRANCISCO  •  BOSTON 


PALESTINE  ECONOMIC  CORPORATION 

(Continued  from  page  83) 
$3,600,000,  and  the  Corporation  has  about  1,400  shareholders  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  United  States.  The  object  of  the  Corpora- 
tion was  defined  in  1925  as  follows: 

"The  Corporation  has  been  formed  to  afford  an  instrument 
through  which  American  Jews  and  others  who  may  be  interested 
may  give  material  aid  on  a  strictly  business  basis  to  productive 
Palestinian  enterprises  and  thereby  further  the  economic  develop- 
ment of  the  Holy  Land  and  the  resettlement  there  of  an  increasing 
number  of  Jews." 

To  this  object  the  Corporation  has  devoted  its  efforts  and  its 
funds  during  the  thirteen  years  of  its  existence.  It  has  emphasized 
constructive  and  productive  activities,  subordinating  the  making 
of  profits.  For  it  was  clear  from  the  outset  that  Palestine  needed 
not  only  the  pioneering  spirit  of  men,  but  also  pioneering  capital. 

Generally  speaking,  the  activities  of  the  Corporation  may  be 
divided  into  two  broad  categories:  First,  aiding  the  establishment 
of  basic  industries  through  capital  investment;  and,  secondly,  aid- 
ing men  of  small  means — farmers,  workers,  artisans  and  small 
manufacturers — to  achieve  independence  through  the  extension  of 
credit  on  reasonable  terms.  The  Corporation  has  invested  about 
20  per  cent  of  its  capital  resources  in  basic  industries  and  80  per 
cent  in  its  credit,  water  and  land  development  activities. 

Among  the  pioneer  investments  made  in  this  field  is  that  of 
the  old  Palestine  Cooperative  Company  in  Palestine  Potash,  Ltd., 
into  which  the  Company  put  $50,000  at  a  time  when  the  process  of 
extracting  the  salts  of  the  Dead  Sea  was  still  in  the  laboratory 
stage.  The  Palestine  Economic  Corporation  increased  its  invest- 
ment in  this  company,  so  that  today  it  is  the  largest  single  stock- 
holder in  Palestine  Potash. 

Other  such  investments  include  one  of  $120,000  in  Palestine 
Hotels,  Ltd.,  the  company  which  built  and  operates  the  King  David 
Hotel  in  Jerusalem;  a  substantial  number  of  shares  in  the  Palestine 
Electric  Corporation;  and  an  investment  of  $125,000  in  the  Agri- 
cultural Mortgage  Company  of  Palestine,  which  makes  long-term 
mortgage  loans  to  Jewish  and  Arab  farmers. 

In  the  extension  of  its  credit  and  other  work  the  Corporation 
functions  solely  through  subsidiary  companies.  These  are  the 
Central  Bank  of  Cooperative  Institutions  in  Palestine,  the  Palestine 
Mortgage  and  Credit  Bank,  the  Bayside  Land  Corporation,  the 
Palestine  Water  Company  and  the  Loan  Bank. 

The  Central  Bank  makes  loans  only  to  cooperative  societies, 
which  in  turn  re-loan  the  money  to  their  members.  Since  its  or- 
ganization in  1922  the  Bank  has  granted  loans  in  excess  of 
$17,000,000,  and  its  total  losses  have  been  less  than  one-quarter  of 
one  per  cent  of  the  loans  issued — a  record  that  is  a  tribute  not 
alone  to  the  management  of  the  Bank,  but  to  the  borrowers  as 
well.  With  the  granting  of  loans  the  Bank  carries  on  a  continuous 
educational  program  for  the  best  cooperative  standards  and  pro- 
cedure. 

Noteworthy  contributions  toward  the  solution  of  the  many  diffi- 
cult problems  of  the  citrus  industry  were  made  by  the  Central 
Bank.  It  was  the  first  to  grant  loans  for  constructing  central  pack- 
ing houses  equipped  with  modern  machinery.  It  led  in  setting 
standards  for  the  seasonal  financing  of  the  orange  crop.  For  many 
years,  in  season  and  out,  it  advocated  centralized  marketing,  and 
it  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  first  concrete  step  in  this  direction 
was  taken  in  the  summer  of  1938. 

The  Central  Bank  operates  primarily  in  the  agricultural  field.  It 
grants  the  cooperatives  one-year  loans  for  operating  capital,  for 
advances  on  crops  and  for  the  purchase  of  seeds,  fertilizer  and 
fodder.  Longer-term  loans,  repayable  in  three  to  eight  years,  are 
granted  for  the  purchase  of  agricultural  machinery  and  livestock, 
the  installation  of  irrigation  systems,  the  development  of  orange 
groves,  farms  and  farm  buildings.  Loans  on  special  terms  are 
made  to  German  refugees,  to  help  them  become  independent. 

An  outstanding  achievement  is  that  of  the  Palestine  Mortgage 
and  Credit  Bank  in  providing  housing  for  rural  and  urban  workers. 
Functioning  since  1922,  before  mortgage  legislation  was  enacted, 
it  insisted  from  the  outset  on  the  proper  planning  and  construction 
of  houses  and  on  keeping  the  cost  of  each  house  within  the  finan- 
cial means  of  the  owner;  to  reduce  costs,  standardized  houses  were 
built  in  groups  of  twenty-five  or  more.  The  Bank  supervises  all 
phases  of  the  housing  program,  and  aids  the  home-owners  to 
organize  such  communal  services  as  schooling  and  water  supply. 

Typical  of  the  agricultural  settlements  established  by  the  Mort- 
gage Bank  is  Kfar  Brandeis,  founded  in  1927  with  funds  provided 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWELVE 


by  Mr.  Justice  Brandeis.  Each  of  the  forty  families  in  this  colony 
received  about  half  an  acre  of  land,  a  house,  farm  buildings,  an 
irrigation  system  for  a  kitchen  garden,  a  cow  and  chickens;  and 
an  additional  two  and  a  half  acres  were  held  in  reserve  for  each 
family  by  the  Jewish  National  Fund,  for  an  orange  grove.  The 
settler  worked  in  the  neighboring  village  of  Hedera,  and  with  the 
help  of  his  family  took  care  of  his  little  farm  and  began  planting 
his  reserve  land  with  citrus  fruit. 

In  all,  the  Bank  has  built  and  extended  mortgage  loans  for  over 
1,200  houses  and  apartments,  the  majority  of  them  in  rural  dis- 
tricts, and  built  primarily  for  workers  of  the  lower  economic  strata. 
Repayment  of  the  loans  is  so  arranged  that  the  monthlv  install- 
ments are  less  than  rental  for  much  inferior  housing.  The  prin- 
ciples and  methods  used  by  the  Bank  have  strongly  influenced  the 
housing  programs  of  other  institutions  which  grant  mortgage  loans 
for  workers'  houses. 

In  1928  the  Palestine  Economic  Corporation  purchased,  with  the 
Jewish  National  Fund,  a  stretch  of  land  lying  between  Haifa  and 
Acre.  The  land  was  swampy  and  malarial,  but  after  drainage 
and  amelioration  over  30,000  dunams  became  available  for  settle- 
ment. A  wholly  owned  subsidiary,  the  Bayside  Land  Corporation, 
was  organized  to  hold  title  to  the  land  purchased  by  the  Corpora- 
tion and  to  develop  it  along  modern  town-planning  lines. 

The  most  important  new  work  that  the  Palestine  Economic  Cor- 
poration has  undertaken  in  the  last  eight  years  is  in  the  water 
field.  This  activity  is  carried  on  by  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary 
called  the  Palestine  Water  Company.  Here  pioneering  work  of 
great  significance  has  been  carried  on  toward  the  solution  of  the 
water  problem  of  Palestine.  Four  American  drilling  machines  were 
exported  to  Palestine,  American  drilling  methods  introduced  and 
American  experts  sent  to  supervise  the  work;  new  and  rich  sources 
of  underground  water  were  discovered. 

The  Water  Company  aims  to  reduce  the  cost  of  water  for  irri- 
gation by  establishing  central  regional  systems,  thus  making  it 
unnecessary  for  the  farmers  to  invest  in  small  individual  plants. 
The  Company  operates  water  systems  in  the  Haifa  Bay  industrial 
zone,  in  the  Karkur  district  and  in  the  Sharon  Plain.  It  provided 
the  water  installations  in  the  agricultural  workers'  settlements 
established  by  the  Mortgage  Company,  drills  wells  for  various 
colonization  institutions  and  has  contracted  to  drill  wells  for  the 
Government. 

The  story  of  the  Palestine  Economic  Corporation  would  not  be  com- 
plete without  mention  of  the  Loan  Bank,  now  in  process  of  liquida- 
tion. This  subsidiary,  originally  created  as  a  philanthropy  by  the 
Joint  Distribution  Committee,  was  reorganized  in  1924  to  function 
as  a  business  institution,  and  about  $400,000  in  loans  receivable 
were  salvaged.  The  Bank  was  administered  by  the  staff  of  the 
Palestine  Economic  Corporation,  and  was  taken  over  as  a  wholly 
owned  subsidiary  in  1932. 

Small  loans  repayable  in  one  year,  and  averaging  $75,  were 
issued  to  workers,  artisans,  shopkeepers,  teachers  and  clerks — 
borrowers  who  could  not  get  credit  from  commercial  banks.  Over 
25,000  borrowers  thus  passed  through  the  Loan  Bank,  and  more 
than  $5,000,000  in  loans  were  issued  and  repaid.  Not  only  did  the 
Bank  help  these  families  to  become  financially  independent,  but 
the  proper  relationship  between  borrower  and  lender  was  slowly 
built  up.  To  many  of  the  poorer  borrowers  it  was  a  new  experi- 
ence to  borrow  money  and  repay  punctually. 

Other  pioneering  activities  of  the  Loan  Bank  were  the  granting 
of  three  to  five  year  credits  to  rural  workers  for  developing  a 
household  farmyard,  and  to  small  manufacturers  for  the  purchase 
of  machinery  and  tools  and  for  the  extension  of  factory  buildings 
and  sound  expansion  of  business.  As  savings  banks  of  the  kind 
familiar  in  America  do  not  exist  in  Palestine,  the  Loan  Bank 
operated  a  savings  department  for  the  periodic  small  savings  of 
workers,  and  carried  on  an  educational  thrift  program. 

Through  its  subsidiary  companies  the  Corporation  has  issued 
loans  aggregating  $25,000,000.  It  has  functioned  and  is  functioning 
in  the  more  important  economic  fields  of  agriculture,  industry, 
housing,  town-planning,  water  supply  and  land  development.  It 
has  been  primarily  concerned  with  the  man  of  small  means,  and 
in  helping  him  create  a  higher  standard  of  life  for  himself.  It 
has  made  available  the  experience  and  the  latest  technical 
advances  of  more  highly  developed  countries  by  sending  Amer- 
ican and  European  experts  to  Palestine.  As  in  the  past,  the 
Palestine  Economic  Corporation  will  continue  to  further  the  eco- 
nomic upbuilding  of  Palestine,  so  that  an  increasing  number  of 
lews  may  be  enabled  to  settle  in  the  Holy  Land. 


Words  were  not  intended  to  portray 
so  elusive  a  thing  as  the  bouquet  of 
a  Great  Bourbon.  Final  understand- 
ing of  KENTUCKY  TAVERN'S 
qualities  has  come  to  most  men  after 
a  restless  sampling  of  other  brands 
.  .  .  These  men  have  learned  their 
lesson  well  .  .  .  and  for  them  this  is 
the  undisputed  choice  of 
Kentucky  Whiskies. 

GLENMORE  DISTILLERIES  CO. 


IN(  OHI'Oll  VTK.I) 


KENTUCKY 

«««<<««<«<«<<«<<«<«« 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTEEN 


A  FAMILY  THAI)  IT  ION 

With  pride  a  family  hands  down  through  the  years  its 
priceless  silver.  . .  with  equal  pride  another  family  passes 
down,  from  father  to  son,  the  craftsmanship  by  which 
that  silver  was  created.  Both  traditions  come  from  re- 
spect for  a  tiny  mark  .  .  .  [l][S] .  .  .  which  means  Interna- 
tional Silver  ...  as  perfect  as  human  hands  can  make. 

I  \  1 1  it  \  \  1 1  u  \  \  I  S 1 1  V  Eli  CO.,  Meriden,  Conn. 


Anchor  Hocking 

Service  to  American  Industries 


GLASS  CONTAINERS 

for  packers  and  food 
manufacturers 


CLOSURES 

metal  and  molded 
for  glass  containers 


BOTTLES  AND  JARS 

for  drugs  and  allied 
products 


GLASS  SPECIALTIES    WINE  AND  LIQUOR  GLASSWARE 

for  use  as  bottles  for  hotels,  bars  and 

premiums  restaurants 


STEMWARE         BEER  AND  BEVERAGE  TABLEWARE 

and  cut  bottles  for  department  stores 

glassware  and  other  retail  outlets 


A 


NCHDR  HOCKING  GLASS  CDRPDRATIDN 

LANCASTER,  OHIO 
RANCHES      IN      ALL      PRINCIPAL  CITIES 


The  Best  in  Boston— 

You'll  find  the  best  of  Boston  at 
the  Copley-Plaza.  Situated  in 
historic  Copley  Square,  prob- 
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Copley-Plaza  has  for  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  symbol- 
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Spacious,  luxurious  rooms 
from  $4.00 

Illustrated  tolder  on  request 

The    COPLEY-PLAZA,  Boston 

Arthur  L.  Race,  Managing  Director 


MADE  IN  PALESTINE     (Confirmed  horn  page  85) 
tory  of  the  collective  settlement  of  Givaat  Brenner,  reviving  the 
manufacture  of  olive  wood  objects.  The  pulse  of  the  industrial  life 
is  in  the  suburbs  surrounding  Tel  Aviv  and  in  the  Haifa  Bay  lands. 
But  the  arteries  stretch  almost  from  Dan  to  Beersheba. 

In  Rishon  le-Zion  a  new  white  building  stands  alongside  the 
picturesque,  crumbling  wine  cellars  which  have  become  a  land- 
mark. The  new  building  is  the  beer  factory,  developed  in  1936, 
and  one  of  the  most  modern  in  the  world.  Last  year  two  million 
liters  of  beer  were  produced  in  Palestine  and  imports  were  cut 
down  from  2,588,357  liters  in  1935  to  1,153,610  in  1937. 

A  few  hours  spent  in  Haifa's  industrial  belt  are  an  invigorating 
experience.  In  Palestine's  first  cotton-spinning  mill,  established  by 
Czechoslovakians,  which  in  1937  exported  306,397  kilos  of  cotton 
yarn,  the  machinery  is  the  last  word — no  more  modern  factory 
could  be  found  in  America.  From  this  mill,  one  is  whisked  to  a 
mirror  factory.  Then  to  a  ceramics  factory,  established  by  German 
immigrants,  who  are  doing  a  fine  job  in  combining  ancient  East- 
ern colors  and  motifs  with  modern  design.  Then  to  a  foundry  where 
workmen  are  framed  in  the  open  door  of  the  ovens  which  bake 
bathtubs.  Then  to  the  Hillel  Remedy  Factory,  Limited,  one  of  five 
pharmaceutical  factories.  Most  of  the  products  are  only  prepared 
in  Palestine,  the  ingredients  being  imported.  But  the  number  of 
products  made  from  local  raw  materials  is  constantly  increasing. 

In  the  suburbs  of  Tel  Aviv  one  again  experiences  this  vibration 
of  industrial  life.  There  is  the  Elite  Chocolate  factory.  And,  nearby, 
the  Meshi  silk  mills,  which  this  year  have  begun  making  pat- 
terned goods — a  finishing  process  formerly  done  in  America. 
There  is  the  Bloom  artificial  tooth  factory,  which  exported  $172,145 
worth  of  products  in  1937.  There  are  the  razor  blade  factory  and 
the  Lodzia  hosiery  factory,  employing  300  workers. 

Most  important  in  the  chemical  industry  is  the  Palestine  Potash 
Company,  which  has  expanded  its  production  since  the  develop- 
ment of  the  new  extension  to  the  South  of  the  Dead  Sea.  How 
the  trucks  of  this  company  navigated  the  hazardous  road  from  the 
Dead  Sea  to  Jerusalem  during  the  disturbances  forms  a  most  heroic 
chapter  in  the  history  of  Palestinian  industry.  In  1937,  29,721  tons 
of  potash  and  bromine  were  exported. 

Another  thrilling  chapter  will  be  the  expanding  metal  industry. 
At  present  there  are  manufactured  in  Palestine  pumps  together 
with  the  necessary  installation  accessories  such  as  valves,  con- 
nection boxes,  fittings,  brick  presses,  machinery  for  fruit  factories, 
armatures,  mounts,  aluminum  ware,  etc.  All  this  was  gradually 
evolved  from  small  workshops  for  repairs  and  installations. 

One  cannot  adequately  cover  the  story  of  Palestine's  industrial 
development  in  brief.  Each  branch  of  industry — in  fact  each  fac- 
tory— is  a  story  in  itself.  The  leather  industry,  which  started  with 
shoes  and  now  makes  luxury  handbags,  is  a  page.  The  textile 
industry,  which  by  this  year  (with  the  marketing  of  woolens) 
produces  every  type  of  textile,  is  another  page.  And  the  building 
of  motor  boats  of  100  tons,  which  have  proved  more  satisfactory 
than  those  built  in  neighboring  countries,  is  another  page. 

But  more  significant  than  the  factories  or  their  products  are  the 
workers  who  man  them.  A  tradition  for  Jewish  manual  workers  has 
begun  to  be  established.  The  bewildered  teacher  or  shop-keeper 
who  became  a  carpenter  or  a  brick-layer  has  an  immense  pride  in 
his  trade.  Wheels  whirring  busily,  with  husky  Jewish  workers  re- 
volving them — this  is  the  picture  Palestine  industry  presents  today. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  FOURTEEN 


AT  THE  FAMOUS 

MAYFLOWER 

DONUT  RESTAURANTS 


Refresh  yourself  at  the  two  famous  Mayflower  Donut 
Restaurants — "The  Palace,"  in  the  Amusement  Area, 
near  the  Parachute  Jump  .  .  .  "The  Casino"  in  the 
Science  &  Education  Bldg.  The  same  quality  food,  the 
same  low  prices  (dinner — 45c  to  75c)  as  in  our  two 
Mayflower  Donut  Restaurants  on  Broadway  and  in  key 
cities  throughout  the  nation!  Special  luncheon  rates 
for  social  organizations.  Service  at  all  hours! 


MAYFLOWER  DOUGHNUT  CORP.,  1170  Broadway,  N.Y.C. 


LEADERSHIP 


Because  Revlon  Cream  Nail  Enamel  shades  are 
always  fashion-right  .  .  . 

Because  Revlon  Cream  Nail  Enamel  wears  longer  .  .  . 

Because  Revlon  Cream  Nail  Enamel  has  a  soft,  creamy 
texture  which  makes  it  kind  to  the  nails  .  .  . 

Revlon  is  by  long  odds  the  best  selling  nail  enamel  in 
leading  department  stores  everywhere  and  is  now  used 
in  more  quality  beauty  salons  throughout  the  United 
States  and  Canada  than  any  other  brand  of  nail  enamel! 


PltMl/  cream  yiim^mam^ 


ITS  LABEL  STILL  CARRIES  THE 
SIXTY-NINE  YEAR  OLD  ASSURANCE 

"THERE  IS  NOTHING  BETTER 
IN  THE  MARKET" 

•  Yes,  you'll  agree  that  Old  Forester's  superb  taste 
justifies  the  original,  hand-written  message  on  the 
label. 

Why  not  enjoy  this  supreme  Kentucky  excellence 
in  whisky  that  for  almost  seven  decades  has  been 
recognized  everywhere  as  among  the  finest? 
Try  Old  Forester — today — for  a  new,  supremely 
satisfying  experience  in  whisky  enjoyment.  You, 
too,  will  say,  "nothing  better"  at  any  price! 

KENTUCKY  STRAIGHT  BOURBON  WHISKY 
BOTTLED  IN  BOND 

Under  U.  S.  Government  Supervision  —  100  Proof 

BROWN-FORMAN  DISTILLERY  CO.  INCORPORATED 


At  Louisville 


In  Kentucky 


Since  1870 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  FIFTEEN 


Minus  of  tin;  future 


hatever  foods  America  may  eat  in 
the  World  of  Tomorrow,  it  is  certain 
that  Gristede  will  carry  them.  Gristede's 
is  constantly  on  the  alert  for  new  dis- 
coveries in  the  realm  of  fine  foods  — 
and  you  will  usually  find  new  foods 
first  at  Gristede's.  This  is  just  one  of 
many  ways  in  which  we  serve  our  cus- 
tomers .  .  .  just  one  of  many  reasons 
why  women  like  to  shop  at  Gristede's. 


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Hall  of  Pharmacy 
k  Building 


THE  CHILDREN'S  CRUSADE 

(Continued  from  page  88) 

awaited  them  in  Palestine,  it  would  be  better  than  the  degra 
tion  which  they  were  leaving  behind.  The  idea  of  salvaging  you 
made  its  appeal.  The  funds  were  forthcoming.  Even  Eddie  Cant 
devoted  his  magnificent  clowning  to  the  cause  and  raised  larg 
sums  of  money. 

So  the  far-fetched  dream  became  a  reality,  and  today  the 
German  youth  who  arrived  four  years  ago  are  not  to  be  distin- 
guished from  native-born  Palestinians.  A  few  are  to  be  found  in 
almost  every  agricultural  settlement  in  the  land,  and  when  you 
arrive  in  the  Tel  Aviv  port  there  will  always  be  a  couple  of  one- 
time German  youths  among  the  husky  port  workers  who  guide 
your  lighter  to  shore  and  carry  your  luggage  to  the  customs  house. 
But  they  are  burned  so  black  by  the  sun,  and  speak  Hebrew  so 
fluently,  that  you  will  not  know  where  they  came  from  unless  you 
inquire. 

The  transportation  of  the  youth  took  place  as  follows.  Groups 
of  forty  or  fifty  were  organized  in  Germany  and  prepared  in  so  far 
as  possible  for  life  in  Palestine.  Upon  arrival  in  the  country  they 
were  distributed  among  the  various  settlements.  A  large  number 
were  placed  in  the  collective  groups.  Some  were  placed  in  the 
moshavim  (individual  holders'  settlements),  such  as  Nahalal,  Kfar 
Yehoshuah  and  Kfar  Yehezkiel.  Those  coming  from  Orthodox  homes 
were  sent  to  observant  colonies  such  as  S'deh  Jacob  and  Rodges. 

In  these  settlements  they  were  given  an  intensive  two-year 
training  course,  under  the  surveillance  of  the  Youth  Aliyah  Bureau 
in  Jerusalem.  During  the  first  year  they  studied  four  hours  a  day 
under  the  supervision  of  special  teachers.  They  continued  their 
general  education,  supplemented  by  courses  in  the  history  and 
geography  of  Palestine  and  in  the  Hebrew  language.  The  other 
four  hours  of  their  working  day  were  devoted  to  physical  labor. 
They  began  their  "kindergarten"  course  in  all  branches  of  farm- 
ing; the  stables,  chicken  runs,  grain  fields,  fruit  orchards,  orange 
groves,  vegetable  gardens,  tree  nurseries,  bee  hives.  During  the 
second  year,  having  sampled  the  various  branches,  they  were  in  a 
position  to  choose  one  and  to  specialize. 

Needless  to  say,  the  problems  of  adjustment  were  numerous. 
At  the  difficult  age  of  adolescence,  the  youth  suddenly  found 
themselves  in  a  strange  land,  forced  to  learn  a  strange  tongue, 
and  among  strangers.  Many  of  them  still  suffered  from  nervous 
shock  because  of  the  bitter  experiences  they  had  gone  through  in 
Germany  and  Austria.  There  were  instances  of  children  being 
afraid  to  talk  above  a  whisper  when  they  arrived,  for  fear  of  storm 
troopers.  Others  continually  glanced  at  the  windows  during  gen- 
eral meetings,  fearing  a  police  raid.  Even  adjusting  themselves 
to  freedom  was  difficult.  Some  had  been  traveling  about  from 
country  to  country  for  several  years,  so  that  it  was  hard  to  get 
them  back  to  the  harness  of  studies.  Recent  arrivals  from  Austria 
and  Poland  were  literally  hungry  for  bread.  In  the  moshavim  they 
had  to  adjust  themselves  to  living  with  a  family.  And  in  the  col- 
lective settlements  they  had  to  adjust  themselves  to  living  in  a 
family  of  from  100  to  800  members.  Collective  living  was  a  com- 
pletely new  experience. 

But  they  came  through  with  flying  colors.  There  was  an  element 
of  adventure  and  challenge  which  fired  their  imaginations.  To  help 
build  a  country  is  a  privilege  which  most  children  in  their  early 
teens  only  read  about  in  novels.  About  eighteen  months  after  the 
arrival  of  the  first-comers,  the  Arab  uprising  began.  Some  of  the 
settlements  were  almost  nightly  under  fire.  This  too  was  some- 
thing new  for  these  youths.  But  three  years  of  tension  and  loss  of 
life  have  only  served  to  bind  the  youth  more  closely  to  the  land. 
Their  only  sorrow  is  that  the  Bureau  in  Jerusalem  forbids  them  to 
participate  in  defense  activities  during  the  two-year  training 
course.  When  they  have  been  in  the  country  a  few  months  they 
are  already  clamoring  to  take  their  place  on  watch. 

In  order  to  understand  the  transformation  which  takes  place, 
one  should  meet  them  when  they  arrive  at  the  harbor  of  Haifa  or 
the  port  of  Tel  Aviv,  and  then  see  the  same  group  six  months 
later  in  their  settlement.  When  they  arrive  the  customs  house  looks 
like  a  comer  of  Berlin  or  Vienna.  The  air  is  filled  with  German 
chatter.    The  clothes,   the  manners,  the  very  atmosphere  which 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  SIXTEEN 


The  World's  Finest  Silverplate 


surrounds  them  is  strange  to  this  country.  Within  six  months  you 
can  hardly  recognize  them.  They  have  become  a  consolidated 
group.  They  are  rosy-cheeked  from  an  abundance  of  fresh  air, 
and  browned  from  the  sun.  Now  the  chatter  is  in  Hebrew. 

Although  the  "family"  has  increased  to  three  thousand  and  con- 
tinues to  grow  as  quickly  as  certificates  are  granted,  the  connec- 
tion between  Berlin,  Jerusalem  and  the  youth  is  as  close  as  when 
there  were  fifty  in  the  country.  Each  of  the  three  thousand  is 
treated  as  an  individual  in  the  Youth  Aliyah  Bureau  in  Jerusalem. 
Their  illnesses,  progress,  problems  are  all  recorded.  This  informa- 
tion is  available  in  the  European  headquarters,  so  that  parents  can 
keep  in  close  touch  with  their  children. 

At  the  end  of  the  two-year  training  course  the  group  is  allowed 
to  decide  upon  its  future  course.  It  is  significant  that  the  majority 
of  them  have  become  so  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  pioneering  that 
they  desire  to  secure  land  on  which  to  establish  settlements  of 
their  own.  Establishing  agricultural  settlements  in  Palestine,  where 
the  neglected  soil  fluctuates  between  sand  and  rocks,  is  a  back- 
breaking  undertaking,  even  for  grown-ups.  In  view  of  the  Arab 
disturbances,  it  is  hazardous  as  well.  And  yet,  knowing  full  well 
what  lies  before  them,  these  young  people  beg  for  the  chance  to 
meet  the  challenge. 

The  first  settlement  was  started  by  the  group  which  graduated 
from  Ein  Harod,  and  is  known  as  "Alonim."  It  has  now  grown  to 
a  membership  of  several  hundred,  and  the  youngsters  who  came 
to  Ein  Harod  four  years  ago  are  farmers  in  their  own  right,  work- 
ing their  own  fields.  Other  groups  started  by  Youth  Aliyah  grad- 
uates are  scattered  throughout  the  country,  some  in  conspicuously 
dangerous  spots.  A  large  group  is  living  on  the  shore  of  the  Hule, 
where  they  engage  in  fishing,  an  industry  which  until  lately  was 
in  the  hands  of  the  Arabs  and  done  in  a  most  primitive  manner. 

The  Youth  Aliyah  has  been  an  unqualified  success.  In  the  melt- 
ing pot  which  is  modern  Palestine  it  has  proved  to  be  unalloyed 
gold. 


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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  SEVENTEEN 


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SCIENTIST-BUILDERS  OF  PALESTINE 

{Continued  Irom  page  93) 

are  equipped  with  the  best  modern  instruments  and  apparatus, 
falls  under  three  main  heads: 

(1)  Agricultural  chemistry. 

(2)  Technical  bacteriology. 

(3)  Synthetic  and  Pharmaceutical  Chemistry. 

The  progress  of  the  work  is  thus  described  in  an  official  statement: 
"Under  the  first  head,  the  investigations  dealing  with  the  use  of 
citrus  fruit  and  its  waste  products — the  most  important  of  Pales- 
tine's raw  materials — have  already  reached  an  advanced  stage, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  they  may  shortly  provide  a  basis  for  the 
establishment  of  a  chemical  industry  which  will  contribute  sub- 
stantially toward  the  solution  of  the  citrus  marketing  problem. 
Further  raw  materials,  such  as  petrol  (by  the  projected  erection 
of  an  oil  refinery  at  Haifa)  and  coal  tar  (by  the  proposed  con- 
struction of  a  coal  gas  plant  in  Tel  Aviv),  which  are  the  basis  of 
many  industries,  will  be  available  in  Palestine  in  the  near  future. 
Coal  tar,  for  instance,  is  the  classic  starting  point  for  synthetic 
dyes,  pharmaceutical  products,  etc.  The  utilization  of  these  mate- 
rials offers  many  problems  for  industrial  research,  and  this  will 
have  an  important  bearing  on  the  future  industrial  development 
of  the  country  as  a  whole,  and  in  particular  of  the  Jewish  National 
Home." 

This  quotation  only  gives  a  general  idea  of  the  range  of  pos- 
sibilities which  the  scientific  exploitation  of  the  country  opens  up. 
Twenty  years  ago  small  quantities  of  oranges  were  produced  in 
Palestine,  which  scarcely  counted  among  the  citrus-exporting 
countries  of  the  world.  Today  the  Jaffa  orange,  of  which  more 
than  ten  million  boxes  are  exported  annually,  is  a  regular  article 
of  diet  in  many  countries.  But  the  cultivation  and  exporting  of 
citrus  is  only  the  beginning  of  an  industry.  The  utilization  of 
what  has  until  now  been  regarded  as  the  waste  products  of  fruit 
juices  is  a  task  which  has  been  taken  up  by  the  Sieff  Institute. 
Problems  of  concentration  of  orange  and  other  fruit  juices,  the 
extracting  of  vinegar,  the  manufacture  of  pectin — useful  in  the 
making  of  jam,  the  carrying  on  of  certain  processes  in  the  textile 
industry,  and  valuable  generally  for  pharmaceutical  purposes — 
are  being  solved.  Other  valuable  products  obtainable  from  citrus 
peel  include  essential  oils  (already  being  manufactured  in  several 
Palestine  factories),  and  sugar,  which  can  be  utilized  by  fermen- 
tation processes,  e.g.,  for  the  production  of  acetone  and  butyl 
alcohol. 

In  developing  the  agricultural  possibilities  of  Palestine  the  Jews 
have  shown  that  where  a  population  of  half  a  million  lived  in 
poverty  thirty  years  ago,  three  times  that  number  can  be  com- 
fortably supported  today  and  six  times  the  number  can  be  sup- 
ported tomorrow.  This  has  meant  not  only  that  the  fullest  pos- 
sible use  should  be  made  of  existing  products,  but  also  that  new 
crops  and  varieties  should  be  introduced.  Working  in  collaboration 
with  the  Agricultural  Experimental  Station,  the  Sieff  Institute  is  con- 
stantly seeking  new  species  of  plants,  especially  such  as  produce 
oils  or  pharmaceutical  substances,  thus  rendering  possible  more 
effective  exploitation  of  the  areas  of  land  available. 

In  the  field  of  technical  bacteriology  it  suffices  to  mention  only 
one  line  of  research  to  indicate  the  possibilities  being  investigated 
by  the  Institute.  Nearly  two  million  gallons  of  milk  are  converted 
annually  in  Jewish  colonies  into  butter  and  cheese.  The  fluid  re- 
maining after  the  processes  has  been  considered  a  waste  product. 
The  Sieff  Institute  hopes  to  utilize  the  high  sugar  content  of  the 
fluid  for  the  production  of  a  valuable  chicken  food  and  of  acetone 
and  butyl  alcohol. 

The  scientific  development  of  a  country  takes  into  account  both 
the  natural  resources  and  the  absence  of  natural  resources,  and 
plans  the  future  accordingly.  Palestine,  for  instance,  has  no  gen- 
eral mineral  resources,  and  thus  no  raw  material  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  great  chemical  industry.  But  this  does  not  mean  at  all 
that  there  is  no  basis  for  such  an  industry.  That  basis  exists  in 
the  fact  that  there  are  skilllul  chemists!  A  pharmaceutical  indus- 
try can  be  developed,  but  its  operation  must  be  such  that  the 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  EIGHTEEN 


Guaranteed 
Kosher  and  "Parve" 

All  Sunshine  Kosher 
crackers  and  cookies 
are  baked  under  the 
supervision  of 
a  Rabbi 


Baked  in  the  Kosher  Divi- 
sion   of    The  Thousand 
Window  Bakery  of  Loose- 
Wiles  Biscuit  Co. 


GUIDE  Itf'S 
MUSTARD 

The  American  Standard 
tor  75  years 


most  important  element  is  the  training  and  skill  of  the  chemists. 
This  is  definitely  feasible  in  the  case  of  expensive  commodities 
which  derive  their  costliness  from  the  process  rather  than  the  raw 
product,  and  which  would  therefore  render  adequate  returns  for 
the  purchase  and  transportation  of  the  raw  material.  Thus,  for 
instance,  the  Sieff  Institute,  in  collaboration  with  Professor  Saul 
Adler  of  the  Hebrew  University,  is  conducting  an  investigation 
into  the  production  of  certain  preparations  for  the  treatment  of 
cattle-diseases  prevalent  in  Palestine.  Another  prospect  is  opened 
up  by  the  possibility  of  substituting  for  sex  hormones  certain 
synthetic  substances  with  similar  physiological  properties. 

This  brief  note  on  the  Daniel  Sieff  Research  Institute  does  not 
pretend  to  be  a  scientific  report.  Its  purpose  is  to  add  another 
detail  to  the  picture  of  the  Jewish  homeland-in-the-making,  one 
which  helps  to  explain  how  Palestine  has  grown  and  is  still  grow- 
ing as  the  greatest  single  factor  in  the  solution  of  the  Jewish 
problem.  What  the  future  holds  in  store  for  the  scientists  of  Pales- 
tine no  one  can  foretell;  but  already  their  contribution  has  taken 
on  two  complementary  forms.  They  have  enlarged  Palestine  by 
disclosing  resources  hitherto  unsuspected,  and  they  have  added 
to  the  feeling  of  confidence  and  self-reliance  of  the  Jewish  people. 


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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  NINETEEN 


AMERICAN  MUSEUM  and  LONGINES-WITTNAUER 
of  NATUR 


COLLABORATE  TO  CREATE  THE  SPECTACLE  "TIME  AND  SPACE" 
A  FEATURE  OF  THE  "NEW  YORK  WORLD'S  FAIR  1939" 


Popularizing  knowledge  of  time  and 
space  problems  has  long  been  a  func- 
tion of  the  Astronomy  Department 
of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  Creating  timepieces  for  the 
practical  solution  of  time  and  space 
problems  in  astronomy,  navigation, 
aviation  and  exploration  has  been 
a  function  of  Longines  watchmaking 
for  nearly  three  quarters  of  a  century 


That  the  "World's  Fair"  spectacle 
"Time  and  Space"  should  be  a  col- 
laboration of  this  great  museum  and 
Longines,  is  logical.  Historic  Longines, 
aviation  watches  of  Byrd,  Lindbergh, 
Hughes  and  others,  long  displayed  in 
the  Museum's  Hayden  Planetarium, 
and  an  antique  watch  collection  will 
be  exhibited  in  the  "Time  and  Space" 
Building  at  "New  York  World's  Fair" 


THE   LONGINES-WITTNAUER  "TIME   AND   SPACE"  BUILDING 


******** 


New  York  •  Paris 


LONGINES-WITTNAUER  WATCH 


LONGINES  WATCHES 


WITTNAUER  WATCHES 


/VATCH      CO.,      \HQ.        Montreal  •  Geneva 

A6ASSIZ      WATCHES  •  TOUCHON  WATCHES 


1854 


1939 


Original  Store 


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SONS 


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BAKERS 

Since  1854 


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Like  all  Ford  cars  before  it,  the  De  Luxe  Ford  V-  8  is  built  to  win  respect  and 
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praise  a  car  can  have— and  value  is  the  way  to  that.  Let  this  car  tell  you  at 
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DE  LUXE  FORD  V-8 

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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-ONE 


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and  MAZOLA  makes  the  Dressing 


MAZOLA  is  wholesome  and  delicious,  blends 
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MAJEOEA  is  economical  ...  in  the  attractive 
can  with  the  handy  pouring  spout,  it  is  easy 
to  use. 

MAZOJLA  is  pure,  vegetable  oil,  made  from 
the  hearts  of  golden  corn — 

Thai's  why  MAZOLA  is  called 
THE  SALAD  OIL  OF  CHARACTER 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-TWO 


a 


6 


COMES  INTO  ITS  OWN 


In  this  charming  dining  room,  glass  comes 
into  its  own.  It  dominates  design  and  lends  al- 
luring luster  to  the  scene. 

The  feeling  of  greater  spaciousness  provided 
hy  the  large  mirror  is  amplified  by  the  intriguing 
photomural  which  magically  provides  a  view  of 
stirring  beauty.  The  highly  polished  plate  glass 
atop  table  and  buffet  and  the  glass  shelves  of  the 
china  cabinet  complement  a  symphony  created 
by  this  fascinating  material. 

Effects  like  these  are  best  obtained  with  L-OF 
Quality  Polished  Plate  Glass.  It  is  notable  for 
exceptional  brilliance  and  freedom  from  imper- 
fections. Available  in  clear  and  golden  plate, 
three  shades  of  blue,  a  peach  and  a  green.  Your 
local  L-  O  •  F  distributor  will  gladly  cooperate  with 
you  in  any  problem  of  design  or  application. 
Libbev Owens* Ford  Glass  Company,  Toledo,  O. 


the  Grosfeld  House,  New  York  City. 


LIBBEY-OWENS-FORD 


at. 


UNITED  STATES  TOBACCO  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  •  CHICAGO  •  NASHVILLE  •  RICHMOND 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-THREE 


Dedicated  to  Progress 


INSPIRING,  indeed,  is  the  vast  panorama  of 
the  New  York  World's  Fair  ...  a  tribute  to 
man's  creative  genius  ...  an  example  of  his 
continuous  quest  for  new  and  better  ways  of 
living  ...  a  milestone  in  the  history  of  human 
progress! 

In  the  pageant  of  progress,  Chrysler  Corpo- 
ration has  always  taken  a  leading  part.  From 
the  very  beginning,  the  policy  of  the  Chrysler 
Corporation  has  been  to  build  better  cars  and 
to  sell  these  better  cars  at  lower  prices.  Millions 
of  dollars  have  been  spent  on  research  and 
experimentation  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  this  fundamental 
policy. 

As  a  result  of  this  policy  of 
concentrating  on  constant  im- 
provement and  greater  value, 
more  than  6,000,000  vehicles 
built  by  Chrysler  Corporation 
have  been  bought  by  the 
public. 

Not  only  has  Chrysler  Cor- 
poration risen  to  a  leading 
place  in  the  industry,  but  each 
year  it  has  made  strides  in  the 


PLYMOUTH 

PASSENGER  AND  COMMERCIAL  CARS 

DODGE 

PASSENGER  CARS  AND  TRUCKS 

DE  SOTO 


CHRYSLER 


general  development  of  a  safer,  more  comfort- 
able, more  efficient  and  economical  car. 

From  the  use,  in  the  very  first  car  produced 
under  the  Chrysler  name,  of  the  high  compres- 
sion engine  and  four-wheel  hydraulic  brakes, 
Chrysler  engineering  has  moved  steadily  for- 
ward in  pioneering  better  things  in  automobiles. 
Safety  steel  bodies  and  floating  power  engine- 
mountings  which  practically  eliminated  car  vi- 
bration have  been  Chrysler  features  for  years. 
The  whole  automotive  industry  has  been 
influenced  by  the  Chrysler  principle  of  scien- 
tific weight  distribution,  first 
introduced  in  the  Airflow 
designs. 

It  is  because  of  the  many 
fundamental  advances  in  auto- 
mobile construction  which 
have  been  made  by  the  Chrys- 
ler Corporation  engineering 
laboratories  that  millions  of 
owners  of  Plymouth,  Dodge, 
De  Soto  and  Chrysler  cars 
have  come  to  realize  that  "You 
get  the  good  things  first  from 
Chrysler  Corporation." 


Chrysler  Marine  and  Industrial  Engines  •  Airtemp — Air  Conditioning 


YOU  GET  THE  GOOD  THINGS  FIRST  FROM  CHRYSLER  CORPORATION 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-FOUR 


That  fine  flavor  comes  from 


coffee  beans  mountain-grown 
in  the  Mellow  Flavor  Belt 

.  .  .  yet  moderately  priced 

Beech -Nut  Coffee 


THE  MELLOW  FLAVOR  BELT 


IN  2  GRINDS  •  DRIP  GRIND— REGULAR  GRIND  (Steel  Cut)  •  VACUUM-PACKED 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-FIVE 


KOSHER-PAREVE 

The  seal  of  approval  ^)  of  the  UNION  OF 

ORTHODOX  JEWISH 

CONGREGATIONS  OF  AMERICA 

is  on  the  front  of  the  familiar  green  label. 


IN  every  kosher  delicatessen,  in  every 
grocery  or  dairy  store  with  Jewish  trade, 
you  find  HEINZ  Vegetarian  Beans  the 
"best-seller"  of  baked  beans.  Long  hours 
of  baking  in  our  own  hot,  dry  ovens  .  .  . 
tasty  tomato  sauce . . .  give  these  beans  the 
old-fashioned  home-baked  tempting  flavor 
and  aroma. 


jf&MZ  (u)  FOODS  \ 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-SIX 


PALESTINE  IS  THE  JEWISH  NATIONAL  HOME 

(Continued  from  page  27) 

Legally  the  Arab  case  that  Palestine  is  "their"  country  rests  on 
the  McMahan  correspondence.  It  goes  without  saying  that  the 
allies  did  play  fast-and-loose  with  the  Arabs.  The  Arabs  were  not 
the  only  people  honored  with  such  attention  during  the  Great  War. 
But  McMahan  himself  excludes  Palestine  from  the  territory  prom- 
ised to  Arab  sovereignty.  Official  British  doctrine  has  never  ad- 
mitted that  the  McMahan  pledge  is  valid  in  regard  to  Palestine. 

The  British  thus  whittled  down  their  purported  obligations  to  the 
Arabs;  similarly  they  pared  down  their  promises  to  the  Jews.  For 
twenty-one  years  the  Balfour  Declaration  has  been  interpreted  one 
way  or  another  by  various  British  governments.  In  1922  Mr. 
Winston  Churchill  attempted  to  concentrate  it  in  a  White  Paper 
which  stated  that  Jews  were  to  live  in  Palestine  as  of  right,  and 
not  on  sufferance,  but  that  there  should  be  no  attempt  to  create 
an  exclusive  Jewish  state  in  Palestine.  In  other  words,  the  National 
Home  for  the  Jewish  people  was  to  be  a  sort  of  island  in  a  largely 
Arab  country.  Great  Britain  as  the  mandatory  power  was  in  charge 
of  administration,  empowered  to  inflict  legislation  on  Jews  and 
Arabs  alike.  So  the  experiment  began. 

Jewish  brains,  Jewish  immigrants — and  finally  Jewish  blood — 
began  to  irrigate  the  little  country.  But  the  Jews  insist  that  they 
did  not  remove  any  rights  from  the  Arabs,  nor  were  they  "taking" 
any  land.  They  bought  the  land  they  settled  on,  at  good  prices, 
and  even  during  the  disturbances  the  Arabs  were  willing  enough 
to  sell.  They  did  not  dispossess  any  but  an  infinitesimal  number  of 
Arabs;  at  the  beginning  at  least  they  scrupulously  respected  Arab 
religious  and  racial  customs,  and  they  did  not  "take"  nearly  as 
much  of  Palestine  as  is  generally  assumed.  At  present  the  Jews 
own  about  300,000  acres  of  cultivable  land,  out  of  a  total  cultivable 
area  estimated  at  2,750,000  acres. 

The  concrete  achievements  of  Zionism  have  been  remarkable. 
An  attempt  to  express  spiritual  homogeneity  in  geographical  terms 
was  unique;  to  many  it  was  enthralling.  I  have  watched  the  immi- 
grants come  in  at  Jaffa,  on  boats  like  troop  ships,  from  the  ghettos 
of  Lemberg  and  Czernowitz  and  Prague.  No,  they  were  not  hand- 
some, vigorous  young  men.  No,  they  were  not  lit  by  any  apparent 
inward  fire.  Instead,  they  were  wretchedly  dressed  and  miserably 
poor,  huddled  in  cantonments  where  brisk  British  officers  shuffled 
and  distributed  them;  they  looked  like  refugees  from  slums.  But  a 
few  years  later  I  saw  these  same  people  tilling  the  soil,  carving 
livelihoods  out  of  the  dusty  rock  of  the  Jordan  hills  and  the  plain 
of  Esdraelon — upright,  alert,  self-sufficient,  with  pride  in  their  work, 
pride  in  themselves.  They  were  new  men.  The  transformation  was 
all  but  unbelievable. 

Zionism  is  an  attempt  to  hand-pick  a  nation.  The  immigration 
of  the  Chalutzim  (pioneers)  is  not  fortuitous,  but  selective;  the 
Zionist  organization,  represented  by  agents  throughout  Eastern 
Europe,  chooses  them,  man  by  man.  First  of  all,  of  course,  a  quota 
is  established;  this  quota  must  be  approved  by  the  Palestine 
(British)  government,  and  the  immigrants  are  organized  into 
colonies  and  settled  on  the  land.  Some  land  is  the  property  of  the 
Jewish  people  as  a  whole,  in  perpetual  lease  to  the  Jewish  National 
Fund;  some  may  be  privately  bought  and  sold.  The  Jewish  agri- 
cultural colonists  are  the  heart  of  Zionism. 

Accompanying  Zionism  came  a  Hebrew  revival.  The  colonists 
learn  Hebrew,  and  that  tongue  has  been  resuscitated  as  a  living 
language.  Hebrew  theatres  have  been  organized  and  a  living 
literature  in  Hebrew  has  developed.  Schools  have  been  opened  in 
considerable  numbers;  a  great  Hebrew  university  has  been  built 
on  Mount  Scopus,  near  Jerusalem;  a  definite  revivification  of  Jewish 
life  has  occurred,  expressed  in  Hebrew  terms. 

Meantime  the  standard  of  living  of  the  whole  country  has  been 
enormously  increased.  Jewish  capital  entered  the  country  in  large 
amounts.  The  remarkable  town  of  Tel  Aviv  arose  on  the  Jaffa 
sands,  the  only  exclusively  Jewish  municipality  in  the  world. 
Swamps  were  drained;  malaria  controlled;  irrigation  and  water 
power  projects  outlined;  agriculture  rationalized.  The  Jews  built 
hospitals,  welfare  stations,  libraries,  clinics,  laboratories  for  scien- 
tific research.  They  brought,  in  fact,  the  modern  world  to  Palestine. 

Immigration  figures  tell  the  story  of  rising  Jewish  strength  and 
consequent  Arab  alarm.  In  1920,  5,514  Jews  came  to  Palestine, 
in  1925,  33,801.  Then  came  a  serious  drop;  but  in  1933  immigra- 
tion reached  30,000  again,  and  in  1934  it  rose  to  42,359,  in  1935  to 
61,854.  In  1922  the  total  population  of  Palestine  was  about  750,000; 

(Confinued  on  page  135) 


PALESTI N  E 
P  OTAS  H 

LIMITED 

(DEAD  SEA  SALTS  CONCESSION) 

62,  PALL  MALL,  LONDON,  S.W.I. 

(REGISTERED  OFFICE) 

ABYSSINIAN  HOUSE, 
STREET  OF  THE  PROPHETS,  JERUSALEM 

(PALESTINE  OFFICE) 

PRODUCERS  OF: 

POTASSIUM  CHLORIDE 
POTASSIUM  SULPHATE 
BROMINE 

MAGNESIUM  CHLORIDE 

CALCIUM  CHLORIDE 

TARLE  SALT 

DEAD  SEA  RATH  SALT 

ANTIDUST 

FRIGOR 

SOLE  SALES  AGENTS 
(Except  for  Palestine  and  Near  East): 

Messrs.  C.  TENNANT,  SONS  &  CO.  Ltd. 

9,   MINCING  LANE,  LONDON,  E.C.3. 


PALESTINE  HOUSE  INC.  •  American  Center  lor  Palestine  Products 
I.  M.  Kowalsky  •  10  W.  28th  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y.  •  LExington  2-6263 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-SEVEN 


MEN  FALL  FOR 
SKIN  THAT'S 
SMOOTH  AND 
SWEET!  " 


20th  CEN 


Protect  daintiness  the  Hollywood 
way.  Screen  stars  use  LUX  TOILET 
SOAP  as  a  BATH  soap,  too.  Its 
ACTIVE  lather  removes  stale 
perspiration,  every  trace  of  dust 
and  dirt.  Leaves  a  delicate  fragrance 

on  the  skin. 


EVERY  WOMAN 
REALLY  WANTS 

ROMANCE  r 


WHY  ARE 
SO  MANY  SO 
CARELESS  ABOUT 
DAINTINESS  ? 


WITH  FRAG-RANT  "J* 

Lux  Soap  it  is  so  ^/ 

EASY  TO  BE  SURE 
OF  THIS  CHARM 


9  out  of  10 
Screen  Stars  use  Lux  Toilet  Soap 


IT  MAKES  A 
BEAUTY  BATH  THAT'S 

LUXURIOUS  YET 
VERY  INEXPENSIVE 


I  ALWAYS 
USE  IT.  IT 
LEAVES  SKIN 
REALLY  FRESH 
ANO  SWEET 


f 


SMOOTH  AND 
DELICATELY 


FRAG-RANT, 


ITS  A  WONDERFUL 
WAY  TO  PROTECT 
DAINTINESS.  [  

Jjj|g| 


i 


TRY  IT! 


JEWISH  WONDER  CITY 

{Continued  horn  page  80) 

cities  irom  each  other.  Those  sections  in  Jaffa  where 
Jews  still  dwelt  or  conducted  business  had  to  be  vacated 
for  reasons  of  security. 

The  story  of  the  absolute  divorce  which  events  have 
brought  about  between  the  two  cities  is  dramatically 
told  in  a  prosaic  book,  namely,  the  telephone  directory 
of  January,  1939.  Here  for  the  first  time  the  two  cities 
are  listed  under  separate  headings  instead  of  "Jaffa- 
Tel  Aviv,"  as  in  previous  years.  The  phenomenal  rise 
of  Tel  Aviv  has  been  accompanied  by  the  decline  of 
Jaffa.  The  latter,  which  in  1929  had  become  the  out- 
standing commercial  center  in  the  country,  has  sunk  to 
the  status  of  a  second-rate  business  town.  Savage  at- 
tacks on  life  and  property  forced  the  Jews  to  abandon 
the  plan  of  building  a  port  in  Jaffa  to  serve  both  com- 
munities and  thus  to  ameliorate  the  blow  which  Jaffa 
had  received  when  Haifa's  harbor  was  opened. 

Tel  Aviv  does  not  pride  itself  on  the  number  of  its 
inhabitants.  We  know  very  well  that  there  are  many 
centers  in  Europe  and  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic 
with  larger  Jewish  populations.  In  Warsaw  alone  there 
are  as  many  Jews  as  in  all  Palestine,  and  in  New  York 
there  are  several  million.  But  Tel  Aviv  is  a  Hebrew  city 
in  body  and  in  spirit.  The  400  streets  of  the  city  are 
named  after  the  great  men  in  Israel  Irom  the  time  of 
the  prophets  and  the  kings  down  to  the  present  era, 
as  well  as  alter  friends  of  Israel,  such  as  George  Eliot 
and  Lord  Balfour. 

The  path  of  the  builders  of  Tel  Aviv  has  not  been 
strewn  with  roses.  We  have  had  the  hardships  of  pio- 
neering; dealings  between  the  municipality  and  the 
Mandatory  power  have  not  been  easy.  What  a  con- 
trast between  this  dynamic,  Europeanized  city  and  the 
Arab  cities,  lacking  initiative  and  desire  for  improve- 
ments. The  Mandatory  ollicialdom  which  comes  to 
govern  a  colonial  area  is,  of  course,  amazed  to  discover 
a  city  which  demands  education  and  culture  lor  its  in- 
habitants and  health  and  social  service  lor  its  needy. 
In  fact,  74  per  cent  of  the  1938-39  budget  of  Tel  Aviv 
has  been  allotted  for  health  and  educational  services. 
This  is  something  new  under  the  sun  of  colonial  terri- 
tories. 

April,  1939,  marks  three  years  since  the  Arab  uprising 
began.  They  have  been  years  of  cruel  sacrifice  of 
human  life,  in  which  Tel  Aviv  shared  with  the  rest  of 
the  country.  A  few  months  ago  the  Tel  Aviv  cemetery 
was  declared  filled,  and  a  new  one  is  now  being  used. 
Tourist  trade  has  been  interrupted  and  commerce  and 
industry  have  suffered  from  the  abnormal  conditions. 
And  yet  these  have  been  years  of  expansion  and  de- 
velopment in  Tel  Aviv.  The  Levant  Fair — where  almost 
all  the  leading  nations  of  the  world  exhibited  their 
wares — was  opened  at  a  time  when  the  former  High 
Commissioner  had  to  be  accompanied  by  a  heavy 
guard  when  he  came  to  the  inauguration  from  Jerusa- 
lem. The  Palestine  Orchestra  gave  its  first  performance, 
under  the  baton  of  Toscanini,  six  months  after  the  dis- 
turbances began.  Cities  as  old  as  Cairo  and  Beirut 
receive  our  orchestra's  concert  as  the  outstanding  musi- 
cal event  of  the  winter  season-  -for  indeed  there  is  no 
other  symphony  orchestra  in  the  entire  Middle  East. 

We  have  come  through  these  three  years  strength- 
ened and  consolidated  by  the  sorrow  we  have  shared. 


Among  the  world-famous 
models  and  movie  stars 
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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  TWENTY-NINL 


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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY 


NEW  SOCIAL  PATTERN 

(Continued  from  page  69) 

means  of  intensive  public  works  schemes,  provides  work 
for  the  workless,  instead  of  the  more  usual  dole.  The 
very  name,  "Redemption  Through  Work  Scheme,"  tells 
its  own  tale;  the  Unemployment  Fund  has  created  over 
four  million  work  days  in  the  course  of  four  years. 

Jewish  Palestine  is  characterized  by  other  forms  of 
mutual  benefit,  and  the  Workers'  Sick  Fund,  supported 
almost  entirely  by  workers'  contributions  and  providing 
first-rate  modern  health  services  to  its  members,  is  a 
typical  example.  So,  too,  in  the  sphere  of  housing.  In 
other  countries  government  grants  and  municipal  authori- 
ties endeavor  to  provide  adequate  housing  facilities  for 
all  citizens.  In  Palestine  you  have  the  phenomenon  of  a 
workers'  housing  system,  functioning  entirely  unaided, 
and  providing  excellent  housing  through  a  specially 
created  company,  within  the  workers'  economy,  which  is 
entirely  unpreoccupied  with  profit-making.  Thus  par- 
ticularly well-equipped  new  quarters  have  been  built  in 
the  towns  and  in  agricultural  areas  for  cooperative  asso- 
ciations of  householders,  who  enjoy  up-to-date  facilities 
at  a  minimum  cost.  Their  own  initial  investments  may 
be  made  in  money,  or  partly  in  money  and  partly  in  labor. 

With  the  emphasis  on  use  value  rather  than  profit,  the 
work  of  a  man's  hands  is  invested  with  an  additional  and 
constructive  meaning.  Whether  it  is  in  housing  schemes 
or  in  the  labor  settlements,  the  individual's  desire  to  give 
freely  of  his  store  of  ability,  artistry  or  strength  is  the 
leitmotif  of  Palestine's  new  social  fabric,  whose  mesh  is 
daily  becoming  more  multi-colored  and  whose  pattern 
more  variegated  and  full.  To  inherit  it  comes  a  new  gen- 
eration, for  whom  all  this  is  the  normality  which  the 
Jewish  return  to  Palestine  is  striving  to  attain.  And  again 
we  see  the  contrast  between  the  freed  generation  that 
has  left  the  Diaspora  and  become  reestablished  in  its  his- 
toric homeland,  and  the  free  generation  that  has  known 
no  shackles  and  to  whom  acceptance  of  the  new  social 
coinage  now  being  minted  in  Eretz  Israel  is  the  most 
natural  thing  in  the  world. 


t  this  time,  when  undemocratic 
forces  are  attempting  to  instill  into  the 
minds  of  free  people  prejudices  based 
on  false  or  incomplete  information,  the 
Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion,  bringing  to 
the  New  York  World's  Fair  an  exhibit 
illustrating  the  true  aims  and  aspira- 
tions of  the  Jewish  people  in  Palestine, 
is  of  profound  significance  as  an  instru- 
ment of  enlightenment. 


^4  friend 


Un5i5t  on 

EVE  READY 


TRADE-MARK 


DATED 


FLASHLIGHT 
BATTERIES 


Smile  wilh 


PRESTONE 

TRADE-MARK 

ANTI-FREEZE 

Let  Others  Boil! 


National 


TRADE-MARK 


Projector  Carbons 

MADE  IN  AMERICA 

NATIONAL  CARBON  COMPANY,  INC. 

GENERAL  OFFICES:  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 
Unit  o/  Union  Carbide  ||  |  j  j  and  Carbon  Corporation 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY 


-ONE 


ORGANIZATIONS 

AFFILIATED  WITH  THE  SPONSORSHIP  OF  THE  JEWISH  PALES- 
TINE PAVILION  AT  THE  NEW  YORK  WORLD'S  FAIR  1939 


ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF  DROPSIE  COLLEGE 
Elchanan  H.  Golomb,  Pres. 

ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  JEWISH  INSTITUTE  OF  RELIGION 
Rabbi  Herman  Saville,  Pres. 

AMERICAN  ACADEMY  FOR  JEWISH  RESEARCH 
Prof.  Louis  Ginzberg,  Pres. 

AMERICAN  ECONOMIC  COMMITTEE  FOR  PALESTINE 
Israel  B.  Brodie,  Pres. 

AMERICAN  JEWISH  CONGRESS 
Dr.  Stephen  S.  Wise,  Pres. 

AMERICAN  JEWISH  PHYSICIANS'  COMMITTEE 
Dr.  Nathan  Ratnoff,  Pres. 

AMERICAN  PALESTINE  JEWISH  LEGION 
Dr.  H.  L.  Gordon,  Pres. 

ASSOCIATION  OF  HUNGARIAN  JEWS  OF  AMERICA 
Alexander  Altman,  Pres. 

AVUKAH 

Lawrence  B.  Cohen,  Exec.  Secy. 

COUNCIL  OF  ORGANIZATIONS  FOR  PALESTINE 
Judge  Hyman  J.  Reit,  Pres. 

DROPSIE  COLLEGE 

Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  Pres. 

FEDERATION  OF  PALESTINE  JEWS  OF  AMERICA 
Hirsch  Manischewitz,  Pres. 

FEDERATION  OF  POLISH  JEWS  IN  AMERICA 
Benjamin  Winter,  Pres. 

HADASSAH 

Mrs.  Moses  P.  Epstein,  Pres. 

HAPOEL  HAMIZRACHI 
Isidore  Epstein,  Pres. 

HASHOMER  HATZAIR 

Yechiel  Greenberg,  Exec.  Secy. 

HEBREW  SHELTERING  AND  IMMIGRANT  AID  SOCIETY 
Abraham  Herman,  Pres. 

HEBREW  THEOLOGICAL  COLLEGE 
Rabbi  Saul  Silber,  Pres. 

KISTADRUTH  HANOAR  HAIVRI 
Jacob  Kabakolf,  Pres. 

HISTADRUTH  IVRITH 

Abraham  Goldberg,  Pres. 

B'NAI  B'RITH 

Henry  Monsky,  Pres. 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER  BRITH  ABRAHAM 
Samuel  Goldstein,  Grand  Master 

INDEPENDENT  ORDER  BRITH  SHOLOM 

A.  Sigmund  Kanengieser,  Grand  Master 

JEWISH  ACADEMY  OF  ARTS  AND  SCIENCES 
Prof.  Morris  R.  Cohen,  Pres. 

JEWISH  INSTITUTE  OF  RELIGION 
Dr.  Stephen  S.  Wise,  Pres. 

JEWISH  NATIONAL  FUND 

Dr.  Israel  Goldstein,  Pres. 

JEWISH  NATIONAL  WORKERS'  ALLIANCE  OF  AMERICA 
David  Pinski,  Pres. 

JEWISH  THEATRICAL  GUILD 
Eddie  Cantor,  Pres. 

JUNIOR  DIVISION  —  UNITED  PALESTINE  APPEAL 
S.  Stanley  Kreutzer,  Pres. 

JUNIOR  HADASSAH 
Nell  Ziff,  Pres. 


KEREN  HAYESOD 

Louis  Lipsky,  Nat  l  Chrmn. 

LEAGUE  FOR  LABOR  PALESTINE 
Dr.  Samuel  Wohl,  Nat'l  Chrmn. 

MASADA 

Eleazar  Lipsky,  Pres. 

MIZRACHI  ORGANIZATION  OF  AMERICA 
Leon  Gellman,  Pres. 

MIZRACHI  WOMEN'S  ORGANIZATION 
Mrs.  Abraham  Shapiro,  Pres. 

NATIONAL  CONFERENCE  OF  JEWISH  SOCIAL  WELFARE 
Harry  Greenstein,  Pres. 

NATIONAL  COUNCIL  FOR  JEWISH  EDUCATION 

Dr.  Samuel  Dinin,  Pres. 

NATIONAL  LABOR  COMMITTEE  FOR  PALESTINE 
Joseph  Schlossberg,  Nat  l  Chrmn. 

NEW  ZIONIST  ORGANIZATION  OF  AMERICA 
Dr.  Morris  M.  Rose,  Pres 

ORDER  SONS  OF  ZION 
Joseph  Kraemer,  Pres. 

PIONEER  WOMEN'S  ORGANIZATION 
Miss  Sara  Feder,  Secy. 

POALE  ZION— ZEIRE  ZION  ORGANIZATION 

David  Wertheim,  Gen'l  Secy. 

RABBINICAL  ASSEMBLY 
Simon  Greenberg,  Pres. 

RABBINICAL  ASSOCIATION  of  the  HEBREW  THEOLOGICAL  COLLEGE 
Rabbi  Leonard  C.  Mishkin,  Pres. 

RABBINICAL  COUNCIL  OF  AMERICA 
Rabbi  Herbert  S.  Goldstein,  Pres. 

UNION  OF  ORTHODOX  JEWISH  CONGREGATIONS  OF  AMERICA 

William  Weiss,  Pres. 

UNITED  PALESTINE  APPEAL 

Rabbi  Abba  Hillel  Silver,  Nat  l  Chrmn. 

UNITED  ROUMANIAN  JEWS  OF  AMERICA 
Charles  Sonnenreich,  Pres. 

UNITED  STATES  MACCABI  ASSOCIATION 
Nathan  L.  Goldstein,  Pres. 

UNITED  SYNAGOGUE  OF  AMERICA 
Louis  J.  Moss,  Pres. 

WOMEN'S  AMERICAN  ORT 
Mrs.  Morris  Gisnet,  Pres. 

WOMEN'S  BRANCH  UNION  OF  ORTHODOX  CONGREGATIONS 

Mrs.  Isidor  Freedman,  Pres. 

WOMEN'S  DIVISION  —  AMERICAN  JEWISH  CONGRESS 
Mrs.  Stephen  S.  Wise,  Pres. 

WOMEN'S  LEAGUE  of  the  UNITED  SYNAGOGUE  OF  AMERICA 
Mrs.  Samuel  Spiegel,  Pres. 

WOMEN'S  LEAGUE  FOR  PALESTINE 
Mrs.  William  Prince,  Pres. 

YOUNG  JUDAEA 

Louis  P.  Rocker,  Pres. 

YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  LEAGUE  of  the  UNITED  SYNAGOGUE  OF  AMERICA 
John  Lewis,  Pres. 

YOUNG  POALE  ZION 
Kieve  Skidell,  Pres. 

YOUTH  COUNCIL,  ORDER  SONS  OF  ZION 
Samuel  Lipschitz,  Pres. 

YOUTH  DIVISION,  AMERICAN  JEWISH  CONGRESS 
Philip  B.  Heller,  Nat'l  Exec.  Secy. 

ZIONIST  ORGANIZATION  OF  AMERICA 
Dr.  Solomon  Goldman,  Pres. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-TWO 


TO  THE  SEA  IN  SHIPS 

{Continued  horn  page  86) 

training  provided  by  the  Zebulon  Sea-Faring  Society  and 
a  number  are  now  employed  on  ships  sailing  the  seven 
seas,  where  they  are  gaining  practical  experience  for  the 
days  to  come. 

Zebulon  boys  and  members  of  the  Hapoel  Sea  Sports 
Section  can  be  seen  manning  whalers,  cutters  and  other 
craft  on  the  Yarkon  River  and  at  sea  off  Tel  Aviv  and 
in  Haifa  Bay. 

The  Nautical  School  of  the  Palestine  Maritime  League 
has  just  been  opened  and  forty  pupils  are  already  en- 
gaged in  obtaining  their  elementary  education  for  a  sea- 
faring career.  Under  the  direction  of  a  British  sea  cap- 
tain they  are  laying  down  the  traditions  which  will  be 
followed  by  the  future  officers  of  the  Palestine  Mercantile 
Marine. 

The  sailing  vessels  of  Nakhshon,  Ltd.,  are  continuously 
engaged  in  their  trade  either  off  the  coast  of  Palestine  or 
farther  away  near  Cyprus  and  other  Levantine  ports. 
Thus  it  was  but  recently  that  the  Yishub  mourned  its  first 
losses  at  sea  by  the  death  of  two  Jewish  sailors  and  the 
good  ship  Rahav,  which  was  wrecked  on  the  Cyprian 
coast  in  a  gale  of  truly  Biblical  proportions. 

One  of  the  most  unexpected  phenomena  has  been  the 
manner  in  which  the  Yishub  has  responded  to  the  idea  of 
the  Palestine  Maritime  League.  In  practically  every  city, 
town  and  settlement  throughout  the  country  there  are 
Jews  young  and  old  who  have  demonstrated  their  interest 
and  faith  in  Kibush  Hayam — conquest  of  the  sea — very 
much  as  they  have  shown  their  belief  in  Geulat  Haaretz, 
the  redemption  of  the  land.  There  are  many  among  the 
10,000  members  of  the  Palestine  Maritime  League  whose 
only  actual  contact  with  the  sea  took  place  on  their  jour- 
ney from  Europe  to  Eretz  Israel.  There  are  many  who, 
born  in  Palestine,  have  never  put  their  foot  on  the  deck 
of  any  vessel,  and  yet  one  and  all  have  come  forward 
with  their  subscription  and  an  undertaking  to  support  the 
aims  for  which  the  League  was  formed.  Here  indeed  is  a 
demonstration  of  the  urge  toward  the  sea  which  has  be- 
come part  of  the  thought  and  hope  of  Jewry  in  Palestine. 

But  after  all  there  is  nothing  really  strange  in  this. 
History  records  the  fact  that  in  ancient  days  Jewish  ships 
set  out  from  Jaffa,  Ascalon,  Tyre  and  Sidon  for  destina- 
tions as  far  afield  as  North  Sea  ports.  During  the  war 
with  Rome  Jewish  galleys  harried  the  grain  convoys  car- 
rying corn  from  Alexandria  to  feed  the  citizens  of  Rome; 
such  Jewish  vessels  set  out  from  Jaffa  and  waylaid  the 
heavily  laden  grain  ships  somewhere  off  the  Eastern 
coast  of  the  Mediterranean  as  the  winds  drove  them  on  a 
Northeasterly  course.  It  was,  indeed,  only  after  the 
destruction  of  the  Jewish  raiders  by  the  combined  Roman 
fleets  at  Jaffa  in  67  A.D.  that  Rome  was  able  to  feel  safe 
once  more;  the  importance  of  the  occasion  is  illustrated 
by  the  fact  that  the  broken  prows  of  Jewish  war  galleys 
were  included  in  Vespasian's  triumphant  procession. 

Even  through  the  Middle  Ages  there  was  no  dearth  of 
Jewish  contact  with  the  sea;  some  even  claim  that  the 
first  European  to  set  his  foot  on  American  soil  was  a  Jew 
who  sailed  from  Spain  with  Columbus. 

The  modern  desire  of  young  Jews  in  Palestine  to  go 
down  to  the  sea  again  has  its  roots  in  the  past  and  draws 
its  strength  from  the  instinctive  desire  of  the  people  to 
recreate  a  full  life  covering  every  sphere  of  human 
activity  in  Eretz  Israel. 


AMERICAN  CHAIN  &  CABLE 

BRIDGEPORT,  CONN. 


ANCHOR  CARPET  &  LINOLEUM  CO. 

169  E.  33rd  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


CONSUMERS  ENVELOPE  CO. 

60  WARREN  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


FAMOUS  MUSIC  CORP. 

1501  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y 


CHARLES  HARTMAN  CO. 

975  DEAN  ST.,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


HORAN  ENGRAVING  CO.,  Inc. 

44  W.  28th  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


IMPERIAL  PAPER  BOX  CORP. 

252  NEWPORT  ST.,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


ARTHUR  D.  MARKS  JR.  . 

Associated  with  Schifi,  Terhune  &  Company  •  general  insurance 
99  JOHN  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


OLMAN  MUSIC  CORP. 

1619  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


PALM,  FECHTELER  CO. 

220  W.  42nd  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


PENNSYLVANIA  DRUG  CO. 

635  11th  AVE.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


REGAN  OFFICE  FURNITURE 

16-18  E.  40th  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y 


ROBBINS  MUSIC  CORP. 

799  7th  AVE.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


SCAROON  MANOR  HOTEL 

SCHROON  LAKE,  NEW  YORK 


STERN  BROTHERS 

41  W.  42nd  ST.,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 
I  R.T.  World's  Fair  Subway  Irom  Our  Basement 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-THREE 


wy*  w\j. 


NOTES  ON  OUR  CONTRIBUTORS 


WELLESLEY  ARON.  formerly  the  headmaster  of  an  English  public  school, 
now  is  a  resident  of  Tel  Aviv. 

ISAAC   BEN   ZWI   is   the   President  of  the  Jewish   National   Council  of 

Palestine. 

ISRAEL  BRODIE  is  the  President  of  the  American  Economic  Committee 
for  Palestine.  His  article  in  this  book  is  based  on  material  contained  in 
his  pamphlet  The  fle/ugee  Problem  and  Palestine. 

CLAIRE  EPSTEIN  is  the  nom  de  plume  of  a  Palestinian  labor  leader. 

BERNARD  FLEXNER  is  the  President  of  the  Palestine  Economic  Corpora- 
tion. 

PESSACH  GINSBURG.  former  editor  of  the  Doar  Hayom  of  Tel  Aviv,  is  a 
Palestinian  newspaperman. 

DR.  SOLOMON  GOLDMAN,  spiritual  leader  of  Congregation  Anshe  Emet 
of  Chicago  and  President  of  the  Zionist  Organization  of  America,  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  volumes,  the  most  recent  being  his  Crisis  and 

Decision. 

DR.  ISRAEL  GOLDSTEIN  Rabbi  of  Congregation  B'nai  Jeshurun  of  New 
York,  is  the  President  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  in  America  and  the 
Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion. 

JOHN  GUNTHER,  noted  newspaper  correspondent,  is  the  author  of  Inside 
Europe.  His  article  in  this  volume  is  based  on  material  contained  in  his 
new  book,  Inside  Asia. 

ROSE  HALPRIN.  who  now  lives  in  Palestine,  served  as  President  of 
Hadassah,  women's  Zionist  organization  of  America,  from  1932  to  1934 

DR.  HUGO  HERRMANN,  lormer  contributing  editor  of  the  /uedischr 
Rundschau  of  Berlin  and  now  living  in  Palestine,  is  the  author  of  many 
books  on  Jewish  subjects. 

DOROTHY  KAHN  is  an  American  newsparjer  woman  now  residing  in 
Palestine,  and  author  of  a  volume  on  that  country  entitled  Spring  Up, 

O  Well. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  FREDERICK  H.  KISCH.  British  army  officer  who 
fought  in  Palestine  during  the  World  War,  served  as  Chairman  of  the 
Palestine  Zionist  Executive  from  1923  to  1931. 

BEN  LEVI  is  the  pseudonym  of  an  American  newspaperman  who  has 
spent  much  time  in  Palestine. 

HARRY  LEVIN,  originally  a  South  African,  is  the  Palestine  correspondent 
for  the  London  Daily  Herald. 

LUDWIG  LEWISOHN  is  a  famous  American  novelist  and  critic.  His  most 
recent  book,  published  early  in  1939,  is  Forever  Shalt  Thou  Love. 

LOUIS  LIPSKY,  American  member  of  the  World  Zionist  Executive,  and  for 
many  years  President  of  the  Zionist  Organization  of  America,  is  regarded 
as  the  dean  of  Zionism  in  America. 

THOMAS  MANN,  perhaps  the  greatest  of  modern  German  authors,  and 
a  literary  Nobel  Prize  winner,  is  a  voluntary  exile  from  the  Third  Reich. 
His  trilogy  Joseph  and  His  Brothers  is  acknowledged  to  be  one  of  the 
outstanding  works  of  our  time. 

ISRAEL  ROKACH  is  the  Mayor  of  the  all-Jewish  city  of  Tel  Aviv, 
Palestine. 

DR.  A.  S.  W.  ROSENBACH.  one  of  America's  foremost  bibliophiles,  is 
the  President  of  the  American  Friends  of  the  Hebrew  University. 

DR.  ARTHUR  RUPPIN,  noted  economist  now  living  in  Palestine,  is  the 
author  of  several  standard  works  on  that  country  and  on  Jewish  socio- 
logical questions. 

MAURICE  SAMUEL,  well-known  lecturer  and  novelist,  is  also  the  author 
of  several  books  dealing  with  Palestine  and  other  Jewish  subjects.  His 
most  recent  novel  is  Beyond  Woman. 

DOROTHY  THOMPSON,  outstanding  American  newspaper  woman  and 
columnist,  has  devoted  much  study  to  the  Zionist  movement. 

PIERRE  VAN  PAASSEN,  for  years  foreign  correspondent  of  the  New  York 
Evening  World  and  later  correspondent  of  other  American  and  Canadian 
newspapers  and  syndicates,  covered  the  1929  Palestine  riots.  His  recently 
published  book  Days  ol  Our  Years  was  a  Book-of-the-Month  Club  selec- 
tion. 

MEYER  W.  WEISGAL  is  the  Director  of  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  and 
the  Editor  of  THE  PALESTINE  BOOK. 

DR.  CHAIM  WEIZMANN  is  the  President  of  the  Jewish  Agency  for  Pales- 
tine and  of  the  World  Zionist  Organization. 

DR.  STEPHEN  S.  WISE,  Rabbi  of  the  Free  Synagogue  of  New  York,  head 
of  the  Jewish  Institute  of  Religion,  President  of  the  American  Jewish 
Congress  and  a  former  President  of  the  Zionist  Organization  of  America, 
is  considered  the  outstanding  Jewish  leader  in  this  country. 


UNITED  FACTORS  CORP. 


1412  BROADWAY 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


Sloe  Key 
To 

Qood  Health 

KOSHER  •  PAREVE 


PLANTERS  EDIBLE  OIL  COMPANY 

I  UNION  SQUARE  -  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


Vttvtititd  (JiicjJif.y  in 
\\A\M\ 


When  buying  lingerie  or  dresses  made 
of  Rayon...it  pa>s  to  look  for  the  Tubize 
Seal.  This  is  the  Seal  that  Certifies  the 
Quality  of  the  fabrics  used...  care  full\ 
check-tested  in  independent  laboratories 
for  service-qualities.  It  identifies  both 
high-fashion  dress  materials  and  many 
well  known  brands  of  underwear. 


2  j>&m  Amm-ms9  mm 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-FOUR 


PALESTINE  IS  THE  JEWISH  NATIONAL  HOME 

{Continued  from  page  127) 

it  included  589,177  Moslems,  71,464  Christians  and  83,790  Jews. 
(Many  Jews  had  settled  in  Palestine  long  before  the  War  and  the 
Balfour  Declaration.)  The  Jews  were,  in  other  words,  roughly  11 
per  cent  of  the  total  population.  In  1936  the  population  of  Pales- 
tine was  1,336,518,  of  whom  848,342  were  Moslems,  106,474  Chris- 
tians, and  370,483  Jews.  The  Moslems,  one  sees,  increase  very 
rapidly  too.  But  the  proportion  of  Jews  to  the  total  population  in 
1936  rose  to  roughly  28  per  cent. 

It  soon  became  clear  that  tension  between  Jew  and  Arab  pre- 
vented any  easy  development  of  normal  self-government  institu- 
tions. Indeed,  the  government  of  Palestine  is  unique.  There  is  no 
constitution,  no  parliament,  no  president,  no  prime  minister,  no 
cabinet.  The  administration  is  purely  colonial.  New  laws  are 
posted  simply  by  decree.  The  "government"  is  vested  almost  solely 
in  the  person  of  the  British  High  Commissioner,  who  is  responsible 
only  to  the  Colonial  Office  in  London,  and,  at  an  astronomical  dis- 
tance, to  the  Mandates  Commission  of  the  League  of  Nations.  This 
has  occurred  because  no  legislative  instrument  could  be  devised 
satisfactory  to  Jew  and  Arab  alike.  Being  outnumbered,  the  Jews 
refused  any  government  based  on  proportionate  representation. 
And  the  Arabs  refused  anything  else. 

The  Jewish  accomplishment  in  Palestine  came  atop  almost  in- 
superable difficulties  and  obstacles.  From  the  beginning  Zionism 
faced  not  only  political  watering  down  of  the  mandate  but  deep- 
seated  antipathy  from  anti-Semitic  British  officials.  The  Jews  were 
violently  discriminated  against — in  what  was  presumably  to  be 
their  own  country. 

The  Jewish  case  in  Palestine,  strongly  underlined  by  the  Royal 
Commission  which,  headed  by  Lord  Peel,  studied  the  Palestine 
situation  in  1937,  is  in  essence  simple.  The  Jews,  a  people  with- 
out a  homeland,  have  an  inescapable  moral,  historical  and  politi- 
cal right  to  one,  and  Palestine  is  the  only  one  possible.  They  have 
as  much  "right"  to  Palestine  as  the  Arabs;  they  mean  no  harm  to 
Arabs,  who  have  millions  of  square  miles  to  live  in  if  they  find 
proximity  to  Jews  uncomfortable.  No  Arabs  have  been  asked  to 
leave  Palestine.  Jewish  "occupation"  of  Palestine  has  indeed 
greatly  benefited  the  Arab  community. 

But  the  Arabs  refused  cooperation.  In  the  words  of  the  Peel 
Commission,  "Not  once  since  1919  has  any  Arab  leader  said  that 
cooperation  with  the  Jews  was  even  possible."  (On  the  other  hand, 
let  it  be  repeated  that  all  through  the  disturbances  Arab  land- 
owners made  money  freely  by  selling  Jews  their  land.  A  modicum 
of  hate,  of  course,  accompanied  these  transactions;  money  counts, 
but  blood  counts  too.)  "The  underlying  cause  (of  the  unrest)," 
a  Jewish  witness  told  the  Commission,  "is  that  we  exist." 


God  promised  Zionism  to  Moses,  and  Balfour  promised  it  to 
Weizmann;  but  it  isn't  working  yet.  For  qualities  of  pure  dilemma 
the  Palestine  situation  is  unrivalled.  Civilization  is  overwhelmingly 
on  the  side  of  the  Jews;  but  civilization  isn't  always  popular. 
Zionism  is  an  emotional  necessity  to  countless  Jews,  and  given 
intelligent  statesmanship  it  should  become  the  best  single  solution 
to  the  refugee  problem.  But  it  faces  the  relentless  and  implacable 
hostility  of  the  Arab  population.  Arab  hostility  to  Zionism  is 
lamentable;  but  it  is  not  going  to  be  easy  to  erase. 

Perhaps  amelioration  will  come  some  day — amelioration  to  the 
refugee  problem  also — in  the  form  of  an  exchange  of  populations. 
This  is  not  practical  politics  yet;  it  could  become  practical  politics 
any  time  the  British  believed  in  it.  The  Arabs  might  go  into  Trans- 
jordan  or  Iraq,  where  there  is  plenty  of  room;  Jews  from  Europe 
could  come  then  to  Palestine.  The  idea  may  seem  fantastic,  but 
it  worked  when  imposed  by  a  strong  hand  on  the  Greeks  and 
Turks.  Something  must  be  done.  The  refugee  issue  forces  new 
attention  to  Zionism  as  a  way  out. 


* 

* 
* 


HONOR  SCROLL 


Those  whose  names  are  recorded  in  this  column 
are  among  the  contributors  to  the  Building  Fund 
for  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  at  the  New  York 
World's  Fair  through  the  medium  of  The  Palestine 
Book: 


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PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-FIVE 


THIS  SPACE 
RESERVED  FOR 

United  ^J~rwlt  C^o. 


HEBREW  REBORN 

{Continued  from  page  89) 

centage  of  them  the  original  works  of  poets  and  prose 
writers  of  Palestine. 

There  are  two  distinct  and  fascinating  stages  in  the 
history  of  this  revival.  A  generation  ago  the  little  Jewish 
community  of  Palestine,  almost  exclusively  religious  in 
character  and  Messianic  in  outlook,  resisted  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Sacred  Tongue  into  the  instrument  of  secular 
life.  One  daring  pioneer,  Eliezer  ben  Yehudah,  became 
the  symbol  of  the  revolution.  But  at  that  time  the  begin- 
nings of  the  revival  were  conducted  mainly  outside  of 
Palestine,  and  the  leaders  were  Chaim  Nachman  Bialik, 
Saul  Tchernichowsky,  Zalman  Schnauir,  Yakov  Cahan 
and  others;  they  represented  the  romantic  longing  toward 
Palestine  and  a  Hebrew  reborn.  But  they  were  already 
grown  to  maturity  when  their  hope  was  realized,  and 
their  literary  medium  had  become  the  vital  and  plastic 
language  of  ploughmen,  carpenters,  mechanics,  teachers, 
labor  leaders,  agricultural  experts  and  scientists.  When 
Bialik,  Tchernichowsky  and  Cahan  came  to  Palestine,  the 
new  phase  had  set  in;  and  the  veterans  of  the  movement 
acquired  a  strange  role:  they  became  the  classics  of  the 
past  within  their  own  lifetime!  Still  read,  still  beloved — 
as  they  will  be  forever — they  "dated"  while  they  were 
still  in  their  prime.  For  already  Hebrew  as  the  literary 
medium  had  passed  through  the  romantic  period,  and 
was  concerned  with  practicalities;  the  subject  matter  of 
the  poets  and  novelists  and  publicists  was  not  drawn 
from  the  past  or  projected  into  the  future;  it  was  part  of  a 
vigorous,  pulsing  present. 

Foremost  among  the  writers  who  made  the  Palestine  of 
the  "Third  Return"  the  locale  of  their  inspiration  were 
David  Shimonovitch  and  Joseph  Chaim  Brenner,  the  first 
a  poet,  the  second  a  novelist.  The  idylls  of  Shimonovitch 
gave  to  the  Hebrew-reading  world  the  joys  and  sorrows 
of  the  new  Jew  of  Palestine,  the  watchman,  the  plough- 
man and  builder.  The  intimate,  simple  and  affectionate 
depiction  of  their  lives — ghetto  dwellers  become  pioneers 
overnight — is  contained  in  short  vignettes  and  in  long 
descriptive  poems  of  the  soil.  The  schoolchildren  of  Pal- 
estine learn  these  songs  in  their  early  years.  Brenner,  the 
prose-writer,  was  totally  different  in  spirit  from  Shimono- 
vitch the  poet.  A  fiery,  explosive  spirit,  he  placed  his 
gifts  at  the  service  of  his  dreams  of  social  justice.  Until 
his  untimely  death  in  the  Jaffa  riots  of  1921  he  wrote  of 
the  life  of  the  workman,  and  between  the  production  of 
his  powerful  novels  collaborated  in  the  building  of  the 
labor  press.  Mosheh  Stavsky,  a  brilliant  writer  of  short 
stories,  settled  in  Palestine  in  his  youth;  he  became  a 
dairyman;  his  sketches  deal  with  the  life  to  which  he 
gave  himself;  they  are  of  the  farm  and  the  dairy,  of  the 
animals  as  well  as  of  the  men.  Not  content  with  the  con- 
fines of  Jewish  life,  he  has  given  us  tender  and  moving 
descriptions  of  the  life  of  the  neighboring  Arabs. 

No  one  can  foretell,  either  in  Palestine  or  elsewhere, 
the  future  of  a  creative  impulse.  Perhaps  in  Palestine 
more  than  anywhere  else  is  the  shape  of  spiritual  things 
to  come  unpredictable.  But  this  much  is  certain:  the  lit- 
erature of  the  Jewish  homeland  is  committed  to  this  fierce 
cooperation  with  the  emergent  life  which  is  its  matrix;  for 
generations  it  will  continue  to  regard  itself  as  an  instru- 
ment of  morale,  deriving  from  this  high  service  its 
peculiar  force,  and  repaying  the  debt  by  consciousness 
and  integrity  of  purpose. 


PAGE 


ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-SIX 


IS  TIME  ON  THE  SIDE  OF  INJUSTICE? 

[Continued  trom  page  29) 

hosts  of  the  Jewish  people  and  led  them  against  the 
Byzantine  usurpers  of  the  Jewish  homeland.  Five  hun- 
dred years  later  a  Jewish  leader  named  David  Alroy  once 
more  voiced  the  unyielding  demand  for  justice  of  a  living 
and  still  dispossessed  Jewish  people.  In  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  centuries  Abravanel,  David  Reubeni  and  Solo- 
mon Molcho  were  central  figures  in  the  Jewish  defiance 
of  time  and  wrong.  In  the  seventeenth  century  Manas- 
sah  ben  Israel  and  Sabbatai  Zevi  served  notice  on  the 
world  that  the  claim  was  not  relinguished,  the  wrong  not 
established. 

Where  did  the  Jews  learn  this  obdurate  contempt  for 
the  facile  villainy  of  the  fait  accompli?  The  answer  is: 
from  the  first  Prophet  to  deride  the  claims  of  the  first  con- 
gueror.  In  the  sixth  century  before  the  Christian  era 
Palestine  was  conguered  by  a  world  power.  In  the  foot- 
steps of  the  congueror  came  neighboring  peoples,  who 
stole  in  to  occupy  the  desolate  home  of  the  Jews.  It  was 
then  that  Jeremiah  formulated  the  phrases  which  stand  to 
the  end  of  all  time  as  the  denial  of  historic  condonation 
of  injustice:  "Thus  sayeth  the  Eternal:  Hath  Israel  no 
sons?  Hath  he  no  heir?  Why  then  doth  Malcom  take 
possession  of  Gad,  and  his  people  dwell  in  the  cities 
thereof?" 

The  phrases  ring  in  the  ears  of  the  Jews  today.  Their 
echoes  reverberate  in  the  ears  of  all  living,  dispossessed 
nations.  They  contain  the  living  negation  of  the  base 
philosophy  of  forgetfulness,  weariness  and  acguiescence. 
They  assert  that  there  is  no  obsolescence  of  right,  how- 
ever long  the  interval  between  the  commission  of  the  act 
of  robbery  and  the  reiterated  claim  of  the  victim. 

They  assert  something  more:  to  wit,  that  to  bow  before 
a  wrong  is  to  share  the  guilt  with  the  perpetrator.  There 
is  all  the  difference  in  the  world  between  being  unable  to 
right  a  wrong,  and  making  peace  with  it,  between  waiting 
with  tied  hands  and  signing  away  justice.  While  the  Jew 
was  able  to  fight  against  wrong  he  did  so;  but  when  this 
too  was  denied  him,  he  did  not  make  peace  with  the 
oppressor. 

The  wrong  committed  by  the  Romans  against  the  Jew, 
the  Jew  refused  to  accept;  history  did  not  justify  it,  time 
did  not  establish  it.  Nothing  which  issued  from  that 
wrong  could,  in  his  conception  of  the  proper  order  of 
things,  be  regarded  as  the  final  word.  If,  at  the  end  of 
two  millenia,  the  Arabs  had  established  in  Palestine  an 
independent  state,  ratified  by  the  code  of  indifferent 
nations,  the  Jew  would  still  maintain  that  this  Arab  state 
was  built  on  land  which  did  not  belong  to  the  Arabs. 

History  reveals  that  the  Arabs  never  established  an  in- 
dependent state  in  Palestine.  The  Palestinian  Arabs  were 
never  the  free  rulers  of  this  territory.  Arab  dynasties  remote 
from  Jerusalem  were  the  masters  of  that  territory;  they 
changed  from  century  to  century.  For  many  centuries  the 
Turks — not  an  Arab  people  at  all — were  masters;  and  the 
liberation  of  the  land  from  the  rule  of  the  Turk  was  not 
achieved  by  the  Arabs. 

The  protest  of  the  Jew — the  most  remarkable  moral 
force  in  history — penetrated  to  the  fitful  conscience  of  the 
nations  of  the  world.  What  else  can  explain  the  incred- 
ible legal  ruling  which  followed  the  world  war?  Fifty 
nations  admitted  the  validity  of  the  Jewish  claim  to  a 
Homeland  in  Palestine.  In  the  period  which  followed  the 


last  world  catastrophe,  while  millions  of  men  in  their 
revulsion  against  the  rule  of  force  looked  forward  to 
adjustment  of  human  claims  on  the  basis  of  opinion 
rather  than  might,  not  a  single  civilized  people  chal- 
lenged the  unigue  act  of  restitution.  It  was  only  with  the 
emergence  of  the  vicious  dictatorships  which  seek  a  re- 
version to  chaos  that  voices  are  lifted  in  hypocritical 
denial  of  the  justice  of  the  League  of  Nations  Mandate 
over  Palestine.  That  they  should  obtain  any  kind  of  hear- 
ing is  evidence  of  their  success  in  spreading  the  moral 
confusion  which  is  the  forerunner  of  dictatorial  triumph. 

"Palestine,"  a  distinguished  authority  on  Arab  civiliza- 
tion writes,  "has  no  meaning  without  the  Jewish  people." 
The  Western  world  instinctively  concurs  in  the  dictum; 
for  every  association  which  is  awakened  by  that  name  is 
part  of  the  record  of  the  Jewish  people  during  its  national 
existence  in  that  area.  But  there  is  a  wider  significance  in 
the  statement.  Palestine  has  no  meaning  without  the 
Jewish  people  not  just  because  the  two  identities  were 
inextricably  intertwined  by  the  achievements  of  the  past. 
The  future,  too,  is  involved.  As  long  as  these  twins  of 
time  and  fate — the  Jewish  people  and  Palestine — are  vio- 
lently separated  by  the  rule  of  might  over  right,  there  will 
be  no  peace  in  the  world,  for  the  foundations  of  the  world 
will  have  the  insecurity  of  blind  and  undirected  forces. 
A  mankind  organized  in  ethical  unity  will  see  the  Jewish 
problem  as  the  test  of  its  sincerity  and  stability;  the  re- 
union of  the  Jewish  people  with  Palestine  will  testify  to 
humanity's  coming  of  age. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-SEVEN 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MOUNT  SCOPUS 

{Continued  from  page  92) 

A  Board  of  Governors  was  established,  its  membership 
including  outstanding  figures  in  world  affairs,  such  as 
Einstein,  Freud,  Felix  M.  Warburg,  Shmarya  Levin,  Cyrus 
Adler,  Judge  Julian  Mack,  Sir  Herbert  Samuel  (now  Lord 
Samuel),  James  de  Rothschild  and  many  others.  The 
Board  had  to  determine  the  general  lines  of  the  Univer- 
sity's development  and  to  secure  the  funds  for  its  main- 
tenance. Dr.  Magnes  was  appointed  Chancellor  of  the 
University. 

Since  the  University  had  little  endowment,  it  was  felt 
in  1925  that  it  should  confine  itself  for  the  time  being  to 
research  work. 

Very  soon,  however,  demands  came  from  the  Jewish 
population  of  Palestine  and  from  Jewish  students  all  over 
the  world  for  teaching  facilities.  To  students  seriously 
interested  in  Jewish  tradition  and  in  research  into  the 
sources  of  Jewish  culture,  the  idea  of  studying  in  Jeru- 
salem had  a  unique  appeal.  The  Jews  of  Palestine,  too, 
to  whom  modern  scientific  study  had  long  been  practi- 
cally inaccessible,  strove  to  avail  themselves  of  these 
opportunities  in  Jerusalem.  Thus  it  came  about  that 
undergraduate  teaching  on  a  modest  scale  was  begun 
in  1928,  in  the  newly  constituted  Faculty  of  Humanities. 
This  Faculty  was  based  upon  the  Institute  of  Jewish 
Studies,  the  School  of  Oriental  Studies  and  the  Division 
of  General  Humanities.  In  1931  the  first  graduates  of  the 
Hebrew  University — 13  in  number — received  the  M.A. 
degree. 

The  year  1933  proved  a  turning  point  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  University.  From  then  on  the  problem  was 
no  longer  whether  there  would  be  teachers  and  students 
willing  to  work  and  study  in  Jerusalem,  but  how  to  find 
room  and  funds  for  all  the  scholars,  driven  from  their 
posts  in  the  universities  of  Europe,  who  asked  permission 
to  work  there.  It  was  gratifying  to  those  who  had  pressed 
for  the  development  of  the  University  that  the  University 
was  able  at  that  time  to  take  on  more  than  twenty  dis- 
placed German  scholars. 

This  brought  a  widening  of  the  scope  of  the  University. 
In  1935  the  Faculty  of  Science  was  constituted.  Also  in 
1935  Hadassah,  the  women's  Zionist  organization  of 
America,  undertook,  jointly  with  the  American  Jewish 
Physicians  Committee,  to  erect  the  buildings  for  the  Medi- 
cal Center  on  Mount  Scopus.  In  that  year,  too,  the  first 
Rector,  Professor  Hugo  Bergmann,  was  elected. 

The  year  1939  sees  the  continuation  of  this  process  of 
development.  Hundreds  of  students  apply  for  admission. 
Thown  out  of  their  planned  course  of  life  by  the  wave  of 
anti-Semitism  welling  up  all  over  Central  and  Eastern 
Europe,  they  knock  at  the  doors  of  their  own  University. 
These  young  people  want  to  prepare  themselves  to  be 
intellectually  active  members  of  the  Jewish  community. 
Scholars  apply  for  work  at  their  own  University  in  order 
to  place  their  ability  at  the  disposal  of  a  community  which 
will  not  turn  them  out  in  humiliation  in  return  for  their 


services.  The  steadily  growing  Jewish  population  of 
Palestine  sees  in  the  University  the  natural  continuation 
and  crowning  of  its  educational  system.  For  in  the  He- 
brew University  is  the  place  where  advice  may  be  had 
on  such  varied  subjects  as  precautions  against  diseases 
of  man  and  beast,  new  words  for  ideas  which  hitherto 
could  not  be  expressed  in  Hebrew,  and  practical  ques 
tions  of  agriculture  and  industry.  Teachers  of  the  Uni- 
versity do  not  confine  themselves  to  the  school  rooms  and 
the  laboratory.  They  deliver  lectures  at  workers'  centers 
of  adult  education,  they  go  to  the  settlements,  where  they 
find  an  audience  thirsty  for  knowledge  and  grateful  for  it. 

In  1939,  fourteen  years  after  its  dedication,  the  Hebrew 
University  has  become  a  reality  which  cannot  be  over- 
looked in  Jewish  cultural  life.  Indeed,  Jewish  cultural 
life  cannot  any  longer  be  conceived  without  it.  This  im- 
plies rapid  development,  even  in  this  swiftly  moving 
world.  Today  the  University  has  twelve  buildings,  with 
another,  the  Rosenbloom  Building,  in  course  of  construc- 
tion, to  house  the  Institute  of  Jewish  Studies.  This  is  being 
built  by  funds  contributed  by  Mrs.  Sol  Rosenbloom  and 
Mr.  Charles  Rosenbloom  of  Pittsburgh  and  New  York,  in 
fulfillment  of  the  wishes  of  the  late  Sol  Rosenbloom,  who 
was  deeply  interested  in  the  development  of  the  Institute. 
More  men  and  women  study  Judaism  scientifically  at  the 
Institute  of  Jewish  Studies  than  at  any  other  place  in  the 
Jewish  world. 

The  University  has  now  a  broad  program  of  under- 
graduate teaching  as  well  as  research;  there  is  a  faculty 
of  120;  there  are  810  students,  coming  from  many  different 
countries,  of  v/hom  50  are  research  students;  the  Library 
now  contains  over  350,000  volumes,  including  many  valu- 
able and  rare  collections  and  the  largest  medical  library 
in  the  Near  East,  which  has  been  assembled  largely 
through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Julius  Jarcho  of  New  York.  On 
April  9th  of  this  year  the  Medical  Center  was  opened, 
the  postgraduate  medical  studies  now  being  conducted 
at  the  University  are  being  transferred  there. 

We  in  America  are  proud  of  the  rapid  development 
which  the  Hebrew  University  has  made  in  the  brief  span 
of  fourteen  years.  We  are  proud  of  the  contribution  which 
has  been  made  to  this  development  by  American  Jews. 
Five  of  the  existing  buildings  have  been  erected  through 
the  generosity  of  Americans.  Mr.  Samuel  Untermyer  pro- 
vided the  funds  for  the  building  of  the  Minnie  Untermyer 
Open  Air  Theatre  in  memory  of  his  wife.  The  late  Mr. 
Philip  Wattenberg  and  Mrs.  Wattenberg  of  New  York 
provided  for  the  Wattenberg  Building,  which  houses  the 
Einstein  Institute  of  Mathematics.  Funds  for  the  erection 
of  the  Moness  Shapiro  Building  of  the  Einstein  Institute 
of  Physics  were  donated  by  Mrs.  Dora  Shapiro  of  New 
York.  The  J.  Montague  Lamport  Botanical  Gardens  are 
the  gift  of  members  of  the  Lamport  family  of  New  York. 
Chairs  have  been  endowed  by  Mr.  Jacob  Epstein  of  Bal- 
timore, the  late  Sol  Rosenbloom  of  Pittsburgh  and  the  late 
Israel  Unterberg  of  New  York. 

Much  has  been  achieved.    More  remains  to  be  done. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-EIGHT 


KEREN  HAYESOD 

{Continued  from  page  72) 

of  the  very  concept  of  a  national  treasury.  Jews  are 
ready  enough  to  support  hospitals,  schools,  orphan  and 
old  age  asylums,  but  the  idea  of  a  governmental  instru- 
ment for  a  people  without  a  government  was  too  new. 

In  the  nineteen  years  of  its  existence,  the  Keren  Haye- 
sod  has  gathered  from  various  Jewries  a  total  of  nearly 
thirty-five  million  dollars.  Even  when  it  is  borne  in  mind 
that  other  public  funds  connected  with  Palestine  have 
brought  an  equal  amount  into  the  country  (over  and 
above  private  investment,  of  course),  this  sum  is  not  too 
impressive;  for  it  represents  neither  the  giving  capacity 
of  the  Jewish  people,  nor  the  amplitude  of  the  practical 
task.  But  on  the  whole,  the  response  has  grown  greatly. 

Land  colonization  is  of  course  only  one  aspect  of  the 
manifold  task  of  the  building  of  Palestine.  It  is  probably 
the  most  important  single  task,  inasmuch  as  there  can 
be  no  hope  of  rooting  a  people  in  a  country  unless  it  has 
grown  organically  into  the  soil;  but  a  country  consists  of 
cities  as  well  as  farms.  The  growth  of  the  Jewish  cities 
of  Palestine  called  for  the  creation  and  training  and  inte- 
gration of  an  urban  proletariat.  The  General  Jewish 
Labor  Federation  of  Palestine  (Histadrut),  concerned  with 
much  wider  constructive  problems  than  any  other  labor 
organization,  received  the  help  of  the  Keren  Hayesod  in 
the  creation  of  cooperative  urban  enterprises.  These  were 
intended  not  only  to  provide  employment,  but  to  train 
workers  who,  arriving  from  the  diaspora,  had  to  be  fitted 
to  the  needs  of  the  country.  But  the  Keren  Hayesod 
made  its  contact  with  the  immigrating  worker  even 
earlier.  It  met  him  at  the  port,  housed  him  for  the  transi- 
tional period  and  acted  as  a  clearing  office.  Another 
undertaking  sponsored  by  the  Keren  Hayesod  was  the 
founding  of  small  auxiliary  farms  for  workers. 

In  the  field  of  general  industry  the  Keren  Hayesod  has 
led  the  way  by  the  creation  of  a  general  mortgage  bank, 
and  by  participation  in  such  enterprises  as  the  Palestine 
Electric  Corporation  (the  Rutenberg  Company,  which 
taps  the  water-power  of  the  Jordan)  and  the  Palestine 
Potash  Company  (which  exploits  the  rich  chemical  de- 
posits of  the  Dead  Sea).  It  has  created  an  Institute  of 
Economic  Research,  it  finances  the  Trade  and  Industry 
Department  of  the  Jewish  Agency,  and  it  promotes  for- 
eign trade  by  all  those  means  which  are  generally  em- 
ployed by  a  government.  It  has  made  possible  the  inclu- 
sion of  Palestine  in  expositions  like  those  of  Bari,  Smyrna 
and  Paris,  and  the  building  of  the  Palestine  Pavilion  at 
the  New  York  World's  Fair. 

Perhaps  the  only  single  field  of  effort  which  can  com- 
pare in  importance  with  the  creation  of  a  Jewish  farmer 
class,  is  that  of  the  Palestine  school  system,  in  which  the 
Keren  Hayesod  played  a  leading  role  during  the  first 
years  of  colonization.  Unlike  other  settlements  in  their 
opening  stages,  the  Palestinian  refused  to  abandon  the 
educational  standards  of  more  developed  countries. 

These  are  only  the  highlights  of  the  problems  and 
achievements  of  the  Palestine  Foundation  Fund.  Re- 
garded merely  as  a  financial  agency,  it  has  performed  a 
great  function  in  the  building  of  a  country;  but  by  the 
manner  in  which  it  creates  its  funds,  and  by  the  sig- 
nificance of  their  application,  it  has  earned  for  itself  a 
unique  place  in  the  history  of  human  endeavor. 


JEW  AND  SOIL  REUNITED 

(Continued  from  page  63) 

The  methods  by  which  the  Keren  Kayemeth 
gathers  its  funds  have  been  designed  with  a  view  to 
expressing  and  maintaining  its  popularity  and  folk 
character.  Among  them  are:  Stamps,  purchasable 
from  the  Keren  Kayemeth,  to  be  affixed  to  corre- 
spondence; collection  boxes,  placed  in  homes  and 
offices  to  invite  coin  donations;  the  Golden  Books, 
special  registers  maintained  in  Jerusalem,  in  which 
are  entered  the  names  of  donors  of  $100  or  more,  as 
well  as  the  names  of  individuals  whom  their  friends 
wish  to  honor  by  such  an  inscription;  tree-planting 
lunds,  connected  with  the  afforestation  program; 
flower  days  and  flag  days,  semi-annual  street  col- 
lections; dunam  contributions,  direct  gifts  of  the  pur- 
chase price  of  a  number  of  dunams;  and  bequests, 
provisions  in  wills.  Within  the  range  of  these 
methods  there  is  room  for  every  economic  group  in 
the  community. 

The  control  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  is  vested 
in  the  World  Zionist  Organization,  which  delegates 
its  powers  to  a  Board  of  Directors  elected  by  the 
General  Council  of  the  Organization.  One  third  of 
the  Board  resigns  annually,  in  rotation.  Thus  the 
Keren  Kayemeth  is  a  genuinely  democratic  body, 
subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Zionist  electorate  at 
large.  The  American  branch  was  incorporated  in 
this  country  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  York 
in  1925.  In  its  charter  it  is  authorized  "to  accept  and 
receive  from  any  person,  firm,  corporation,  society 
or  association  contributions,  gifts,  legacies,  bequests 
and  property  for  the  purposes  of  acquiring,  reclaim- 
ing and  developing  the  soil  of  Palestine  as  the  na- 
tional property  of  the  Jewish  people." 

The  affairs  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  of  America 
are  administered  by  a  Board  of  Directors  of  forty- 
five,  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Zionist  Or- 
ganization of  America,  Hadassah  (the  women's 
Zionist  organization),  Mizrachi  (Orthodox  Zionist  or- 
ganization), Poale  Zion — Zeire  Zion  (Zionist  Socialist 
Party)  and  representatives  of  the  public  at  large. 
An  Administrative  Committee  of  thirteen  is  chosen 
annually  by  the  Board. 

The  appeal  of  the  Jewish  National  Fund  has 
spread  far  beyond  the  confines  of  the  Zionist  move- 
ment, just  as  the  growth  of  the  Jewish  National 
Home  occupies  the  attention  and  attracts  the  coop- 
eration of  tens  of  thousands  of  Jews  not  officially  en- 
rolled in  the  Zionist  Organization.  Typical  of  this 
general  Jewish  response  is  the  action  of  the  Ameri- 
can B'nai  B'rith,  which  a  year  ago  donated  out  of 
its  funds  the  sum  of  $100,000.  For  the  achievements 
of  the  Keren  Kayemeth,  within  the  framework  of  the 
Jewish  National  Home,  have  become  a  matter  of 
pride  and  concern  to  millions  of  Jews.  They  are 
becoming  increasingly  aware  of  an  instrument 
which  plays  a  multiple  creative  role,  and  which, 
while  answering  many  practical  problems,  presents 
to  the  world  the  picture  of  a  great  social  achieve- 
ment of  more  than  merely  Jewish  significance. 


PAGE  ONE  HUNDRED  THIRTY-NINE 


index  to  advertisers 

The  sponsors  ol  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  here- 
with express  their  deep  gratitude  to  all  who,  by  ad- 
vertising in  The  Palestine  Book,  have  contributed  to 
the  Building  Fund  ol  the  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion 


Agfa  Ansco  Corp  

American  Bemberg  Corp  

American  Distilling  Co.,  The  . 
American  Export  Lines,  Inc.  .. 
American  Tobacco  Co.,  Inc.,  The 


PAGE 

108 
.  16 
130 
130 
4th  cover 


American  Wine  Co   119 

Anchor  Hocking  Glass  Corp  -   119 

Anglo-Palestine  Bank  of  Palestine,  Ltd   58 

Arco  Crown  Cork  &  Cap   Co.,  Inc   118 

Atlantic  Electro  Co  _   112 

67 
112 
3 
15 
129 
125 
55 
115 
14 


Art  Steel  Co.,  Inc. 

Atlantic  Electric  Co  

Barclay  &  Co.,  Jas.,  Ltd  

Bayer  Company,  Inc.,  The  .. 

Beck  Shoe  Corp.,  A.  S  

Beech-Nut  Packing  Co  

Book  of  the  Month  Club,  Inc. 
Brown-Forman  Distillery  Co., 
Browne  Vintners  Co.,  Inc. 


Inc. 


9 
117 
129 
101 
114 
122 


Brown  &  Williamson  Tobacco  Corp.   

Calvert  Distillers  Corp  

Canada  Dry  Ginger  Ale,  Inc  _  _  

Chrysler  Corp  

Commodore  Hotel,  The  

Copley-Plaza,  The     

Corn  (Mazola)  Products  Refining  Co  

Cotton  Club    130 

Coty,  Inc.  .._   97 

Cushman's  Sons,  Inc   1Z1 

Daitch  &  Dubin  Dairy  Stores  _   119 

De    Vilbiss    Co.,    The  _   118 

Doughnut  Corp.  of  America   H5 

Dreisr  Hotels    103 

Electric  Auto-Lite  Co   Ill 

Endicott  Johnson    11 


Ex-Lax,  Inc. 

Fischer  Baking  Co.  .   

Ford  Motor  Co  

Frankfort  Distilleries,  Inc  

General  Cigar  Co  

General  Drug  Co  

General  Mortgage  Bank  of  Palestine,  Ltd. 

Glenmore  Distilleries  Co.,  Inc.  _. 

Goldman,  Wm.  P.,  &  Bros.,  Inc  _  

Gooderham  &  Worts,  Ltd    

Gristede  Bros.,  Inc    

Gulden,  Chas.,  Inc  

Heinz  Co.,  H.  J. 


116 
118 
121 
36 
99 
108 
58 
113 
110 
3 
116 
119 
126 

International  Business  Machines  Corp   59 

International  Silver  Co.   119 

Knickerbocker  Studios,  Inc   97 

Larus  &  Brother,  Co  _   118 

Lever  Bros.  Co.  (Spry)   38 

Lever  Bros.  Co.  (Lux)   128 

Libbey-Owens-Ford    Glass    Co  _   123 

Liggett  &  Myers  Tobacco  Co.,  Inc   4 

Longene   120 

Loose-Wiles  Biscuit  Co   119 

Lorillard  Co.,  P.,  Inc   8 

Maiden  Form    99 

Monsanto  Chemical  Co   110 

National  Carbon  Co.,  Inc     131 

National  Distillers  Products  Corp.  6 

New  Yorker,  The   5 

Nivison-Weiskopf  Co.,  The   130 

North  American  Rayon  Corp   16 

Oneida,  Ltd   117 

Owens  Illinois  Glass  Co  _  104-105 

Pabst  Brewing  Co     7 

Palestine  Land  Development  Co.,  Ltd   56 

Palestine  Electric  Corp.,  Ltd  _   57 

Palestine  Potash,  Ltd  :   127 

Park  &  Tilford  Imp.  Co   122 

Philip  Morris  &  Co.,  Ltd   10 

Planter's  Edible  Oil  Co   134 

Remington  Rand,  Inc  _  :   1 

Revlon  Nail  Enamel  Corp.    115 

Reynolds  Metals  Co     103 

Reynolds  Tobacco  Co.,  R.  1   37 

Rockwood  &  Co   112 

Royal  Typewriter  Co   Ill 

Ruppert,  Jacob,  Brewery   3rd  cover 

Seagram-Distillers  Corp  2nd  cover 

Sealtest,  Inc   109 

Schenley  Distillers  Corp  _     12 

Schenley  Import  Corp  _   39 

Steinway  &  Sons   107 

Stephano  Bros   119 

Tubize  Chatillon  Corp   139 

Twenty-one  Brands,   Inc   130 

Underwood-Elliott-Fisher  Co.,  Inc   117 

United  Factors  Corp   134 

United  Fruit  Co.  Lines   135 

United  States  Tobacco  Co   123 

Variety,  Inc   97 

Walker,  Hiram,  Inc   3 

Warwick,   The    137 

Wile  Sons  &  Co.,  Julius,  Inc   105 

Willoughby's    130 

Wizo — Women's  International  Zionist  Organization   56 

Wrigley,  Wm.  Jr.,  Co   67 


table  of  contents 


COVER  designed  and  executed  by  Arieh  El-Hanani 

and  Ittamar  David 
Montages  and  special  lay  outs  by  Baron-Ancona 

pace 

Dedication  to  Harold  Jacobi   13 

Editor's  Foreword   17 

The  Jewish  Palestine  Pavilion  (Illustration)   18 

Statement  by  George  Backer    19 

Message  by  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt    20 

Greetings  by  Fiorello  H.  LaGuardia,  Herbert  H.  Lehman, 

Alfred  E.  Smith   21 

Jewry's  Undying  Yearning  for  Zion,  by  Chaim  Weizmcmn  22 

Palestine  Is  the  Jewish  National  Home,  by  John  Gunther  27 

The  Bible  Our  Charter  to  Palestine,  by  Stephen  S.  Wise  28 

Is  Time  on  the  Side  of  Injustice?  by  Solomon  Goldman  29 

A  Conflict  of  Nationalisms?  by  Frederick  H.  Kisch  31 

The  Rebirth  of  the  Holy  Land,  by  Louis  Lipsky   33 

The  Refugee  Problem  and  Palestine,  by  Israel  Brodie        ...  34 

The  Pavilion  in  the  Making,  by  Meyer  W.  Weisgal  41 

Memorial  Entrance  and  Hall  of  Transformation   42 

The  Spirit  of  the  Pavilion,  by  Maurice  Samuel   43 

Hall  of  Agriculture  and  Hall  of  Town-Planning   44 

Armageddon,  by  Pierre  van  Paassen    45 

Hall  of  Industry  and  Hall  of  Culture   46 

Asking  for  No  Pity,  Dorothy  Thompson   47 

Hall  of  Labor  and  Hall  of  Health    48 

The  Temple  of  Solomon   49 

The  Holy  Land  of  Yesterday  and  Tomorrow   50 

The  Fountainhead  of  Civilization,  by  Thomas  Mann   54 

Jew  and  Soil  Reunited,  by  Israel  Goldstein   60 

From  Mikve  to  Hanita,  by  Arthur  Ruppin   64 

New  Social  Pattern,  by  Claire  Epstein   69 

Planning  a  Civilization,  by  Harry  Levin   71 

Keren  Hayesod,  by  Hugo  Herrmann   72 

Guarding  the  Yishub   74 

A  Chronicle  of  Service,  by  Rose  Halprin       76 

The  Jewish  Wonder  City,  by  Israel  Rokach    79 

Port  of  Tel  Aviv   81 


Haifa 


82 


Palestine  Economic  Corporation,  by  Bernard  Flexner   83 

Made  in  Palestine,  by  Dorothy  Kahn   84 

To  the  Sea  in  Ships,  by  Wellesley  Aron   86 

The  Children's  Crusade   88 

Hebrew  Reborn,  by  Pessach  Ginsburg   89 

Jerusalem,  by  I.  Ben  Zwi   90 

The  University  on  Mount  Scopus,  by  A.  S.  W.  Rosenbach   91 

Scientist-Builders  of  Palestine,  by  Ben  Levi   93 

The  Palestine  Orchestra   94 

Art  in  Palestine   95 

The  Drama  in  Palestine   96 

Symbol  of  a  People's  Will,  by  Ludwig  Lewisohn   109 

Organizations  Affiliated  with  Sponsorship  of  Pavilion   132 

Notes  on  Contributors   134 


124  OGDEN  PRINTING  CO.,  INC.,  NEW  YORK 


Your  taste  will  tell  you 


NEW  YORKS 
LARGEST  SELLING 
BEER 


JACOB  RLPPERT  BREWERY.  .  .  &{tw  York  Qly 


f00 


Easy  on  Your  Throat  - 
Because  IT'S  TOASTED 


mm 


Crops  are  better  than  ever — and  Luckies 
always  buy  the  Cream,"  says  John  L. 
Pinnix,  independent  tobacco  expert,  a 
Lucky  Strike  smoker  since  1918 

HAVE  YOU  TRIED  A  LUCKY  LATELY?  Luckies 
are  better  than  ever  because  new  methods  de- 
veloped by  the  United  States  Government  have 
helped  farmers  grow  finer  tobacco  in  the  last 
few  years.  And  Luckies,  as  always,  have  bought 
the  cream  of  the  crop.  Aged  from  2  to  4  years, 
these  finer  tobaccos  are  in  Luckies  today.  And 
remember:  sworn  records  show  that  among 
independent  tobacco  experts — warehousemen, 
auctioneers  and  buyers  —  Luckies  have  twice 
as  many  exclusive  smokers  as  have  all  other 
cigarettes  combined  .  .  .  WITH  MEN  WHO 

KNOW  TOBACCO  BEST-IT'S  LUCKIES  2  TO  1